Day 42 to 49 We are getting closer to an end. Is the second time I’m growing purple genetics and I can say that somehow look to be faster to finish their life cycle; I think the next week will be the beginning of flushing, so I will just give water at PH 6.5, without any fertilizers, till the end which I believe will be around day 65. Let me know what’s your experience with purple genetics and of course if you have some tips! Cheers 🍻

Day 28 for these 2 Blue dream We got an indica and sativa pheno very nice, they are still under cfl light its easy for me to keep them warm like this, ive build my own little tent with a washing rack with fleece wrapped around with the cfl heating them 😄 it works but i really need that spring warmth now so i can pull out the spiderfarmer

Welcome home

A very sticky🍯 and fragrant variety, it has a sweet 🍑peach-like scent and is grown entirely organically☘️

🌸 Week 4 Flower Report: Growth, Challenges & Big Changes! 🌸 Hey, Grow Diaries Fam! ✨ We’re here at Week 4 of Flower, and what a week it’s been—packed with challenges, adjustments, and exciting progress! Before diving into the details, let’s start with a note on my flowering timeline. While this is Week 4, I don’t start counting flower days the moment I flip to 12/12. Instead, I wait for the plants to show true signs of bloom. It’s a small but significant distinction that keeps things accurate and aligned with the plants’ development. 🌱 Defoliation: Timing is Everything! Defoliation is a critical part of the flowering stage, and I typically wait until Day 21. However, this week, I tackled it earlier on Day 17 because: 1️⃣ The room was simply too full. 2️⃣ And most importantly—the Papaya Zoap had other plans! She’s a fighter—determined, defiant, and constantly reaching for the moon. Despite intense training like super cropping, she’s still pushing upward, nearly outpacing the LED lights. Challenges like this remind us of a simple truth: gardening mirrors life. It’s about resilience, adaptation, and unwavering determination. 💪 This week, I added a second SCROG layer. While this net will support the flowering colas, it’s also there to strategically manage the Papaya Zoap. Why? Because experience has taught me that if she grows out of the LED’s range, she won’t finish properly—and that could disrupt the balance for every other plant in the tent. It’s all about teamwork, even in the garden. 🌟 Defoliation was intense, removing nearly all the leaves with stems to clear space and boost airflow. The tent now looks dramatically different! For the full before-and-after transformation, be sure to check out my YouTube channel—trust me, you’ll want to see this process up close! 🎥✨ Switching to Aptus Holland Minerals A major milestone this week: I’ve transitioned entirely to Aptus Holland Minerals. 🌊 From now on, it’s just minerals—no more organic inputs. This marks the start of a new chapter, and I’m incredibly curious to see how the plants react to these changes. Here’s the current nutrient mix: • System Clean: 0.5 ml/L • Regulator: 0.15 ml/L • RO Water Conditioner: 0.8 ml/L • All-in-One Liquid: 2.1 ml/L I’m keeping the pH at 6.1 and TDS at 556 ppm, and so far, the plants are thriving. This week also included a thorough system clean, ensuring everything runs smoothly as we enter the final flowering stages. 🌿 Bud Development: Pure Magic! The bud formation across all the genetics is nothing short of incredible. Every plant is thriving, and the canopy is lush, vibrant, and full of potential. I’ve raised the PPFD to 750 for this stage, with temps steady at 25°C and RH at 63%—keeping the VPD dialed in at 1.11. The TrolMaster ecosystem, paired with the AutoPots, makes managing these precise conditions seamless. With more time to focus on the plants, I can give them the daily care they deserve. 💚 Shoutouts & Gratitude A huge thank you to my sponsors and supporters: TrolMaster, Aptus Holland, Pro-Mix, Cannakan, and the amazing seed banks. Your incredible products and technology make this journey possible. 🌟 To the Grow Diaries community and all my followers—thank you for your energy, love, and even the challenges from the haters. It all fuels this incredible process, and I apprecilove every bit of it. Special shoutout to Brother Daggadna—check him out on Instagram and show some love! 💚 The plants are heading into the next phase of bloom, and I can’t wait to share how this story unfolds. 🌸✨ As always, stay tuned, stay positive, and let’s keep growing strong together! 🙌 Growers’ love to all 💚 #TrolMaster #AptusHolland #GrowLife #CannabisCommunity #FlowerWeek4 #NeverGiveUp #GrowWithLove #IndoorHorticulture #Defoliation #PPFD #ControlledEnvironment #SCROGNet #DogDoctorOfficial Discount Codes so you can save big on your next check out 💚💚💚 Kannabia - DOGDOCTOR 30% off SeedsmanSeeds - DOGDOCTOR 10% off CannaKan- DOGDOCTOR 15% off terpyz.eu - DOCTOR 15% off The Neutralizer - PORKIT5-DOG 15% off As always thank you all for stopping by, for the love and for it all , this journey of mine wold just not be the same without you guys, the love and support is very much appreciated and i fell honored and so joyful with you all in my life 🙏
 With true love comes happiness 💚🙏 Always believe in your self and always do things expecting nothing and with an open heart , be a giver and the universe will give back to you in ways you could not even imagine so 💚 Friendly reminder all you see here is pure research and for educational purposes only Growers Love to you all 💚💚💚 P.S. – A Deep Dive into the ICL-300: Revolutionizing Under-Canopy Lighting The ICL-300 isn’t just another LED—it’s a game-changer for under-canopy lighting. Unlike traditional LED systems that project light in a single direction, the ICL-300’s 300-degree design ensures even light distribution beneath the canopy. 🌟 This unique feature means that no part of your plant is left in shadow, creating a balanced environment for lower buds to thrive. Key Tech Specs & Benefits: • 300-Degree Light Distribution: This design fills the under-canopy space with optimal light, enhancing photosynthesis where it often gets neglected. 🌱 • Full Spectrum Output: Tailored to meet the specific needs of plants at every stage, ensuring quality growth from base to apex. • Energy Efficiency: Advanced LED technology delivers maximum output with minimal energy usage, keeping costs down and sustainability up. 💡 • Durability & Heat Management: Built with high-quality materials, the ICL-300 stays cool and reliable, even in intense growing environments. Why It Matters: Under-canopy lighting is a game-changer for growers aiming to maximize yield and quality. Typically, lower buds receive less light, resulting in larfy or underdeveloped flowers. The ICL-300 changes that dynamic entirely by turning shadows into opportunity. 🌟 With light evenly dispersed across the entire plant, you’re not just growing; you’re sculpting a masterpiece. For me, the ICL-300 is more than a tool—it’s a partner in innovation. It ensures that every plant in my grow room has equal opportunity to shine, from the top colas to the smallest buds at the base. When paired with a carefully managed ecosystem, like the one powered by TrolMaster, the potential for consistent, top-quality harvests reaches new heights. This isn’t just about adding light—it’s about adding value, efficiency, and balance to the grow process. I’m beyond excited to see how the ICL-300 transforms the game in my tent, and I can’t wait to share the results with you all! 💚

Looking good Las raices consiguieron un trenzado hermoso No sé si eso es normal pero está planta me sorprende y me sigue sorprendiendo

N deficiency but it’s ok.

This grow with the TSW2000, FC4800 and 8x8 Grow Tent has come to an end🤘🤘. I'm so happy with the results mars hydro has done👍. Best lights you can get in my opinion and TONS of other people agree with me on this too👍. I always say mars hydro gets em frosty and their lights DID get em nice and frosty and the buds are so tasty and smell awesome🤘. I trimmed up 6 plants so far. Got 9 more to go. And it seems like I get a 1liter Mason jar per plant and is about 2 ounces per plant. Some are a bit more than 2. Not a huge haul per plant but I'm still very happy with it because the quality is amazing. I will never want to use anything but MARS HYDRO. Extremely satisfied with the entire grow with mars. The weed quality is very good and controlling the heat was simple because they don't get that hot. The lights were very easy to setup and so was the tent. I STONGLY recommend any products from Mars Hydro. You will not be disappointed 👍 Thanks for following my grow and good luck to all my friends and remember to have fun with your grows🤘🤘 rock n roll a joint everyone🤘🥁🎸 FOR EVERYTHING MARS HYDRO VISIT: www.mars-hydro.com PROMO CODE: rocknroll VISIT THE ALIEXPRESS STORE: @marshydro_aliexpress2 Instagram: @marshydropenny https://youtube.com/channel/UChU5ZWwNi-DvnO3oWVU3ceA Thanks for taking the time to read and check out my shit🤜🤛 GET THE MAX FROM MARS👍: Welcome one of  the newest members of the Mars Hydro family🤜🤛🤘. The Mars Hydro FC 4800 480W LED Grow Light can accommodate up to a 4' x 4' area for flowering. It has OVER 2000 LED chips consisting of the best selling Samsung LM301B diodes which has a Luminous Efficacy of: 220 lm/W 0.2 W, 3 V mid power, Osram 660nm Diodes, Infrared light and UV LIGHT👍. It boasts the incredible efficiency of 2.8 µmol/J, maximum 2.5gram yield per watt with 30% higher Average PPFD. This High-intensity spectrum is beneficial for plants at all stages - from veg to bloom, and creates Big dense Buds👍. achieve 50% higher yields & quality compared with the old lights! Only consumes 480W for 4x4ft personal grows, and 3x3ft for commerical grow. It comes with a dimmer and daisy chain function with a  maximum of up to 15 lights, the master light controls the rest👍. Wide 6-bar design offers even & wide canopy coverage and can maximizes your grow space. slim 180° FOLDABLE DESIGN... YES I SAID FOLDABLE🤘🤣 , making it compact and easy to install, it's IP65 WATERPROOF and will give you no worries while growing in a humid environment and makes it a flexible high performance commercial grow light for enormous  SUPER FROSTY yields.😛😛😛. MARS GETS EM FROSTY BOYS👍 AWESOME HEAT DISSIPATION: The Low energy consumption FC4800 growing light has 6 passive-cooled bars and an aluminum heat-sink a removable driver  you can upgrade later or have it outside your tent. with zero noise  you can save up to 50% in your electricity bill compared to HID's or HPS lights! It also has a removable driver so you can upgrade it in the future or have it outside your grow space for better heat control in your growroom👍 UPGRADED FULL SPECTRUM: Yield Max Spectrum with enhanced red (Top-Bin Samsung 3000k-5000knm, Osram 660nm Deep Red), speed up blooming & fruiting, perfectly suited for full-cycle growing. The FC4800 LED grow lamp was born for Big Buds, perfect for commercial, grow tent, grow room, hydroponics, and all soil grows.👍 THE BEST SAMSUNG DIODES: THE FC4800 has Top Bin genuine Samsung Osram Diodes, combined with remarkable 2.8 µmol/J Efficacy, 30% higher Average PPFD, 50% less energy consumption, to maximize your yields. They give you a TRUSTED 3 years warranty 100% Satisfactory guaranteed!!! The MARS HYDRO 8x8 Grow Tent interior is made of a unique diamond design mylar which is highly reflective. (Other companies mylar and reflective rate is as low as 50%, and it won't provide efficient light. They use thick 1680D oxford canvas, and being double stitched, it is tear proof and perfect for locking in the light. Their grow tent keeps 100% of the light inside the tent and helps your plants absorb more light. EXTRA-THICK material means No light leaks or rips at all.👍 Strong Stable metal corner adapters and poles are the trustful supporters of the tent. It's very sturdy, neither rusting or paint flaking off. quick and easy tool-free setup. They use heavy-duty metal zippers, with double layer black lining, by far the best on the market which creates a light-proof seal. The Easy observation windows are made by double layers of cloth. Observe the growing conditions of your plants without opening the tent and avoid disturbing your plants. The observation windows also serves to dissipate heat and ventilate the air. The tent includes 2 removable waterproof floor trays to hold soil and water. The removable tray can be taken out to wash easily. They guarantee the grow tents are easy to install even if you've never done something like this before. Clear Instructions and no tools needed! They also offer 30-day unconditional refunds for quality problems. Just contact their friendly 24 hours customer service 👍

3eme semaine de température trop hautes (30-35°) Dans l'ordre: 1) Afghan Peach x Blue Monkey 2) Gelato Cake 3) Fast Critical Poison 4) Tropical Fuel 5) Hindu Kush 6) (Blueberry x Black Domina) X (Kosher Kush x Mk-Ultra) 7) Blueberry (Cut = 4g) 8) Herz OG (Cut = 5g) 9) (Blueberry x Black Domina) X (Kosher Kush x Mk-Ultra) (Cut)

Alles beim Alten, den Ladys geht es gut. Ab Mitte/ ende der Woche kommt das PK 13/14 dazu.

Going into darkness at day 61

Second week flushing and harvest @8,5 weeks flowering. (82 cm - 102 cm) 90 cm Lovely fruity smell.

Starting to flush on Day 70 then gonna chop ‘em down in a week or two, looking great so far and smells amazing when u open the tent, real frosty and dense some nice indica buds. Their starting to get a purple hue on the flower and also the leaves are going a nice purple/yellow I’ll update soon. ✌️🏻👌🏻 01/10/18 - it’s day 75 and all is good did some late night Defol and their looking beautiful and stunk out my flat (hence it was a nighttime job)

A part la frosty qui a fait un debut de Flo sorti de l’interieur les autres ont pursuivibleur croissance et commence leur stretch tous doucement

This week made a few oopsies . I gave un-ph’d water to one of the plants “moving to fast” . Started defoliation during this week to attempt to redirect plant energy into establishing a full canopy since flowering has initiated. Whilst defoliating I broke a branch that had to be taped to save it. Humidity went out of whack when I stored 4 prepped 5 gal pots for transplant in the tent sooo I’ve got to buy a dehumidifier bc at one point all my plants fell out in a fit . STILL haven’t filled these pots out, & I’m kinda sure/unsure it’s time to re-amend the soil for flowering. I’m conflicting on waiting until beginning/middle of week 7 so I can flush week 11 & 12 . I think that covers it pretty well Week 5 in the 📚 📕 📖.

Hello growers. This week was a normal flowering week. Stopped with giving pk13/14 and started normal flowering nutes again. Hopefully the buds fatten a little bit more. We will see. See you next week. ElegantBuds

Premium cannabis organic thailand #team (richsanfarmorganic100%) & Naturalfarmsoil Organic products

Hey guys ! Sorry if I deleted the week 7! We’re starting week 9 and buds are fattening up ! I recently moved the plants to a new bigger box and now they re under a 300w full spectrum led and a 250w CFL, so extra lights to the girls and they’re really enjoying it ! Can wait to harvest ! I will post some photos and a video, u think this girls are ready to harvest ?

Put to 12-12 schedule during the end of last week ( week 15).

Yellow butterfly came to see me the other day; that was nice. Starting to show signs of stress on the odd leaf, localized isolated blips, blemishes, who said growing up was going to be easy! Smaller leaves have less surface area for stomata to occupy, so the stomata are packed more densely to maintain adequate gas exchange. Smaller leaves might have higher stomatal density to compensate for their smaller size, potentially maximizing carbon uptake and minimizing water loss. Environmental conditions like light intensity and water availability can influence stomatal density, and these factors can affect leaf size as well. Leaf development involves cell division and expansion, and stomatal differentiation is sensitive to these processes. In essence, the smaller leaf size can lead to a higher stomatal density due to the constraints of available space and the need to optimize gas exchange for photosynthesis and transpiration. In the long term, UV-B radiation can lead to more complex changes in stomatal morphology, including effects on both stomatal density and size, potentially impacting carbon sequestration and water use. In essence, UV-B can be a double-edged sword for stomata: It can induce stomatal closure and potentially reduce stomatal size, but it may also trigger an increase in stomatal density as a compensatory mechanism. It is generally more efficient for gas exchange to have smaller leaves with a higher stomatal density, rather than large leaves with lower stomatal density. This is because smaller stomata can facilitate faster gas exchange due to shorter diffusion pathways, even though they may have the same total pore area as fewer, larger stomata. Leaf size tends to decrease in colder climates to reduce heat loss, while larger leaves are more common in warmer, humid environments. Plants in arid regions often develop smaller leaves with a thicker cuticle and/or hairs to minimize water loss through transpiration. Conversely, plants in wet environments may have larger leaves and drip tips to facilitate water runoff. Leaf size and shape can vary based on light availability. For example, leaves in shaded areas may be larger and thinner to maximize light absorption. Leaf mass per area (LMA) can be higher in stressful environments with limited nutrients, indicating a greater investment in structural components for protection and critical resource conservation. Wind speed, humidity, and soil conditions can also influence leaf morphology, leading to variations in leaf shape, size, and surface characteristics. Small leaves: Reduce water loss in arid or cold climates. Environmental conditions significantly affect gene expression in plants. Plants are sessile organisms, meaning they cannot move to escape unfavorable conditions, so they rely on gene expression to adapt to their surroundings. Environmental factors like light, temperature, water, and nutrient availability can trigger changes in gene expression, allowing plants to respond to and survive in diverse environments. Depending on the environment a young seedling encounters, the developmental program following seed germination could be skotomorphogenesis in the dark or photomorphogenesis in the light. Light signals are interpreted by a repertoire of photoreceptors followed by sophisticated gene expression networks, eventually resulting in developmental changes. The expression and functions of photoreceptors and key signaling molecules are highly coordinated and regulated at multiple levels of the central dogma in molecular biology. Light activates gene expression through the actions of positive transcriptional regulators and the relaxation of chromatin by histone acetylation. Small regulatory RNAs help attenuate the expression of light-responsive genes. Alternative splicing, protein phosphorylation/dephosphorylation, the formation of diverse transcriptional complexes, and selective protein degradation all contribute to proteome diversity and change the functions of individual proteins. Photomorphogenesis, the light-driven developmental changes in plants, significantly impacts gene expression. It involves a cascade of events where light signals, perceived by photoreceptors, trigger changes in gene expression patterns, ultimately leading to the development of a plant in response to its light environment. Genes are expressed, not dictated! While having the potential to encode proteins, genes are not automatically and constantly active. Instead, their expression (the process of turning them into proteins) is carefully regulated by the cell, responding to internal and external signals. This means that genes can be "turned on" or "turned off," and the level of expression can be adjusted, depending on the cell's needs and the surrounding environment. In plants, genes are not simply "on" or "off" but rather their expression is carefully regulated based on various factors, including the cell type, developmental stage, and environmental conditions. This means that while all cells in a plant contain the same genetic information (the same genes), different cells will express different subsets of those genes at different times. This regulation is crucial for the proper functioning and development of the plant. When a green plant is exposed to red light, much of the red light is absorbed, but some is also reflected back. The reflected red light, along with any blue light reflected from other parts of the plant, can be perceived by our eyes as purple. Carotenoids absorb light in blue-green region of the visible spectrum, complementing chlorophyll's absorption in the red region. They safeguard the photosynthetic machinery from excessive light by activating singlet oxygen, an oxidant formed during photosynthesis. Carotenoids also quench triplet chlorophyll, which can negatively affect photosynthesis, and scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can damage cellular proteins. Additionally, carotenoid derivatives signal plant development and responses to environmental cues. They serve as precursors for the biosynthesis of phytohormones such as abscisic acid () and strigolactones (SLs). These pigments are responsible for the orange, red, and yellow hues of fruits and vegetables, while acting as free scavengers to protect plants during photosynthesis. Singlet oxygen (¹O₂) is an electronically excited state of molecular oxygen (O₂). Singlet oxygen is produced as a byproduct during photosynthesis, primarily within the photosystem II (PSII) reaction center and light-harvesting antenna complex. This occurs when excess energy from excited chlorophyll molecules is transferred to molecular oxygen. While singlet oxygen can cause oxidative damage, plants have mechanisms to manage its production and mitigate its harmful effects. Singlet oxygen (¹O₂) is considered a reactive oxygen species (ROS). It's a form of oxygen with higher energy and reactivity compared to the more common triplet oxygen found in its ground state. Singlet oxygen is generated both in biological systems, such as during photosynthesis in plants, and in cellular processes, and through chemical and photochemical reactions. While singlet oxygen is a ROS, it's important to note that it differs from other ROS like superoxide (O₂⁻), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), and hydroxyl radicals (OH) in its formation, reactivity, and specific biological roles. Non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) protects plants from damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) by dissipating excess light energy as heat. This process reduces the overexcitation of photosynthetic pigments, which can lead to the production of ROS, thus mitigating the potential for photodamage. Zeaxanthin, a carotenoid pigment, plays a crucial role in photoprotection in plants by both enhancing non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS). In high-light conditions, zeaxanthin is synthesized from violaxanthin through the xanthophyll cycle, and this zeaxanthin then facilitates heat dissipation of excess light energy (NPQ) and quenches harmful ROS. The Issue of Singlet Oxygen!! ROS Formation: Blue light, with its higher energy photons, can promote the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), including singlet oxygen, within the plant. Potential Damage: High levels of ROS can damage cellular components, including proteins, lipids, and DNA, potentially impacting plant health and productivity. Balancing Act: A balanced spectrum of light, including both blue and red light, is crucial for mitigating the harmful effects of excessive blue light and promoting optimal plant growth and stress tolerance. The Importance of Red Light: Red light (especially far-red) can help to mitigate the negative effects of excessive blue light by: Balancing the Photoreceptor Response: Red light can influence the activity of photoreceptors like phytochrome, which are involved in regulating plant responses to different light wavelengths. Enhancing Antioxidant Production: Red and blue light can stimulate the production of antioxidants, which help to neutralize ROS and protect the plant from oxidative damage. Optimizing Photosynthesis: Red light is efficiently used in photosynthesis, and its combination with blue light can lead to increased photosynthetic efficiency and biomass production. In controlled environments like greenhouses and vertical farms, optimizing the ratio of blue and red light is a key strategy for promoting healthy plant growth and yield. Understanding the interplay between blue light signaling, ROS production, and antioxidant defense mechanisms can inform breeding programs and biotechnological interventions aimed at improving plant stress resistance. In summary, while blue light is essential for plant development and photosynthesis, it's crucial to balance it with other light wavelengths, particularly red light, to prevent excessive ROS formation and promote overall plant health. Oxidative damage in plants occurs when there's an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the plant's ability to neutralize them, leading to cellular damage. This imbalance, known as oxidative stress, can result from various environmental stressors, affecting plant growth, development, and overall productivity. Causes of Oxidative Damage: Abiotic stresses: These include extreme temperatures (heat and cold), drought, salinity, heavy metal toxicity, and excessive light. Biotic stresses: Pathogen attacks and insect infestations can also trigger oxidative stress. Metabolic processes: Normal cellular activities, particularly in chloroplasts, mitochondria, and peroxisomes, can generate ROS as byproducts. Certain chlorophyll biosynthesis intermediates can produce singlet oxygen (1O2), a potent ROS, leading to oxidative damage. ROS can damage lipids (lipid peroxidation), proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids (DNA). Oxidative stress can compromise the integrity of cell membranes, affecting their function and permeability. Oxidative damage can interfere with essential cellular functions, including photosynthesis, respiration, and signal transduction. In severe cases, oxidative stress can trigger programmed cell death (apoptosis). Oxidative damage can lead to stunted growth, reduced biomass, and lower crop yields. Plants have evolved intricate antioxidant defense systems to counteract oxidative stress. These include: Enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and various peroxidases scavenge ROS and neutralize their damaging effects. Antioxidant molecules like glutathione, ascorbic acid (vitamin C), C60 fullerene, and carotenoids directly neutralize ROS. Developing plant varieties with gene expression focused on enhanced antioxidant capacity and stress tolerance is crucial. Optimizing irrigation, fertilization, and other management practices can help minimize stress and oxidative damage. Applying antioxidant compounds or elicitors can help plants cope with oxidative stress. Introducing genes for enhanced antioxidant enzymes or stress-related proteins over generations. Phytohormones, also known as plant hormones, are a group of naturally occurring organic compounds that regulate plant growth, development, and various physiological processes. The five major classes of phytohormones are: auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, ethylene, and abscisic acid. In addition to these, other phytohormones like brassinosteroids, jasmonates, and salicylates also play significant roles. Here's a breakdown of the key phytohormones: Auxins: Primarily involved in cell elongation, root initiation, and apical dominance. Gibberellins: Promote stem elongation, seed germination, and flowering. Cytokinins: Stimulate cell division and differentiation, and delay leaf senescence. Ethylene: Regulates fruit ripening, leaf abscission, and senescence. Abscisic acid (ABA): Plays a role in seed dormancy, stomatal closure, and stress responses. Brassinosteroids: Involved in cell elongation, division, and stress responses. Jasmonates: Regulate plant defense against pathogens and herbivores, as well as other processes. Salicylic acid: Plays a role in plant defense against pathogens. 1. Red and Far-Red Light (Phytochromes): Red light: Primarily activates the phytochrome system, converting it to its active form (Pfr), which promotes processes like stem elongation and flowering. Far-red light: Inhibits the phytochrome system by converting the active Pfr form back to the inactive Pr form. This can trigger shade avoidance responses and inhibit germination. Phytohormones: Red and far-red light regulate phytohormones like auxin and gibberellins, which are involved in stem elongation and other growth processes. 2. Blue Light (Cryptochromes and Phototropins): Blue light: Activates cryptochromes and phototropins, which are involved in various processes like stomatal opening, seedling de-etiolation, and phototropism (growth towards light). Phytohormones: Blue light affects auxin levels, influencing stem growth, and also impacts other phytohormones involved in these processes. Example: Blue light can promote vegetative growth and can interact with red light to promote flowering. 3. UV-B Light (UV-B Receptors): UV-B light: Perceived by UVR8 receptors, it can affect plant growth and development and has roles in stress responses, like UV protection. Phytohormones: UV-B light can influence phytohormones involved in stress responses, potentially affecting growth and development. 4. Other Colors: Green light: Plants are generally less sensitive to green light, as chlorophyll reflects it. Other wavelengths: While less studied, other wavelengths can also influence plant growth and development through interactions with different photoreceptors and phytohormones. Key Points: Cross-Signaling: Plants often experience a mix of light wavelengths, leading to complex interactions between different photoreceptors and phytohormones. Species Variability: The precise effects of light color on phytohormones can vary between different plant species. Hormonal Interactions: Phytohormones don't act in isolation; their interactions and interplay with other phytohormones and environmental signals are critical for plant responses. The spectral ratio of light (the composition of different colors of light) significantly influences a plant's hormonal balance. Different wavelengths of light are perceived by specific photoreceptors in plants, which in turn regulate the production and activity of various plant hormones (phytohormones). These hormones then control a wide range of developmental processes.