Green light is radiation with wavelengths between 520 and 560 nm and it affects photosynthesis, plant height, and flowering. Plants reflect green light and this is why they appear green to our eyes. As a result, some growers think that plants don’t use green wavelengths, but they actually do! In fact, only around 5 – 10% of green light is reflected from leaves and the rest (90 – 95 %) is absorbed or transmitted to lower leaves [1]. Green wavelengths get used in photosynthesis. Chlorophyll pigments absorb small amounts of green wavelengths. Light that doesn’t get absorbed is transmitted to leaves that are shaded out from direct light. This means that leaves at the bottom of the canopy get more green light than leaves at the top. A high proportion of green wavelengths compared to other colors tells lower leaves that they are being shaded out, so they are able to react accordingly. Lower leaves may react by opening or closing their stomata or growing longer stems that help the leaves reach brighter light [1, 2, 3]. When it comes to growing cannabis, many cultivators are interested in the quality of light used for the flowering stage. In many plants, flowering is regulated by two main photoreceptors: cryptochrome and phytochrome. Both photoreceptors primarily respond to blue light but can also respond to green, although to a lesser extent. Green can accelerate the start of flowering in several species (although cannabis has yet to be tested) [1, 4, 5]. However, once flowering has begun, it’s important to provide plants with a “full spectrum” light that has high amounts of blue and red light, and moderate amounts of green, in order for photosynthesis to be optimized. Green light mediates seed germination in some species. Seeds use green wavelengths to decide whether the environment is good for germination. Shade environments are enriched in green relative to red and blue light, so a plant can tell if it is shady or sunny. A seed that senses a shaded environment may stay dormant to avoid poor growing conditions [1]. Some examples of plant species where researchers have documented this response are: ryegrass (a grass that grows in tufts) and Chondrilla (a plant related to dandelion) [1, 6]. Although green wavelengths generally tell plants NOT to germinate, there are some exceptions! Surprisingly, green wavelengths can stimulate seed germination in some species like Aeschynomene, Tephrosia, Solidago, Cyrtopodium, and Atriplex [1, 6, 7]. Of course, light is not the only factor affecting seed germination – it’s a combination of many factors, such as soil moisture, soil type, temperature, photoperiod, and light quality. When combined with red and blue light, green can really enhance plant growth [1, 8]. However, too much green light (more than 50% of the total light) can actually reduce plant growth [8]. Based on the most current research, the ideal ratio of green, red, and blue light is thought to be around 1:2:1 for green:blue:red [9]. When choosing a horticultural light, choose one that has high amounts of blue and red light and moderate amounts of green and other colors of light. Not many studies can be found about the effect of green light on cannabis growth or metabolism. However, if one reads carefully, there are clues and data available even from the very early papers. Mahlberg and Hemphill (1983) used colored filters in their study to alter the sunlight spectrum and study green light among others. They concluded that the green filter, which makes the environment green by cutting other wavelengths out, reduced the THC concentration significantly compared to the daylight control treatment. It has been demonstrated that green color can reduce secondary metabolite activity with other species as well. For example, the addition of green to a light spectrum decreases anthocyanin concentration in lettuce (Zhang and Folta 2012). If green light only reverses the biosynthesis of some secondary metabolites, then why put green light into a growth spectrum at all? Well, there are a couple of good reasons. One is that green penetrates leaf layers effectively. Conversely red and blue light is almost completely absorbed by the first leaf layer. Green travels through the first, second, and even third layers effectively (Figure 2). Lower leaf layers can utilize green light in photosynthesis and therefore produce yields as well. Even though a green light-specific photoreceptor has not yet been found, it is known that green light has effects independent from the cryptochrome but then again, also cryptochrome-dependent ones, just like blue light. It is known that green light in low light intensity conditions can enhance far red stimulating secondary metabolite production in microgreens and then again, counteracts the production of these compounds in high-intensity light conditions (Kim et al. 2004). In many cases, green light promoted physiological changes in plants that are opposite to the actions of blue light. In the study by Kim et al. blue light-induced anthocyanin accumulation was inhibited by green light. In another study it has been found that blue light promotes stomatal opening whereas green light promotes stomatal closure (Frechilla et al. 2000). Blue light inhibits the early stem elongation in the seedling stage whereas green light promotes it (Folta 2004). Also, blue light results in flowering induction, and green light inhibits it (Banerjee et al., 2007). As you can see, green light works very closely with blue light, and therefore not only the amount of these two wavelengths separately is important but also the ratio (Blue: Green) between these two in the designed spectrum. Furthermore, green light has been found to affect the elongation of petioles and upward leaf reorientation with the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana both of which are a sign of shade avoidance symptoms (Zhang et al. 2011) and also gene expression in the same plant (Dhingra et al. 2006). As mentioned before, green light produces shade avoidance symptoms which are quite intuitive if you consider the natural conditions where the plants grow. Not all the green light is reflected from the highest canopy leaves in nature but a lot of it (50-90%) has been estimated to penetrate the upper leaves at the plant level ((Terashima et al., 2009; Nishio, 2000). For the plant growing in the understory of the forest green light is a signal for the plant of being in the shade of a bigger plant. Then again, the plants growing under unobstructed sunlight can take advantage of the green photons that can more easily penetrate the upper leaves than the red and blue photons. From the photosynthetic pigments in higher plants, chlorophyll is crucial for plant growth. Dissolved chlorophyll and absorb maximally in the red (λ600–700 nm) and blue (λ400–500 nm) regions of the spectrum and not as easily in the green (λ500–600 nm) regions. Up to 80% of all green light is thought to be transmitted through the chloroplast (Terashima et al., 2009) and this allows more green photons to pass deeper into the leaf mesophyll layer than red and blue photons. When the green light is scattered in the vertical leaf profile its journey is lengthened and therefore photons have a higher chance of hitting and being absorbed by chloroplasts on their passage through the leaf to the lower leaves of the plant. Photons of PPFD (photosynthetic photon flux density) are captured by chlorophyll causing an excitation of an electron to enter a higher energy state in which the energy is immediately passed on to the neighboring chlorophyll molecule by resonance transfer or released to the electron transport chain (PSII and PSI). Despite the low extinction coefficient of chlorophyll in the green 500–600 nm region it needs to be noted that the absorbance can be significant if the pigment (chlorophyll) concentration in the leaf is high enough. The research available clearly shows that plants use green wavelengths to promote higher biomass and yield (photosynthetic activity), and that it is a crucial signal for long-term developmental and short-term dynamic acclimation (Blue:Green ratio) to the environment. It should not be dismissed but studied more because it brings more opportunities to control plant gene expression and physiology in plant production. REFERENCES Banerjee R., Schleicher E., Meier S. Viana R. M., Pokorny R., Ahmad M., Bittl R., Batschauer. 2007. The signaling state of Arabidopsis cryptochrome 2 contains flavin semiquinone. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 282, 14916–14922. Dhingra, A., Bies, D. H., Lehner, K. R., and Folta, K. M. 2006. Green light adjusts the plastic transcriptome during early photomorphogenic development. Plant Physiol. 142, 1256-1266. Folta, K. M. 2004. Green light stimulates early stem elongation, antagonizing light-mediated growth inhibition. Plant Physiol. 135, 1407-1416. Frechilla, S., Talbott, L. D., Bogomolmi, R. A., and Zeiger, E. 2000. Reversal of blue light -stimulated stomatal opening by green light. Plant Cell Physiol. 41, 171-176. Kim, H.H., Goins, G. D., Wheeler, R. M., and Sager, J. C. 2004.Green-light supplementation for enhanced lettuce growth under red- and blue-light emitting diodes. HortScience 39, 1617-1622. Nishio, J.N. 2000. Why are higher plants green? Evolution of the higher plant photosynthetic pigment complement. Plant Cell and Environment 23, 539–548. Terashima I., Fujita T., Inoue T., Chow W.S., Oguchi R. 2009. Green light drives leaf photosynthesis more efficiently than red light in strong white light: revisiting the enigmatic question of why leaves are green. Plant & Cell Physiology 50, 684–697. Zhang, T., Maruhnich, S. A., and Folta, K. M. 2011. Green light induces shade avoidance symptoms. Plant Physiol. 157, 1528-156. Wang, Y. & Folta, K. M. Contributions of green light to plant growth and development. Am. J. Bot. 100, 70–78 (2013). Zhang, T. & Folta, K. M. Green light signaling and adaptive response. Plant Signal. Behav. 7, 75–78 (2012). Johkan, M. et al. Blue light-emitting diode light irradiation of seedlings improves seedling quality and growth after transplanting in red leaf lettuce. HortScience 45, 1809–1814 (2010). Kasajima, S., et al. Effect of Light Quality on Developmental Rate of Wheat under Continuous Light at a Constant Temperature. Plant Prod. Sci. 10, 286–291 (2007). Banerjee, R. et al. The signaling state of Arabidopsis cryptochrome 2 contains flavin semiquinone. J. Biol. Chem. 282, 14916–14922 (2007). Goggin, D. E. & Steadman, K. J. Blue and green are frequently seen: responses of seeds to short- and mid-wavelength light. Seed Sci. Res. 22, 27–35 (2012). Mandák, B. & Pyšek, P. The effects of light quality, nitrate concentration and presence of bracteoles on germination of different fruit types in the heterocarpous Atriplex sagittata. J. Ecol. 89, 149–158 (2001). Darko, E. et al. Photosynthesis under artificial light: the shift in primary and secondary metabolism. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci. 369 (2014). Lu, N. et al. Effects of Supplemental Lighting with Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs) on Tomato Yield and Quality of Single-Truss Tomato Plants Grown at High Planting Density. Environ. Control Biol. 50, 63–74 (2012).

This week the buds have fatten up some more and the production of thc was clearly visible in the trichomes. On the last day of this week I did a check and I saw a lot of them where turning cloudy, half cloudy with a few amber ones. I guess another 2 weeks at max and I'll be harvesting. The fungus gnats where a real pest during this run. So I've placed a drosera capensis(carnivorious plant) in the growroom and she hasn't eaten this much since I got here a year ago. Should have done this weeks ago... This weeks menu for the Pineapples: Day 1 → Each 1250 ml (0.33 gallon) tapwater with Plagron nutrients (see above for which and how much) Day 2 → Dry Day 3 → Each 1250 ml (0.33 gallon) ph adjusted tapwater (ec 0.48– ph 6.6) Day 4 → Dry Day 5 → Each 1250 ml (0.33 gallon) tapwater with Plagron nutrients. 16 ml Terra Bloom, 4 ml Sugar Royal, 4ml Power Buds and 4 ml Green Sensation was added to 5 liter (1.32 gallon) of tapwater (ec 1.77 – ph 6.6) Day 6 → Dry Day 7 → Each 1250 ml (0.33 gallon) ph adjusted tapwater (ec 0.46– ph 6.5) The cobs are now at 45 cm (17.7 inch) with 320 watt → DLI 43/PPFD 995 This will be the maximum power for this run. Temperatures fluctuated between 20.3 – 29.8 °C (68.5 – 85.6 °F) and humidity levels between 43 – 69% Till next week! Do you want to grow this strain? 👉 https://www.barneysfarm.us/pineapple-chunk-weed-strain-15 👈

This is a beautiful plant! I tied the main shoots to spread it out and allow the undergrowth more light. Very happy with the progress so far! Happy growing everyone!

I’ll update once dry0

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9/8/2024 day 1 of veg. looking happy and healthy. im dealing with fungus gnats from other plants in the tent. i think the peat pellet wrapping is keeping them from damaging the young roots at the moment. im using diatomaceous earth in an attempt to keep them at bay. 9/11 day 4 theyre starting to show small differences. excited to see where these 9/12 so far im noticing one plant that stands out from the rest. she has longer petioles than the rest and seems taller and lankier. its still early on though so hard to say anything yet for

High humidity and high temperature variation can cause mold and mildew. Healthy plant and high ventilation prevent the problem!

Harter ritt diese Dame , alles viel zu schwer das es gleich umknickte beim defolieren . Hab mal ein getrockneten Bud aus der mitte genommen und Trichom analyse (Videos und Bilder) gemacht . ja viel klar wenig milchig und einige rot . Ergo , zuviel Licht an der Spitze (abstand zum licht viel zu gering) und im Boden zu kalt ist keine gute Kombination .

Shes Excellency the Future #1®️ The buds are normal density, has the smell and aroma of grapes, is very sugary and sticky After drying I will add pictures and comment on the effect This breed of Anesia is a true masterpiece💚

Actual day 37 flowering today : After a screw up on weeks and missing 1 totally !!!. I am now on track correctly The Gorilla girls continue to be amazing and look beautiful close up. Buds are so sokid and heavy too. her smell is so candy/fruity and they are starting their second burst now. I am looking forward to sampling these ladies so much.

* Buds progressing good, no deficiencies except stomper #1 with burn tips , no stretch except stomper #3 the stressed one ( 👈 check week 3), SODK looking good 5 days later though. * LST stopped at day 35 ,🔅 lights still 24/7. Temps steady at 25 c° and humidity 50-60%. * Day 39 watering 1l /pot with active vera, EMs and co2 tablet. 🔅Lights 20h -> Days 38-39 Trying to control VPD, maybe 🤔 transpiration in the lasts weeks wasn't on good levels and missed some stretch.!? We ll try to understand what we missed or it's just the genetics under these circumstances! ⚠️ So Day 42 end of week 6, had low temps and high humidity later this week. As we cant check the grow tent all day except few hours per day we've missed some highs and lows of the temps and humidity but overall we were ok. After looking closely back in the dairy infos and the signs of the plants, the overall progress, our rich soil composition, early bloom phase etc, 🔜 We came out with some interesting thoughts to share with you about our meph heads organic try, stay tuned at the next update ( 1st update of week 7)⚠️ Last update--> Day 42 🔚

ATHENA NUTRIENTS dwc

Week 3 and these clones are looking very green with lots of new growth.

Harvested at end of twelve weeks, At week 11 the trichomes were 95% milky with 60% orange pistils. Appearance of Plant: Short and Sturdy with Thick Leaves Appearance of buds: Big & Dense Density of Buds: 10/10 Resin: 8/10 Dry Time and Cure for Smoke Report: 7 days at 55% Humidity // Temp: 71° Smoke Report: The smoke is really smooth that hit you instantly with a head high. Use cautiously as its quite strong if used in bigger dosage. I feel alert and can take on any project I have on the go at the time. Good for day time and also to relax at night. Pros of growing this strain: - Short and dense. Can be grown anywhere (very discreet) - Would be great for SOG - Fast and easy to trim barely any leaves on the flowers Cons: - Small yield - Very Short plant (needed to raise the plant to keep it levelled with other plants

My Sticky Rice plant is still quite small and hasn't shown a ton of growth yet. It's definitely the runt of the litter, but I'm hoping it'll pick up soon and fill in some of that extra space in the tent. Fingers crossed! Okay, This past week has been absolutely fantastic! The weather has been incredible, and I've been able to keep the windows open almost the entire time. My plants are thriving in the humidity, and the VPD has been perfect. Everything just feels so balanced and in check.

Top leaves are turning yellow probably due to excess light and heat. Temperatures are very high above 30oC in southeastern Brazil. I increased the lighting distance 30cm from the top. QB LM301H 120W

Day 69. She’s is coming along amazing. Got her ph under control she is in her bulking phase the pistols are just now turning amber. She’s beautiful. I’m very pleased with her. Can’t wait to grow the others. Really excited to she her progress.

i did a light defoliation on fan leaves to free up some bud sites i have only been doing this for some 8months or so but it feels like second nature but i am surprised how my first batch came out but anyways theses are the clones off of my first photoperiods so i feel like im getting shit done lmao but anyways these will stay in veg until there mothers finish with flowers i did a light water today with 5ml of cal-mag and 2ml of fox farm root drench and 2ml of microbe brew im still trying to figure it out not sure when to kick them into flower trying to make this a Perpetual Grow ya digg!!!

Put the net up 2 ladys go faster then my tent can handle ......