Yellow and brown spots on leaves in autoflower cannabis plants can come from a variety of causes. Given your setup and feeding approach, here are the most likely causes and how to check them:
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1. Nutrient Deficiency (Underfeeding)
You mentioned using half the recommended dose of nutrients — while cautious feeding is smart for autos, it can lead to deficiencies, especially in calcium, magnesium, nitrogen, or potassium.
Calcium deficiency: Brown spots, often on newer growth.
Magnesium deficiency: Yellowing between veins (interveinal chlorosis), sometimes rusty spots.
Potassium deficiency: Yellowing edges, brown tips or spots.
Nitrogen deficiency: Older leaves turn yellow and may drop off.
What to do:
Try increasing nutrients slightly to 75% of recommended dose, especially Cal-Mag if not already included.
Make sure you're feeding with a balanced nutrient mix for autos.
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2. pH Imbalance
Peat-based soils can be acidic, and if pH is off, nutrients can be locked out even if present.
Cannabis prefers a soil pH of 6.0 to 6.5.
If it's too acidic or alkaline, nutrient uptake is reduced.
What to do:
Test runoff pH with a cheap pH meter or test kit.
If it's out of range, flush with pH-balanced water and correct accordingly.
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3. Overwatering / Poor Drainage
Even with perlite and clay, peat holds water, and overwatering can cause root issues, leading to leaf discoloration.
Symptoms: droopy plants, yellowing, or spotty leaves.
What to do:
Let the top inch of soil dry before watering again.
Ensure containers have good drainage.
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4. Light Burn or Heat Stress
If yellow/brown spots are on upper leaves or directly under lights, it could be light burn.
What to do:
Check distance from light to canopy.
Ensure good airflow and temp below 28°C (82°F).
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Summary:
Start by checking:
Runoff pH
Nutrient dosage, especially Cal-Mag
Watering habits
Light distance