Mastering Photoperiod Cannabis: A Complete Guide to Strains, Benefits, and Growing Tips

Cannabis strains come in two types — Photoperiod and Autoflowers, and if you haven't tried photoperiods, it's time to try them now! Sure, there are some challenges, but they are worth every single penny you spend. 

Plus, it's 2025, and with a new year comes new resolutions. This year, why not add "try these awesome cannabis strains" to your list, too? 

The cannabis world is constantly evolving, and 2025 is shaping up to be an exciting year for cannabis enthusiasts. From legendary classics to exciting new discoveries, there are some truly exceptional strains out there waiting to be explored. 

In this article, we will discuss everything you need to know about photoperiod strains and also list six amazing strains you should try today!

Photoperiod Strains

Rather than blindly going for photoperiods, it might be useful to understand how they differ from autoflowers to help you make a better decision. 

Benefits of Growing Photoperiod Strains

• Higher Yields

Photoperiod cannabis plants produce more than autoflowering cannabis plants. Because of their longer growth cycles, they develop stronger structures and thicker buds, making them ideal for maximum harvest.

Compared to autos, photoperiod strains are generally bigger and develop a larger system of roots, so you can expect more branches and leaves as well. In addition, when a plant spends more time during the vegetative growth of its life cycle, it gains extra weight. As a result, it has larger buds. The overall yield per plant increases too. Plants reaching full maturity before switching into flowering yield larger harvests, so photoperiod strains appeal to commercial growers or those looking to maximize yield.

• Control Over Growth 

With photoperiod strains, you can better control the plant's growing cycle compared to autoflowers. Manipulating light cycles (18 hours in the vegetative stage, 12 hours in the flowering stage) gives you more control over when your plants switch from their vegetative growth to flowering. Naturally, many growers give their plants ample time to develop bigger roots and an extensive system before they shift to flowering as it equates to more yields. 

• Diverse Strain Selection

Photoperiod strains have a wider genetic pool, meaning they come with a vast selection of tastes, effects, and cannabinoid combinations. You can find many types of photoperiod strains, whether you prefer higher THC or a more balanced CBD. Also, most growers argue that they are tastier and stronger than autoflowers. Thanks to their longer growing cycle, cannabinoids and terpenes develop at an enhanced rate that ultimately improves the quality. 

• Adaptability to Training Techniques

Photoperiod cannabis strains are very responsive to various training techniques such as topping to promote lateral growth, Low-Stress Training (LST) to bend and tie down branches, and the Screen of Green (ScrOG) method to promote an even canopy that can significantly improve yield and quality. These methods promote a healthier overall plant by allowing more light into the lower branches to initiate budding and create a more even structure. By employing these techniques you can maximize yield and improve light penetration, which means you're using your resources to their maximum potential.

• Different Cannabinoid and Terpene Profiles

One great benefit of photoperiod strains is that they will develop a much more sophisticated cannabinoid and terpene profile. Because of the longer growth cycle and flowering time, these plants have more time to mature and accumulate cannabinoids like THC, CBD, and other minor cannabinoids. And, thanks to this prolonged growth, it also enables the plants to develop richer terpenes, giving the strain a better aroma. Sure, it takes longer to harvest, but the plant has broader and more complex flavors that offer different experiences. If you don't mind waiting a little more and value the flavor of the strains, you should go for photoperiods. 

• Genetic Variety

One of the big benefits of photoperiod cannabis strains is their different genetic varieties. Photoperiod strains give you lots of options for effects, growth, and cannabinoids in a way that autoflowering strains do not because the genetic line is more limited in this case. Whether you want to grow a strain that relaxes and sedates (like an indica) or want an uplifting and energizing effect (like sativas), photoperiod cannabis strains have options. There is also variety in the growing characteristics; some strains do better indoors, some outdoors, and some are more resilient against pests or environmental stresses like excessive heat. 

In a nutshell, it's safe that photoperiods are better for those who want to maximize their harvest, control their growing environment, and experiment with different effects and flavors. 

Disadvantages of Photoperiod Cannabis Strains

• Requires Precise Light Management

Photoperiod cannabis strains need a precise light cycle to thrive, which can be tricky to keep up with. To flower, these plants need an exact 12/12 light schedule. Any disturbances like light leaks can cause stress to the plants, leading to undesirable outcomes such as hermies (development of male and female sex organs). When there's not enough light, plants are triggered to produce seeds instead of high-quality buds. The result is that you harvest buds that are significantly less potent. Even minor changes in the light schedule (like a light blinking inside your grow room or a missed timer) can stress your plant out and limit its growth.

• Longer Growing Times

Photoperiod cannabis strains usually have longer overall growing cycles than autoflowering strains. Depending on the strain, they can take anywhere from 3–6 months from seed to harvest. The grower may keep the plant in the vegetative stage for several weeks to months, followed by a flowering stage that lasts 8–12 weeks or longer. 

So, if you're looking for quick results, you may want to look at autoflowers. Also, longer growing periods will mean that the plants require more care, attention, and resources like nutrients, water, and pest control throughout their entire growth cycle. This makes it a much more intensive process than with autoflowers, which can be harvested much sooner.

But, that said, you can also go for another type of photoperiod known as fast flowering strains. You can grow them just like photoperiod strains but they flower much faster in just 8-9 weeks like autoflowers. However, they won't yield as much as regular photoperiod strains. 

• Higher Resource Costs

Growing photoperiod strains can cost more in terms of resources due to longer growing periods and environmental control. First of all, growers will need to provide more nutrients, water, and more care throughout the entire life of the plant because of the longer vegetative period. Also, you will need to pay for equipment like blackout curtains to avoid light from spilling into the grow room during the dark period. Due to these additional expenses, the cost of growing photoperiod strains is actually higher than growing autoflowering strains, which are less resource-hungry and faster to harvest. 

So, as you can see, photoperiod cannabis strains are useful for enhancing yield, flavor, and genetic selection. But they also present their share of challenges. Many growers feel the benefits outweigh these factors but it totally depends on what you want to do. 

Autoflower Strains

To appreciate the benefits of photoperiod strains, it's best to understand a little bit about autoflowers as well. After all, you'll be able to grow the best strains after comparing the two. 

Benefits of Autoflower Cannabis Strains

• Fast Growing Cycles

One of the main advantages of autoflowering cannabis strains is their speed. You can harvest these plants between 8-12 weeks after planting the seeds, which is much faster than photoperiod strains that take significant time to grow. Suffice it to say that they are the ideal choice for cultivators looking to grow several crops in a single year. This is especially advantageous for those growing in regions with shorter growing seasons as autoflowers can develop and be harvested before bad weather strikes. Moreover, speedier growing cycles translate to less maintenance time, enhancing the efficiency of the growing process.

• Easy to Grow

Autoflowering cannabis strains are easy to grow for beginners since you don't have to change light cycles to make them flower. They aren't controlled by the light schedule like photoperiod plants. What this means is that, unlike photoperiod plants, autoflowers will automatically switch from the veg phase to the flowering phase after a certain amount of time. Usually, this happens after 3-4 weeks from seed. Because of this, there's less demand for light cycle management and no need for grow lights with timers and blackout curtains! Many growers prefer autoflowers because they are easier to cultivate and even new growers can focus on the other aspects of growing such as nutrient levels, watering, and pest issues, instead of obsessing over the light cycle.

• Resilient and Hardy

Growers who may not be able to completely control the growing environment will be very happy about autoflowers as they can withstand a wider range of environmental conditions, including temperature changes, humidity differences, and nutrient deficiencies. Because they perform well even in adverse conditions, autoflower strains are a safe bet for growers with fewer resources or in tricky outdoor weather. However, you have to be careful and take care of them properly. We will discuss this in the cons section. 

• Space-Efficient

Autoflower cannabis plants tend to be smaller than photoperiod cannabis plants. People who don't have enough space to grow can indeed go for autoflowers. You can also grow them in a small indoor grow tent. 

Outdoors, if you grow behind a fence, autoflowers can be very discreet, but since cannabis plants are usually detected due to their aroma rather than the plant itself, this point is moot. In any case, whether you grow indoors or outdoors, you can maximize the yield per square foot as you can grow multiple plants and harvest them many times too. Due to their compact size, they will also require less vertical height, which means they'll be perfect for growers who want to work within limited height or want to grow in height-restricted areas.

• Cost-Effective

Growing autoflowering cannabis strains is easy, natural, and takes less time than the traditional method. Because of its fast cycle, growers use less energy, water, and nutrients resulting in lower operational costs. In short, autoflowers are a cost-efficient option as they spend less time in vegetative and can be harvested quickly. Also, they require fewer inputs for plant health because of their sturdiness. Commercial growers can also gain more cycles per year with the fast turnover, making them a lucrative option, especially when compared to photoperiods, but photoperiods make up for this with their yields. 

Drawbacks of Autoflowering Cannabis

• Tricky at times

Yes, we mentioned that these plants are resilient, hardy, and forgiving. However, even small mistakes at the beginning of their life cycle can render the plants useless. For instance, many growers commit a few mistakes during the seedling phase, whether it's the pH or over-feeding nutrients. While photoperiod plants will bounce back from such mistakes after a while, autoflowers may not be able to recover and you may end up with little to no yields at all. Thus, be very careful during the seedling phase and make sure the plants don't get stunted. 

• Lower Yields

Autoflowers are compact in size and you can even grow them in closets. Yes, there are many autos now that are really big but they won't be monstrous like photoperiods. For instance, an XXL Auto won't be as big as an XXL Photoperiod. 

Thus, they will yield a little less than photoperiods, which means they shouldn't be the first choice if you're focused entirely on yields. And, although autoflowers can produce strong, quality buds, the amount per plant is often less than a photoperiod strain.

• Less Control Over Growth

Autoflowers don't offer as much control over their growth as photoperiods as they start flowering automatically after a certain period. Because of this, you cannot lengthen the vegetative phase to grow bigger plants or more branches. This limitation can be tough because professional growers may want to adjust the growing stages for the best yield. For instance, you can't keep the plant in the vegetative stage for longer to make it bigger before the flowering stage. This limits the ability to customize the size and shape of the plants for a better harvest.

• Limited Response to Training

Autoflowering cannabis plants don't respond very well to high-stress training like topping where you clip the top of the main stem to create lateral growth. Due to the shorter life cycle of these plants, extra stress can affect their growth or simply stop their development. However, you will have good success with Low-Stress training or LST as the plants won't be stressed too much. 

• Simpler Cannabinoid Profiles

Autoflowering cannabis plants are simpler than photoperiod ones when it comes to cannabinoid and terpene terpenes. Since their growth cycles are shorter, there isn't as much time for the plant to fully mature and develop complex cannabinoid and terpene profiles. This can produce weed with less depth in taste and potency, which may or may not appeal to cannabis enthusiasts who seek rich and varied flavors. Make no mistake — autoflowers will still produce potent buds with enjoyable effects, but some people believe that they don't produce the same variety or complexity of experiences offered by photoperiod strains.

• Genetic Variety

Though the selection of autoflower genetics has grown in recent years, they are still a little limited compared to photoperiods. Autoflowering strains are usually bred from cannabis sativa or indica plants and ruderalis — a cannabis subspecies that automatically flowers without having to rely on the light cycle. Because of this genetic limitation, autoflowers sometimes have less diversity when it comes to effects, flavors, and growth characteristics than photoperiod varieties. While many strains are certainly becoming more potent now, the set of available genetics isn't as broad and may be more restrictive to certain growers.

To sum up, autoflower strains are quick, easy to grow, and require fewer resources. However, they come with a catch — their yields are lower as is their control over how they grow and their genetic diversity. When deciding whether autoflowers or photoperiods will help you reach your growing goals, consider the above factors carefully.

Factors to Consider When Choosing a Photoperiod Strain

1. Yield Potential

Yield potential is important when choosing a photoperiod strain as different strains produce different quantities of buds due to their genetics and growth characteristics. At the end of the day, you could go for something that will suit even commercial cultivation like Critical Mass or Big Bud. However, remember to select a strain that fits your growing space since smaller setups may be better off with shorter strains that produce average yield.

2. Flowering Time

You should be aware of the strain's flowering time to determine how long it takes to mature and produce blooms. Strains that flower quicker than the others will be ideal if you live in an area with a short growing season. However, you don't have to worry about this if you plan to grow indoors. 

On the other hand, long flowering strains are typically Sativa-dominant and can take anywhere from 10–14 weeks to flower. They reward patience with potent buds of high quality. Amnesia Haze and Durban Poison are two examples in this category.

3. THC/CBD Ratios

A strain's effects and medical benefits are significantly influenced by its cannabinoid profile.

Recreational cannabis users prefer high THC strains because they produce feelings of euphoria. For example, Blue Dream and Gorilla Glue are pretty famous for their THC content. 

High-CBD strains are best for medicinal purposes and are effective for pain, anxiety, and inflammation relief with no narcotic effects. For instance, Charlotte's Web, ACDC, and Cannatonic are some strains that produce wonderful effects.

4. Taste and Smell Characteristics

Terpenes enhance the taste and smell of cannabis and, in turn, enrich your experience. Citrus strains or those with lots of limonene usually help to uplift your mood whereas earthy and spicy strains with myrcene or caryophyllene can provide relaxing effects. OG Kush and Girl Scout Cookies are a few examples. Also, complex strains such as Gelato and Zkittlez offer unique combinations of terpenes that create an unforgettable experience.

So, how do you choose the right strain? Well, think about your goals. Are you growing for your personal use or do you intend to sell it? Then, take a look at the points mentioned above to choose something you like. Also, don't forget to check out growers' recommendations as they will help you figure out how a strain might perform before you grow it. 

Guidelines for Growing Photoperiod Strains

1. Managing Light Cycles

Photoperiod cannabis strains rely on specific light schedules to grow and transition between stages. During the vegetative stage, provide 18/6 (18 hours of light and 6 hours of dark) light for good growth. The plant will concentrate on its root, stem, and leaf development during this phase.

In the flowering stage, start a 12/12 light cycle for the plant to start flowering. Make sure it is completely dark during the dark period as any light leak can stress the plant. Use blackout curtains or a grow tent that will keep it completely dark for 12 hours and frequently check for light leaks.

Set timers to help with stable light cycles and avoid causing your plants too much stress. All this will work wonderfully indoors, but if you want to grow photoperiod strains outdoors, you must watch the natural photoperiod in your area. As the days get shorter during late summer and early fall, photoperiod plants will bloom.

2. Nutrient Requirements

Photoperiod strains require proper nutrition to reach their maximum potential. Therefore, focus on the NPK ratios of your fertilizers regardless of the growing stage. While the plants need more nitrogen during the vegetative stage, they will also need calcium, magnesium, sulfur, and other secondary nutrients that are important for your plants.

Similarly, they will need more phosphorus and potassium during the flowering stage, along with the micronutrients. Now, you're probably worried that all this sounds complicated but unless you're mixing the nutrients from scratch, you don't need to worry about changing the NPK values. Simply use fertilizers meant for their respective phases, and you'll be okay. 

In any case, don't overfeed the plants and always keep a close eye on the pH as most deficiencies occur when there's an imbalance in the pH. However, the problem is that pH issues and nutrient deficiencies exhibit similar symptoms many times so you might get confused. To avoid this, always take a look at the pH first and then proceed to identify any nutrient deficiency. 

Remember that although photoperiod strains take more time and care to grow, their quality and yield make it worthwhile. Make sure to check your plants regularly, keep records of feedings and environmental conditions, and take action when necessary.

Best Photoperiod Strains to Grow at Home

Finally, let's take a look at some of the best photoperiod strains you can grow today. 

1. Northern Lights #10

Northern Lights #10 is a legendary strain with a storied past. Bred in the Netherlands back in the late 70s, it comes from the iconic Northern Lights strain, adding a touch of Thai sativa and pure Afghani genetics to the mix.

This Indica-dominant strain delivers a deeply relaxing high that melts away stress and anxiety. It's no wonder it's a favorite among cannabis connoisseurs looking for a truly chill experience.

NL#10 is also seriously potent, with THC levels that can reach 30% to 35%. That's some serious THC level! With that kind of potency, a little goes a long way. So, start low and go slow, especially if you're new to this strain.

The aroma of NL#10 is brilliant, too — earthy musk with hints of pine, cedarwood, maple, hashish, and even a touch of sandalwood. And the flavor? Just as delightful. Expect a sweet and tangy aftertaste with subtle floral notes.

NL#10 has a relatively short flowering time of 7 to 8 weeks, which is a plus if you're, like us, an impatient grower. Outdoors, you can expect hefty yields of up to 28 ounces per plant. Indoor grows can also be quite bountiful, yielding 18 to 21 ounces per square meter under optimal conditions.

Northern Lights #10 is a true cannabis legend. Its potent effects, unique flavor profile, and impressive yields make it a strain worth trying. Just remember to approach this potent strain with respect and start with a low dose.

2. Bruce Banner Fast Version

Are you looking to grow some seriously potent weed but don't want to wait forever? The Bruce Banner Fast Version might be just what you're looking for. This feminized strain is a descendant of the legendary Bruce Banner, which was bred from a cross between OG Kush and Strawberry Diesel.

As you might expect from a strain with such a lineage, the Bruce Banner Fast Version is potent. We're talking THC levels that can go up to 30%, with an average of around 27%. With CBD levels hovering around 1.5%, the focus here is definitely on that psychoactive punch.

True to its name, the Fast Version flowers significantly faster than many other strains. You're looking at a flowering time of just 6 to 8 weeks.

Coming to the flavors, this strain has a complex aroma, combining earthy and diesel notes inherited from OG Kush with the fruity sweetness of Strawberry Diesel. When you smoke it, you'll experience a flavor profile that's both pungent and pleasantly sweet.

Be warned, this strain has a strong odor, so discretion is key if you're growing indoors. Outdoors, you can expect impressive yields of around 21 ounces per plant under optimal conditions. Indoors, you can still achieve a respectable harvest of 14 to 17 ounces per square meter.

3. Black Forest

What if you're looking for a strain that's also visually appealing? Look no further than Black Forest. This Indica-dominant beauty grows thick, resin-coated buds that have a range of colors, from deep purple to vibrant shades of green. Bred from a lineage that includes Black Frost and Mac 1, this strain is a true visual spectacle.

Black Forest also packs a serious punch, with THC levels ranging from 20% to 28%. With a low CBD content, you can expect a deeply relaxing experience. This strain is also particularly well-regarded for its potent pain-relieving effects, making it a popular choice among medical cannabis users.

This strain has a complex terpene profile featuring prominent notes of myrcene, limonene, and caryophyllene. The result? It has a pungent aroma that's both earthy and citrusy, with hints of lemon and a touch of spice. The flavor profile is equally impressive, offering sweet and earthy notes.

Black Forest has a moderate flowering time of 54 to 64 days, allowing you to enjoy a harvest in a relatively short timeframe. Indoors, you can expect yields of around 14 to 17 ounces per square meter. Outdoor grows can be even more bountiful, with yields reaching up to 21 ounces per plant under optimal conditions.

4. Jack Herer

Jack Herer, the strain, is another legend named after the super-famous cannabis activist and author. 

This sativa-dominant hybrid, created by Sensi Seeds, has a rich heritage, drawing its lineage from a diverse pool of genetics, including Haze, Northern Lights #5, and Shiva Skunk. These genetics trace back to landrace strains from all over the world, including Thailand, Colombia, Mexico, Afghanistan, and South India.  

Over the years, many variations of Jack Herer have emerged, but the original Sensi Seeds version remains highly sought after for its consistent quality. It's no wonder this strain has been featured in High Times Magazine's "Top Ten Strains" list multiple times, which has given it a place among cannabis royalty.

This strain produces a truly unique experience. You'll feel a surge of mental clarity and focus, making it a great choice for daytime use. This energizing high is perfect for boosting creativity and productivity. 

But don't worry, it's not just about the head buzz. Jack Herer also provides a gentle wave of relaxation, easing tension and stress without leaving you feeling couch-locked.  

The aroma of Jack Herer is a sensory delight, too. You'll notice earthy and musky notes from the Myrcene, a refreshing pine scent from Pinene, and spicy undertones from Humulene. This complex terpene profile creates a truly unique and enjoyable experience.

5. Tangerine Dream

Barney's Farm's Tangerine Dream is a true example of excellent breeding. This Sativa-dominant strain, born from the crossing of G13 and Neville's A5 Haze (and then crossed with G13 again!), delivers a potent and flavorful experience.

As the name suggests, Tangerine Dream has a vibrant citrus aroma and flavor profile. You'll get a blast of zesty sweetness with every inhale.

This strain also offers cerebral stimulation and physical relaxation. You'll feel uplifted and energized with a clear head and improved focus. But don't worry, it won't leave you feeling anxious or jittery. It's a gentle sense of relaxation, making it perfect for daytime use.

For a sativa-dominant strain, Tangerine Dream has a pretty short flowering time of just 70 days. You can expect impressive yields both indoors and outdoors. Indoors, you can harvest around 14 to 17 ounces per square meter. Outdoors, under optimal conditions, you can expect to yield up to 21 ounces per plant.

These plants grow to a manageable height of around one meter, with strong side branches that can easily support the weight of the large, dense colas. 

6. Mule Fuel

Mule Fuel is a potent strain developed by Michigan grower Gromer Juana, who is known for Thug Pug Genetics. Although Gromer isn't widely recognized, Thug Pug Genetics has built a strong reputation among cannabis growers, particularly for its acclaimed strains like Meat Breath and Sherb Breath.

With a strong indica lineage, Mule Fuel is a cross between a GMO female and Lurch, a unique male featured in many of Gromer's strains. This indica dominance is reflected in its compact, stocky structure adorned with broad, dark green leaves.

As it grows, the fan leaves start showing stunning dark hues, contrasting beautifully with the vibrant green of its dense, resin-laden buds.

Mule Fuel brings a serious kick, with THC levels of up to 30%, making it not so suitable for novices. It delivers a potent indica high that promotes deep relaxation, leaving you sedated for hours.

True to its name, this strain demands respect. Even if you're experienced, you should approach with caution, as its effects can be intense and rapid. You can expect deep relaxation, leading to a state of pleasant sedation aka couch lock.

The terpene profile is intricate, featuring strong notes of pinene, caryophyllene, myrcene, and humulene. This gives it a pungent aroma that is earthy and gassy, with scents of skunk, fermenting fruit, and even a touch of decaying grass. The flavor profile mirrors this complexity, delivering earthy, diesel, and subtly sweet flavors. 

Summary: Mastering Photoperiod Cannabis: A Complete Guide to Strains, Benefits, and Growing Tips

The world of cannabis is constantly evolving, with new strains and cultivars emerging all the time. As of now, photoperiods remain a favorite among many growers, but those who don't have ample space or can't take care of the light cycle will prefer autoflowers. 

If you want to grow photoperiods, this list of six photoperiod strains offers a glimpse into the diverse and exciting landscape of modern cannabis. 

Whether you're looking for a potent and relaxing Indica experience, an uplifting and creative Sativa high, or a unique and flavorful adventure, these strains are sure to satisfy even the most discerning cannabis connoisseur.

So, why not add a few of these strains to your grow list or your list of strains to try next?