11 irrigation events of 11 seconds each from the beginning of the timer being turned on until 2 hours before turning off.// the same feed

Hello again GD friends, This week was very well, I can see pistils all over de place and the bottom of the canopy was almost fully defoliated, so Day 37 - watered with 4L w/ 8 ml BG, BH, A-V, and 4ml of Biobloom Day 38 - I've turned on the superlumens mode of my ballast that never been used, but Lumatek says that encreases the light spectrum, will see. Day 41- I've noticed the plant a little bit sad and the pot very light, so I decided to encrease the quantity of water to half the pot's capacity and ferts accordingly. See you next week Happy growing

Yellow butterfly came to see me the other day; that was nice. Starting to show signs of stress on the odd leaf, localized isolated blips, blemishes, who said growing up was going to be easy! Smaller leaves have less surface area for stomata to occupy, so the stomata are packed more densely to maintain adequate gas exchange. Smaller leaves might have higher stomatal density to compensate for their smaller size, potentially maximizing carbon uptake and minimizing water loss. Environmental conditions like light intensity and water availability can influence stomatal density, and these factors can affect leaf size as well. Leaf development involves cell division and expansion, and stomatal differentiation is sensitive to these processes. In essence, the smaller leaf size can lead to a higher stomatal density due to the constraints of available space and the need to optimize gas exchange for photosynthesis and transpiration. In the long term, UV-B radiation can lead to more complex changes in stomatal morphology, including effects on both stomatal density and size, potentially impacting carbon sequestration and water use. In essence, UV-B can be a double-edged sword for stomata: It can induce stomatal closure and potentially reduce stomatal size, but it may also trigger an increase in stomatal density as a compensatory mechanism. It is generally more efficient for gas exchange to have smaller leaves with a higher stomatal density, rather than large leaves with lower stomatal density. This is because smaller stomata can facilitate faster gas exchange due to shorter diffusion pathways, even though they may have the same total pore area as fewer, larger stomata. Leaf size tends to decrease in colder climates to reduce heat loss, while larger leaves are more common in warmer, humid environments. Plants in arid regions often develop smaller leaves with a thicker cuticle and/or hairs to minimize water loss through transpiration. Conversely, plants in wet environments may have larger leaves and drip tips to facilitate water runoff. Leaf size and shape can vary based on light availability. For example, leaves in shaded areas may be larger and thinner to maximize light absorption. Leaf mass per area (LMA) can be higher in stressful environments with limited nutrients, indicating a greater investment in structural components for protection and critical resource conservation. Wind speed, humidity, and soil conditions can also influence leaf morphology, leading to variations in leaf shape, size, and surface characteristics. Small leaves: Reduce water loss in arid or cold climates. Environmental conditions significantly affect gene expression in plants. Plants are sessile organisms, meaning they cannot move to escape unfavorable conditions, so they rely on gene expression to adapt to their surroundings. Environmental factors like light, temperature, water, and nutrient availability can trigger changes in gene expression, allowing plants to respond to and survive in diverse environments. Depending on the environment a young seedling encounters, the developmental program following seed germination could be skotomorphogenesis in the dark or photomorphogenesis in the light. Light signals are interpreted by a repertoire of photoreceptors followed by sophisticated gene expression networks, eventually resulting in developmental changes. The expression and functions of photoreceptors and key signaling molecules are highly coordinated and regulated at multiple levels of the central dogma in molecular biology. Light activates gene expression through the actions of positive transcriptional regulators and the relaxation of chromatin by histone acetylation. Small regulatory RNAs help attenuate the expression of light-responsive genes. Alternative splicing, protein phosphorylation/dephosphorylation, the formation of diverse transcriptional complexes, and selective protein degradation all contribute to proteome diversity and change the functions of individual proteins. Photomorphogenesis, the light-driven developmental changes in plants, significantly impacts gene expression. It involves a cascade of events where light signals, perceived by photoreceptors, trigger changes in gene expression patterns, ultimately leading to the development of a plant in response to its light environment. Genes are expressed, not dictated! While having the potential to encode proteins, genes are not automatically and constantly active. Instead, their expression (the process of turning them into proteins) is carefully regulated by the cell, responding to internal and external signals. This means that genes can be "turned on" or "turned off," and the level of expression can be adjusted, depending on the cell's needs and the surrounding environment. In plants, genes are not simply "on" or "off" but rather their expression is carefully regulated based on various factors, including the cell type, developmental stage, and environmental conditions. This means that while all cells in a plant contain the same genetic information (the same genes), different cells will express different subsets of those genes at different times. This regulation is crucial for the proper functioning and development of the plant. When a green plant is exposed to red light, much of the red light is absorbed, but some is also reflected back. The reflected red light, along with any blue light reflected from other parts of the plant, can be perceived by our eyes as purple. Carotenoids absorb light in blue-green region of the visible spectrum, complementing chlorophyll's absorption in the red region. They safeguard the photosynthetic machinery from excessive light by activating singlet oxygen, an oxidant formed during photosynthesis. Carotenoids also quench triplet chlorophyll, which can negatively affect photosynthesis, and scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can damage cellular proteins. Additionally, carotenoid derivatives signal plant development and responses to environmental cues. They serve as precursors for the biosynthesis of phytohormones such as abscisic acid () and strigolactones (SLs). These pigments are responsible for the orange, red, and yellow hues of fruits and vegetables, while acting as free scavengers to protect plants during photosynthesis. Singlet oxygen (¹O₂) is an electronically excited state of molecular oxygen (O₂). Singlet oxygen is produced as a byproduct during photosynthesis, primarily within the photosystem II (PSII) reaction center and light-harvesting antenna complex. This occurs when excess energy from excited chlorophyll molecules is transferred to molecular oxygen. While singlet oxygen can cause oxidative damage, plants have mechanisms to manage its production and mitigate its harmful effects. Singlet oxygen (¹O₂) is considered a reactive oxygen species (ROS). It's a form of oxygen with higher energy and reactivity compared to the more common triplet oxygen found in its ground state. Singlet oxygen is generated both in biological systems, such as during photosynthesis in plants, and in cellular processes, and through chemical and photochemical reactions. While singlet oxygen is a ROS, it's important to note that it differs from other ROS like superoxide (O₂⁻), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), and hydroxyl radicals (OH) in its formation, reactivity, and specific biological roles. Non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) protects plants from damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) by dissipating excess light energy as heat. This process reduces the overexcitation of photosynthetic pigments, which can lead to the production of ROS, thus mitigating the potential for photodamage. Zeaxanthin, a carotenoid pigment, plays a crucial role in photoprotection in plants by both enhancing non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS). In high-light conditions, zeaxanthin is synthesized from violaxanthin through the xanthophyll cycle, and this zeaxanthin then facilitates heat dissipation of excess light energy (NPQ) and quenches harmful ROS. The Issue of Singlet Oxygen!! ROS Formation: Blue light, with its higher energy photons, can promote the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), including singlet oxygen, within the plant. Potential Damage: High levels of ROS can damage cellular components, including proteins, lipids, and DNA, potentially impacting plant health and productivity. Balancing Act: A balanced spectrum of light, including both blue and red light, is crucial for mitigating the harmful effects of excessive blue light and promoting optimal plant growth and stress tolerance. The Importance of Red Light: Red light (especially far-red) can help to mitigate the negative effects of excessive blue light by: Balancing the Photoreceptor Response: Red light can influence the activity of photoreceptors like phytochrome, which are involved in regulating plant responses to different light wavelengths. Enhancing Antioxidant Production: Red and blue light can stimulate the production of antioxidants, which help to neutralize ROS and protect the plant from oxidative damage. Optimizing Photosynthesis: Red light is efficiently used in photosynthesis, and its combination with blue light can lead to increased photosynthetic efficiency and biomass production. In controlled environments like greenhouses and vertical farms, optimizing the ratio of blue and red light is a key strategy for promoting healthy plant growth and yield. Understanding the interplay between blue light signaling, ROS production, and antioxidant defense mechanisms can inform breeding programs and biotechnological interventions aimed at improving plant stress resistance. In summary, while blue light is essential for plant development and photosynthesis, it's crucial to balance it with other light wavelengths, particularly red light, to prevent excessive ROS formation and promote overall plant health. Oxidative damage in plants occurs when there's an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the plant's ability to neutralize them, leading to cellular damage. This imbalance, known as oxidative stress, can result from various environmental stressors, affecting plant growth, development, and overall productivity. Causes of Oxidative Damage: Abiotic stresses: These include extreme temperatures (heat and cold), drought, salinity, heavy metal toxicity, and excessive light. Biotic stresses: Pathogen attacks and insect infestations can also trigger oxidative stress. Metabolic processes: Normal cellular activities, particularly in chloroplasts, mitochondria, and peroxisomes, can generate ROS as byproducts. Certain chlorophyll biosynthesis intermediates can produce singlet oxygen (1O2), a potent ROS, leading to oxidative damage. ROS can damage lipids (lipid peroxidation), proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids (DNA). Oxidative stress can compromise the integrity of cell membranes, affecting their function and permeability. Oxidative damage can interfere with essential cellular functions, including photosynthesis, respiration, and signal transduction. In severe cases, oxidative stress can trigger programmed cell death (apoptosis). Oxidative damage can lead to stunted growth, reduced biomass, and lower crop yields. Plants have evolved intricate antioxidant defense systems to counteract oxidative stress. These include: Enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and various peroxidases scavenge ROS and neutralize their damaging effects. Antioxidant molecules like glutathione, ascorbic acid (vitamin C), C60 fullerene, and carotenoids directly neutralize ROS. Developing plant varieties with gene expression focused on enhanced antioxidant capacity and stress tolerance is crucial. Optimizing irrigation, fertilization, and other management practices can help minimize stress and oxidative damage. Applying antioxidant compounds or elicitors can help plants cope with oxidative stress. Introducing genes for enhanced antioxidant enzymes or stress-related proteins over generations. Phytohormones, also known as plant hormones, are a group of naturally occurring organic compounds that regulate plant growth, development, and various physiological processes. The five major classes of phytohormones are: auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, ethylene, and abscisic acid. In addition to these, other phytohormones like brassinosteroids, jasmonates, and salicylates also play significant roles. Here's a breakdown of the key phytohormones: Auxins: Primarily involved in cell elongation, root initiation, and apical dominance. Gibberellins: Promote stem elongation, seed germination, and flowering. Cytokinins: Stimulate cell division and differentiation, and delay leaf senescence. Ethylene: Regulates fruit ripening, leaf abscission, and senescence. Abscisic acid (ABA): Plays a role in seed dormancy, stomatal closure, and stress responses. Brassinosteroids: Involved in cell elongation, division, and stress responses. Jasmonates: Regulate plant defense against pathogens and herbivores, as well as other processes. Salicylic acid: Plays a role in plant defense against pathogens. 1. Red and Far-Red Light (Phytochromes): Red light: Primarily activates the phytochrome system, converting it to its active form (Pfr), which promotes processes like stem elongation and flowering. Far-red light: Inhibits the phytochrome system by converting the active Pfr form back to the inactive Pr form. This can trigger shade avoidance responses and inhibit germination. Phytohormones: Red and far-red light regulate phytohormones like auxin and gibberellins, which are involved in stem elongation and other growth processes. 2. Blue Light (Cryptochromes and Phototropins): Blue light: Activates cryptochromes and phototropins, which are involved in various processes like stomatal opening, seedling de-etiolation, and phototropism (growth towards light). Phytohormones: Blue light affects auxin levels, influencing stem growth, and also impacts other phytohormones involved in these processes. Example: Blue light can promote vegetative growth and can interact with red light to promote flowering. 3. UV-B Light (UV-B Receptors): UV-B light: Perceived by UVR8 receptors, it can affect plant growth and development and has roles in stress responses, like UV protection. Phytohormones: UV-B light can influence phytohormones involved in stress responses, potentially affecting growth and development. 4. Other Colors: Green light: Plants are generally less sensitive to green light, as chlorophyll reflects it. Other wavelengths: While less studied, other wavelengths can also influence plant growth and development through interactions with different photoreceptors and phytohormones. Key Points: Cross-Signaling: Plants often experience a mix of light wavelengths, leading to complex interactions between different photoreceptors and phytohormones. Species Variability: The precise effects of light color on phytohormones can vary between different plant species. Hormonal Interactions: Phytohormones don't act in isolation; their interactions and interplay with other phytohormones and environmental signals are critical for plant responses. The spectral ratio of light (the composition of different colors of light) significantly influences a plant's hormonal balance. Different wavelengths of light are perceived by specific photoreceptors in plants, which in turn regulate the production and activity of various plant hormones (phytohormones). These hormones then control a wide range of developmental processes.

New microscope came in, just in time to start checking trichs on CP. I never realized how hard it is to keep a steady hand for a proper shot, so hopefully I’ll have better focused shots soon... Appears they’re mostly clear, I like that couchlock high so I’m going for mostly amber but maybe partial harvest? I don’t know. Comments, suggestions, opinions, all are welcome here. For now I can wait.

I added some soil to reduce the length of the stems and make them more stable to the fans, sprayed once with mineral water after the lamp goes out and put some sticky traps because as usual there are some gnats in the soil, nothing to worry about so far.

3.23.25 Fastbuds LSD-25 auto #1 Germination 1st week Only watering with spring water. Going to be using foop nutrients with Humboldts secret cal/ mag and nectar for the gods ph up and down! Here we go!

One more week and this is the last one before switching to 12/12h, I decided to clean a few more sheets on 15th and I'm sure it will recover very quickly.. Happy growing! ✌️🌱🌿🍁

Mazar has a unique design that has us in awe, this is definitely a rare looking plant with features that remind us of strains that grow in far away lands. Our only upset with this girl is the powdery mildew that has started to set in, this is disappointing at this stage because we prefer not to use any type of spray. We used tap water with a ph above 9 to see if that would help, regardless this is a sign that she may not be the best strain for outdoors in our climate. Epsom salts have been added to our rain barrel once a week and Mazar has had a few dustings of coffee grounds added to her soil bed. Either way we appreciate her beauty and hope she can stay free of the rot as the bud thickens and the cooler air sets in.

The Doctor is catching up to the Purple Ghost and is already covered in frost

Creciendo fuerte y adaptándose a las podas

3. November Alle drei Pflanzen weiterhin topfit. Trauermücken aufgetreten. Habe das abgelaufene Päckchen nematoden für die runtz genutzt. Hoffe es bringt was 4. November Cookies Gelato hat den harten Mainlinecut bekommen. Spitze wurde entfernt, Seitenteile wurden direkt danach abgeschnitten. Sie wird’s schon wegstecken. Tropimango und runtz geht’s gut :) Cookie gelato hat bereits wenige Stunden später die Blätter wieder hoch gestreckt. Stagniert. 5. November Alles gut. Die Schnitte wurden gut verkraftet. Triebe wachsen wieder Cookies gelato ist nun 21 Tage alt. Tropimango ist nun 18 Tage alt. Runtz ist nun 7 Tage Alt. 7. November Cookies gelato wächst. Sobald die Klammern da sind wird sie runtergebunden Tropimango hat schnitte und Lst bekommen. Topping werde ich noch abwarten. Runtz wächst 8. November Cookies gelato hat LST + mainlineschnitte erhalten. Wurde nicht mit gießen kombiniert da ich gestern gegossen habe. Tropimango erneut LST. Runtz wächst. Sieht aus als würde sie langsam ins Wachstum wechseln. Erster Triebe am einzahnblatt kommen. Dreizahnblatt erst frisch entwickelt. 9. November Cookies gelato wurde das erste mal zusätzlich mit Sugar Royal und calmag versorgt. Hab’s davor vergessen 😅 Shit Happens. Wurzeldünger gibt es konstant weiter. Runtz wurde mit wurzeldünger und calmag versorgt Tropimango hat noch sehr feuchte Erde. Keine Ahnung wieso.

Alright, guys, another week and this girl is stacking!! Day 33 of flower and I have a feeling this girl's gonna be a good yielder of some frosty nugs, and hopefully this plant produces some baseball bats.. the inner noodle spacing is perfect for this 👌... Zamnesia Seeds thank you so much and shout out to Patricia, you are appreciated.. hope everyone's enjoying their week. Hope their plants are doing well as well.. God bless everyone.Good luck and happy growing ✌️

My Northern Lights #10 plant is an absolute beast! It's the biggest one in the tent, and it's branching out like crazy. The stems are thick and strong, and it just looks super healthy overall. You can definitely see the classic Northern Lights genetics in its growth pattern – it's a vigorous and sturdy strain. I'm excited to see how big this one gets! The weather has been absolutely gorgeous this past week! We've been hitting that sweet spot of 70 degrees during the day, perfect for getting outside and soaking up some sun. Then, it cools down to a comfy 50 degrees at night, which is ideal for sleeping with the windows open. I've been loving all the fresh air! I finally got around to building that little wooden planter for my windowsill. It was a fun project, and now my regular plants have a nice new home. It really brightens up the room, and I'm thinking of adding some herbs to it soon. Maybe I'll even try growing some basil!

Everything looks good, and for now I admire their growth! I love this 😁😁❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️

Started today second week (20/05). Very pleased with how it grew the first week. The plant appears healthy despite the excessive lengthening that caused its release due to the too much weight of the leaves. Although it has a fan pointing at it, I still expect it to reinforce the stem to remove the support. Update: Very strong stem. 20/05: Root Complex (3.5ml/700ml) + TNT Complex (3.5ml/700ml) --> Final EC 625 24/05: Root Complex (3.5ml/700ml) + TNT Complex (1ml/700ml) --> Final EC 325 27/05: Coming home after two days i found my baby plant that now isn't just a baby! Beautiful and strong! I've noticed only a small spot in a leaf, highlighted in the video; and a strange skin around the stem, highlighted in the other video.

Olá amigos, estamos na terceira semana de floração, 54 dias de vida, pois as meninas não param de me surpreender, estão a crescer cheias de vigor, com um bom desenvolvimento de floração e a esticar para todos os lados, tenho o armário com 0,89m2 cheio de flores 🤩💪💪, a shyscaberry tem um aspeto sativa cheia de ramos, a BlueBerry OG tem um estilo indica robusta, e a runtz muffin tem aspeto híbrido muito forte, ambas com muito boa saúde 🤩 esta semana adicionei 1ml delta9 para ajudar na floração... Até para a semana ✌️