Guttation occurs due to positive root pressure, which is most common when the soil moisture is too high and the air is too humid, preventing normal transpiration. (Over night)
Plant roots continuously absorb water from the soil, even when the stomata (tiny pores on leaves used for gas exchange and transpiration) are closed during the night. This continuous water absorption creates pressure that forces water up the plant's vascular system. When the water reaches the leaf tips and edges, it is pushed out through specialized structures called hydathodes, which are essentially modified pores that cannot close like stomata. Unlike the pure water of dew, guttation fluid is a dilute solution containing various organic and inorganic compounds, such as sugars, mineral salts, and enzymes. While generally harmless, a build-up of these deposits (appearing as a white crust after the water evaporates) can occasionally encourage the growth of bacteria or fungi, or in extreme cases cause "tip burn" on sensitive plants.