Ultraviolet

Gongrats new master 🙏

Thanks for answering my question the other day, powerful insights!

Yep I agree it’s the only light meter app that comes close enough to being accurate. The NextLight Pro I am using has all white full spectrum diodes and that helps with accuracy.

Root Pressure: At night, when stomata are typically closed to minimize water loss, root pressure can still push water and dissolved nutrients upwards from the roots. This pressure is generated by the active transport of ions into the root cells, creating a lower water potential than in the surrounding soil. Water follows the ions by osmosis, increasing the pressure within the root xylem. This positive pressure can then force water and nutrients upwards, even without the pull of transpiration. In some cases, this root pressure can result in guttation, where water droplets are secreted from the leaves. 2. Foliar Uptake: Plants can also absorb nutrients through their leaves, especially at night when humidity is higher. When nutrients are present in aerosols or foliar sprays, they can be absorbed directly into the plant tissue. Some studies suggest that the availability of water-soluble nutrients on the leaf surface may even stimulate the opening of stomata at night to facilitate nutrient uptake. 3. Reduced Transpiration but Not Absence: While stomata are generally closed at night to minimize water loss, they may still open slightly, especially if the plant needs to absorb nutrients. This minimal transpiration, combined with root pressure and foliar uptake, can still allow for some nutrient uptake during the night. In summary, while transpiration is the main driver of nutrient uptake during the day, plants also have mechanisms for nutrient uptake at night, including root pressure and foliar absorption, even with reduced transpiration.

In plants, hydroxyl radicals (OH•) primarily form through the Fenton reaction, where a ferrous (Fe2+) iron ion reacts with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to produce the hydroxyl radical and ferric iron. This reaction can be catalyzed by various enzymes, including peroxidases and NADPH oxidases, and facilitated by the presence of transition metals like iron. The hydroxyl radical is a highly reactive reactive oxygen species (ROS) involved in crucial plant processes such as growth, development, and stress responses, though its formation and action must be tightly regulated to prevent cellular damage. Key components and processes: Transition metals: Iron (Fe2+/Fe3+) is a crucial catalyst in the Fenton reaction, facilitating the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide into hydroxyl radicals. Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2): A precursor molecule produced in plants, which undergoes reaction with the transition metal to form the hydroxyl radical. Fenton Reaction: The central chemical reaction in plants for generating hydroxyl radicals, involving the reaction of Fe2+ with H2O2. Enzymatic Catalysts: Enzymes such as peroxidases (e.g., cell wall-bound PODs) and NADPH oxidases can facilitate or directly participate in the production of hydroxyl radicals. Locations of formation: Hydroxyl radicals are formed in various locations within the plant, including: The plant cell wall, The plasma membrane, and Intracellularly. Why it matters: Cellular Regulation: Hydroxyl radicals act as potent signaling molecules in plant cells, involved in processes like seed germination, growth, and reproduction. Stress Response: They play a role in the plant's immune response and adaptation to environmental stresses. Cell Wall Loosening: Hydroxyl radical attack on cell wall components ca

Try not to add sulfur after the 3rd week of flower. Sulfur helps with terpene production because it's a key element in building the isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) precursors and is required for activating the enzymes that convert IPP into terpenes. Everyone rages about PK but the real key to next-level flower is sulfur. Just don't add it after week 3 as it can have negative effects on flower smell, taste Yada Yada. 😋 Potassium sulfate (K₂SO₄) is a white, odorless, bitter, and water-soluble inorganic compound. It's also known as sulfate of potash (SOP), dipotassium sulfate, potash, and arcanite. Potassium sulfate is used as a fertilizer that provides both potassium and sulfur. It's fully water-soluble and can be used in drip and sprinkler irrigation systems. The compound can also be used medicinally as a cathartic. My fave. Used in moderation ofc.

Inflorescence material" refers to the plant structure itself — the cluster of flowers and their supporting stems and branches

(Vitamin C(Ascorbic Acid) is a coenzyme in the xanthophyll cycle, which converts excess energy into heat. This process helps plants protect themselves from too much light. You can remove both chlorine and chloramine in water with the same strategies. Carbon filtration is a very effective method, but it takes a lot of carbon and water/carbon contact to do the job. That’s why Vitamin C (L-Ascorbic acid) is a better solution. Does ascorbic acid/Vitamin C actually work to remove chlorine? Research by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) found that using ascorbic acid for chlorine is effective and works rapidly. One gram of ascorbic acid will neutralize 1 milligram per liter of chlorine per 100 gallons of water. The reaction is very fast. The chemical reaction (Tikkanen and others 2001) of ascorbic acid with chlorine is shown below: C5H5O5CH2OH + HOCL → C5H3O5CH2OH + HCl + H2O Ascorbic acid + Hypochlorous acid → Dehydroascorbic acid + Hydrochloric acid + water Vitamin C effectively neutralizes chlorine and is safer to handle than sulfur-based dechlorination chemicals. The sodium ascorbate form of vitamin C has less affect on pH than the ascorbic acid form. When neutralizing a strong chlorine solution, both forms of vitamin C will lower slightly the dissolved oxygen of the treated water.

Hey thanks for all your help. It is a beautiful light but without the capacity to dim it properly I’m not sure how the flowers will develop stuck in the 300- 450 PPFD range. At 50 power the PPFD is too much 1000-1200 in the tent. Sucks.

wow! thanks for all the research😍 just needs to connect to the 3 pin inlet on the light itself

Root Respiration: Plants absorb phosphorus through their roots, and this process requires energy. Root respiration, which is the process of breaking down sugars for energy, is dependent on oxygen. Soil Aeration: Poorly aerated soil (low oxygen) can reduce root respiration, hindering the uptake of phosphorus. Phosphate Transport: The process of transporting phosphorus from the soil into the plant's roots also requires energy, which is generated through root respiration. Mineralization: Oxygen is necessary for the breakdown of organic matter, which can make naturally occurring phosphorus available for plant uptake. Compaction: Soil compaction reduces aeration, affecting root function and phosphorus uptake. Waterlogged Conditions: Excessive moisture can reduce oxygen levels in the soil, impacting root respiration and phosphorus absorption.

Phosphorus uptake by plants is affected by oxygen availability in the soil. While not directly requiring oxygen to be absorbed, phosphorus availability and root function, which are crucial for uptake, are influenced by soil aeration.

Phosphorus binds to several elements in the soil, making it less available for plant uptake, depending on the soil pH. At low pH levels (below 5.5), phosphorus binds to iron and aluminum. At high pH levels (above 7), it binds to calcium. The optimal pH range for phosphorus availability is between 6.0 and 7.0.

Plants do use phosphorus at night. While nutrient uptake may be higher during the day due to increased photosynthesis and transpiration, studies show that a significant portion of nutrient uptake, including phosphorus, can occur during the night. In fact, some studies indicate that nighttime nutrient uptake can be as high as 51% of the total uptake, especially in the early hours of the night.

At night, plants primarily utilize active nutrient uptake mechanisms to absorb nutrients from the soil. This process is driven by the plant's metabolic energy and is less dependent on water uptake than daytime processes. While water uptake via osmosis may still occur, the main mechanism for nutrient absorption at night is an active transport system that moves ions against their concentration gradient, requiring energy from the plant.

What about the light of the moon in the outdoor model, and why isn't this simulated in the tent as well, I wondered?🌜🌕🌕🌛

A soil without organic matter will generally have a low Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC). Biochar is often prized for its potential to increase soil cation exchange capacity (CEC), but this effect is highly dependent on the specific properties of the biochar (feedstock and pyrolysis temperature) and the soil type to which it is applied. High-ash biochars, especially those produced at lower temperatures and applied to acidic or sandy soils, can significantly boost CEC by providing abundant binding sites for cations like calcium (Ca²⁺), magnesium (Mg²⁺), and potassium (K⁺). Biochar is more sustainable than typical organic matter for long-term soil improvement primarily due to its high stability and resistance to microbial decomposition, allowing it to persist in the soil for hundreds to thousands of years. This longevity provides a lasting positive effect on soil properties, particularly by increasing the cation exchange capacity (CEC) over time, while regular organic matter breaks down much faster. Biochar generally offers a much higher CEC than coco coir, though specific values vary greatly; while coco coir might sit around 40-60 cmol/kg, biochar can range from tens to over 200 cmol/kg, with sources like Acacia wood biochar or even coconut shell biochar often surpassing coco's capacity due to its porous structure, creating significantly more cation-binding sites for nutrients, making it superior for nutrient retention. Needs to be charged similar to coco but at a much higger rate. But shhhh.. it's a secret. Recommend a balanced ratio of key cations, particularly calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and potassium (K). A widely accepted general "ideal soil" cation saturation ratio is approximately 65-85% Ca, 6-12% Mg, and 2-5% K. That's roughly what mine got.🙏.

Hello chemistry expert, 🌞 could you perhaps tell me whether our favorite plant can absorb calcium and magnesium from milk? I know that seeds are soaked in milk for a few hours, for example with tomatoes, and now I was wondering whether you could just use milk instead of Calmag from any manufacturer. Of course, soaking seeds is not about absorbing calcium or magnesium, but about resistance to external influences and diseases. Does this also work with cannabis seeds, or is it a placebo effect, so to speak? I don't know of a better place to get an answer to this questions. Peace out🍀

Have you ever thought about writing a book? It could become a classic like Ed Rosenthal's. No kidding!

How far you should mainline up to depends on your light penetration, and if you side supplement, without getting into too many details, you have at most 2-3 layers of leaf before the red and blue parts of the spectral composition are completely absorbed, after which buds will become larf from too much green and not enough R&B. Even a leaf with low photosynthetic efficiency can still perform efficient cellular respiration. Leaves have specialized structures, like stomata, that allow for efficient gas movement regardless of the leaf's photosynthetic capacity. In plants, fan leaves are crucial for both photosynthesis and cellular respiration, the processes that provide the ATP (adenosine triphosphate) needed for growth and other cellular functions. Photosynthesis in chloroplasts produces ATP and NADPH, which are used in the Calvin cycle to produce sugars. These sugars are then broken down through cellular respiration in mitochondria, generating more ATP, along with carbon dioxide and water. This ATP fuels various cellular activities, including protein synthesis, transport, and other metabolic processes. You can live weeks without food. Days without water. Minutes without oxygen. 16 seconds without ATP. I always enjoy stating that because prior to me reading it, I had no idea what it even was, yet it is top of the food chain for everything. In its purest form, it is the currency of life. Energy. ATP comes before nutrients, before oxygen, and before carbon. While all are essential, ATP is arguably the most fundamental for plant growth as it acts as the primary energy currency for cellular processes. Nutrients, oxygen, and carbon are all necessary for photosynthesis and other metabolic processes, but they require ATP for the energy to be converted into usable forms, like sugars for growth. In essence, ATP is the energy that drives the entire process.