Yes, this is absolutely a thing that people actively do, and it is known as "monster cropping" or "re-vegging" (regeneration). It works remarkably well with photoperiod strains, though it requires a bit of patience. When you harvest, the key is to leave the lower third of the plant intact, ensuring you keep some healthy green leaves and small, popcorn bud sites. You then switch the light cycle back to 18/6 or 24/0 and feed them a high-nitrogen vegetative nutrient schedule. Within a few weeks, the plant will start putting out strange, single-finger leaves before exploding into a massive, bushy structure.
The biggest advantage is exactly what you mentioned: the massive, fully established root system in your coco is already there. Because the roots don't need to rebuild from scratch, the vegetative growth phase can actually explode much faster once the plant snaps out of flowering mode. However, you should keep two main things in mind before jumping in. First, the transition phase takes time usually 2 to 4 weeks just for the plant to reset, during which it will look pretty ugly and stressed. Second, look closely at the bottom of your screenshot. If you are growing autoflowers, this will unfortunately not work. Autoflowers have an internal genetic clock and cannot be forced back into a vegetative state after harvest. But if these are photoperiod strains, it is a brilliant and fun experiment to try.
Happy Growing Growmie🌱