Green light is radiation with wavelengths between 520 and 560 nm and it affects photosynthesis, plant height, and flowering. Plants reflect green light and this is why they appear green to our eyes. As a result, some growers think that plants don’t use green wavelengths, but they actually do! In fact, only around 5 – 10% of green light is reflected from leaves and the rest (90 – 95 %) is absorbed or transmitted to lower leaves [1]. Green wavelengths get used in photosynthesis. Chlorophyll pigments absorb small amounts of green wavelengths. Light that doesn’t get absorbed is transmitted to leaves that are shaded out from direct light. This means that leaves at the bottom of the canopy get more green light than leaves at the top. A high proportion of green wavelengths compared to other colors tells lower leaves that they are being shaded out, so they are able to react accordingly. Lower leaves may react by opening or closing their stomata or growing longer stems that help the leaves reach brighter light [1, 2, 3]. When it comes to growing cannabis, many cultivators are interested in the quality of light used for the flowering stage. In many plants, flowering is regulated by two main photoreceptors: cryptochrome and phytochrome. Both photoreceptors primarily respond to blue light but can also respond to green, although to a lesser extent. Green can accelerate the start of flowering in several species (although cannabis has yet to be tested) [1, 4, 5]. However, once flowering has begun, it’s important to provide plants with a “full spectrum” light that has high amounts of blue and red light, and moderate amounts of green, in order for photosynthesis to be optimized. Green light mediates seed germination in some species. Seeds use green wavelengths to decide whether the environment is good for germination. Shade environments are enriched in green relative to red and blue light, so a plant can tell if it is shady or sunny. A seed that senses a shaded environment may stay dormant to avoid poor growing conditions [1]. Some examples of plant species where researchers have documented this response are: ryegrass (a grass that grows in tufts) and Chondrilla (a plant related to dandelion) [1, 6]. Although green wavelengths generally tell plants NOT to germinate, there are some exceptions! Surprisingly, green wavelengths can stimulate seed germination in some species like Aeschynomene, Tephrosia, Solidago, Cyrtopodium, and Atriplex [1, 6, 7]. Of course, light is not the only factor affecting seed germination – it’s a combination of many factors, such as soil moisture, soil type, temperature, photoperiod, and light quality. When combined with red and blue light, green can really enhance plant growth [1, 8]. However, too much green light (more than 50% of the total light) can actually reduce plant growth [8]. Based on the most current research, the ideal ratio of green, red, and blue light is thought to be around 1:2:1 for green:blue:red [9]. When choosing a horticultural light, choose one that has high amounts of blue and red light and moderate amounts of green and other colors of light. Not many studies can be found about the effect of green light on cannabis growth or metabolism. However, if one reads carefully, there are clues and data available even from the very early papers. Mahlberg and Hemphill (1983) used colored filters in their study to alter the sunlight spectrum and study green light among others. They concluded that the green filter, which makes the environment green by cutting other wavelengths out, reduced the THC concentration significantly compared to the daylight control treatment. It has been demonstrated that green color can reduce secondary metabolite activity with other species as well. For example, the addition of green to a light spectrum decreases anthocyanin concentration in lettuce (Zhang and Folta 2012). If green light only reverses the biosynthesis of some secondary metabolites, then why put green light into a growth spectrum at all? Well, there are a couple of good reasons. One is that green penetrates leaf layers effectively. Conversely red and blue light is almost completely absorbed by the first leaf layer. Green travels through the first, second, and even third layers effectively (Figure 2). Lower leaf layers can utilize green light in photosynthesis and therefore produce yields as well. Even though a green light-specific photoreceptor has not yet been found, it is known that green light has effects independent from the cryptochrome but then again, also cryptochrome-dependent ones, just like blue light. It is known that green light in low light intensity conditions can enhance far red stimulating secondary metabolite production in microgreens and then again, counteracts the production of these compounds in high-intensity light conditions (Kim et al. 2004). In many cases, green light promoted physiological changes in plants that are opposite to the actions of blue light. In the study by Kim et al. blue light-induced anthocyanin accumulation was inhibited by green light. In another study it has been found that blue light promotes stomatal opening whereas green light promotes stomatal closure (Frechilla et al. 2000). Blue light inhibits the early stem elongation in the seedling stage whereas green light promotes it (Folta 2004). Also, blue light results in flowering induction, and green light inhibits it (Banerjee et al., 2007). As you can see, green light works very closely with blue light, and therefore not only the amount of these two wavelengths separately is important but also the ratio (Blue: Green) between these two in the designed spectrum. Furthermore, green light has been found to affect the elongation of petioles and upward leaf reorientation with the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana both of which are a sign of shade avoidance symptoms (Zhang et al. 2011) and also gene expression in the same plant (Dhingra et al. 2006). As mentioned before, green light produces shade avoidance symptoms which are quite intuitive if you consider the natural conditions where the plants grow. Not all the green light is reflected from the highest canopy leaves in nature but a lot of it (50-90%) has been estimated to penetrate the upper leaves at the plant level ((Terashima et al., 2009; Nishio, 2000). For the plant growing in the understory of the forest green light is a signal for the plant of being in the shade of a bigger plant. Then again, the plants growing under unobstructed sunlight can take advantage of the green photons that can more easily penetrate the upper leaves than the red and blue photons. From the photosynthetic pigments in higher plants, chlorophyll is crucial for plant growth. Dissolved chlorophyll and absorb maximally in the red (λ600–700 nm) and blue (λ400–500 nm) regions of the spectrum and not as easily in the green (λ500–600 nm) regions. Up to 80% of all green light is thought to be transmitted through the chloroplast (Terashima et al., 2009) and this allows more green photons to pass deeper into the leaf mesophyll layer than red and blue photons. When the green light is scattered in the vertical leaf profile its journey is lengthened and therefore photons have a higher chance of hitting and being absorbed by chloroplasts on their passage through the leaf to the lower leaves of the plant. Photons of PPFD (photosynthetic photon flux density) are captured by chlorophyll causing an excitation of an electron to enter a higher energy state in which the energy is immediately passed on to the neighboring chlorophyll molecule by resonance transfer or released to the electron transport chain (PSII and PSI). Despite the low extinction coefficient of chlorophyll in the green 500–600 nm region it needs to be noted that the absorbance can be significant if the pigment (chlorophyll) concentration in the leaf is high enough. The research available clearly shows that plants use green wavelengths to promote higher biomass and yield (photosynthetic activity), and that it is a crucial signal for long-term developmental and short-term dynamic acclimation (Blue:Green ratio) to the environment. It should not be dismissed but studied more because it brings more opportunities to control plant gene expression and physiology in plant production. REFERENCES Banerjee R., Schleicher E., Meier S. Viana R. M., Pokorny R., Ahmad M., Bittl R., Batschauer. 2007. The signaling state of Arabidopsis cryptochrome 2 contains flavin semiquinone. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 282, 14916–14922. Dhingra, A., Bies, D. H., Lehner, K. R., and Folta, K. M. 2006. Green light adjusts the plastic transcriptome during early photomorphogenic development. Plant Physiol. 142, 1256-1266. Folta, K. M. 2004. Green light stimulates early stem elongation, antagonizing light-mediated growth inhibition. Plant Physiol. 135, 1407-1416. Frechilla, S., Talbott, L. D., Bogomolmi, R. A., and Zeiger, E. 2000. Reversal of blue light -stimulated stomatal opening by green light. Plant Cell Physiol. 41, 171-176. Kim, H.H., Goins, G. D., Wheeler, R. M., and Sager, J. C. 2004.Green-light supplementation for enhanced lettuce growth under red- and blue-light emitting diodes. HortScience 39, 1617-1622. Nishio, J.N. 2000. Why are higher plants green? Evolution of the higher plant photosynthetic pigment complement. Plant Cell and Environment 23, 539–548. Terashima I., Fujita T., Inoue T., Chow W.S., Oguchi R. 2009. Green light drives leaf photosynthesis more efficiently than red light in strong white light: revisiting the enigmatic question of why leaves are green. Plant & Cell Physiology 50, 684–697. Zhang, T., Maruhnich, S. A., and Folta, K. M. 2011. Green light induces shade avoidance symptoms. Plant Physiol. 157, 1528-156. Wang, Y. & Folta, K. M. Contributions of green light to plant growth and development. Am. J. Bot. 100, 70–78 (2013). Zhang, T. & Folta, K. M. Green light signaling and adaptive response. Plant Signal. Behav. 7, 75–78 (2012). Johkan, M. et al. Blue light-emitting diode light irradiation of seedlings improves seedling quality and growth after transplanting in red leaf lettuce. HortScience 45, 1809–1814 (2010). Kasajima, S., et al. Effect of Light Quality on Developmental Rate of Wheat under Continuous Light at a Constant Temperature. Plant Prod. Sci. 10, 286–291 (2007). Banerjee, R. et al. The signaling state of Arabidopsis cryptochrome 2 contains flavin semiquinone. J. Biol. Chem. 282, 14916–14922 (2007). Goggin, D. E. & Steadman, K. J. Blue and green are frequently seen: responses of seeds to short- and mid-wavelength light. Seed Sci. Res. 22, 27–35 (2012). Mandák, B. & Pyšek, P. The effects of light quality, nitrate concentration and presence of bracteoles on germination of different fruit types in the heterocarpous Atriplex sagittata. J. Ecol. 89, 149–158 (2001). Darko, E. et al. Photosynthesis under artificial light: the shift in primary and secondary metabolism. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci. 369 (2014). Lu, N. et al. Effects of Supplemental Lighting with Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs) on Tomato Yield and Quality of Single-Truss Tomato Plants Grown at High Planting Density. Environ. Control Biol. 50, 63–74 (2012).

As we enter week three, the stem is hardening on the fantasmo as she likes to flop over. No signs of any weird stress other than that plant flopping over, but the Mephisto's wedding is doing its own squat little thing.

Lights are down to 28 inches, only running blue spectrum the first 14 days. Will begin nutrients and full spectrum beginning of week 3.

So I'm starting to think it's a male. But..... I do know it a photo and not a auto. So it may take a little longer to actually flower since it growing out side I can't control the light so I have to wait and see🤞🏾🤷‍♂️🏿

Girls went into flowering . Critical is looking a little better.

Happy day to all of you, brothers of the Weed! This extraordinary strain really has something surprising, indeed I will tell you more .... I believe that this 11L pot is of the right size and the right breathability for this girl who is going very strong so far .... appropriate .. . I think two buds have grown on one stem!😊 A kiss to everyone

The first picture is from last week and the videos are from today. It's been 56 days in veg so far. I was going to switch to flowering next week but decided to hold off and let it spend more time in recovery. To keep the branches down I used a wire clothes hanger and paper clips.

Just plain ph’d water for the last 2 feeds, I have 1 more due today and then I’ll asses to see if they are ready to come down, or need a another feed and a few more days. I’m looking for about 10-15% amber tricomes, and I’m probably at like 3% currently. They are smelling strong! Pungent Pine is what I’m going to call it. Anytime my in-line fan is not pulling air through the filter, my house fills with amazing terps…I appreciate it, my wife on the other hand… so I may need to invest in a secondary filter system if I want to continue to grow that smelly Dank cause I love it! Happy Growing 🇨🇦❤️🌱😎💨

one of the plants was eaten by snails 😕☹️ i have a spare of the same strain that hatches in pellets

Sunday last day of week 11 expecting to cut it down fed banana, molasses, and honey for a final flush with ice, Friday final ice flush. In the dark for 12 hours then cut down for harvest

I am very satisfied with the germination that took place in a few days. 🌱💪 This week I will continue to keep an eye on the development of the plant to prevent it from stretching too much in the first weeks. 🔍 I use BioBizz Light soil which for the first few weeks manages to provide enough nutrients, so I will water with a little water every day, to keep the humidity a little higher, without running the risk of overwatering. 🌊❌

The honeydew fallout from the spotted lanternflys in the maple tree above have gotten out of hand. It's almost a constant mist. The only thing I could think to do beside moving them like an ancient Egyptian was adding a protective canopy of some sort. I wanted to get the clear poly weave but this green one was half price so went with it instead. With the way I have it oriented, it doesn't really block out that much direct sun too. In the morning and afternoon the angle of the sun is able to shine right on the plants. It's kind of a win win because should decrease my chances of mold later down the road towards harvest time if it does decide to rain a bunch. I tried washing the plants once this week with some light soap and water with a little baking soda mixed in. I rinsed with cone setting with hose right after and the plants were praying next day but i didn't have canopy up yet so they got hit again. I spotted several pale green assassin bugs on my plants so now Im a little nervous about washing the plants again because I want to keep them around. They are nymphs right now I may try to collect the ones i see become cleaning the plants one last time. Hanging that canopy was one of the more frustrating things I've done in a while. I wasn't sure If or how it would work but I has some medium gauge synthetic rope I tied to the eyelets and eventual 4 tree limbs. I had to bounce back and forth to get it tension climbing my fruit trees and 8 foot ladder. I originally disassembled an unused tomato trellis i built to use some of the lumber to build a post to tie off on in one corner but it ended up being at the wrong angle relative to the tarp and I started to get worried if a storm ripped it out of the ground. So I opted to used only the surrounding trees. After getting it all tension I realized that it was to far to one side leaving two of the plants almost exposed, so I had to come back the next day and re adjust but now I have it in a pretty good spot. I survived a decent storm already this week. Just hope it lasts. Overall making outside feel slightly leas stressful and anticipating more of a good harvest rather than just an experiment with my first outdoor grown.

Weeks 3 transplant 10L POT wating

Que hay familia, yo aquí entre humos actualizo las misty gorilla auto, seamos sinceros, yo estoy algo decepcionado con el tamaño de la flor, no con el ejemplar ni la calidad solo la cantidad, y es que ahora pienso yo, las autos realmente merece la pena a sabiendo que si ciclo es parecido al de una feminizadas? 4 semanas crecimiento 8/9 floración? No no merecen la pena seamos realistas si queremos cultivar en interior lo mejor que podemos hacer es comprar semillas feminizadas y asegurar tu cultivo. Y dejar solo las autos para gente que no se puede permitir un indoor y tenga que cultivarlo en terraza y así cultivar todo el año . Ph regulado ya quite alimentación y limpie raíces, las e sacado a la terraza, desmontó Indoor me mudo y ampliamos zona de comfort. Hasta aquí es todo gente un saludo y muy buenos humos 💨💨💨

1/21: I rotated the edge plants and foliar fed with big bloom a few times today. 1/22: I fed them about 3/4 gallon each after top-dressing their pots with a heaping tablespoon of happy frog cavern culture( bat and seabird guano). That will make some P and K available to them over the next 2 weeks as they begin to flower. Aside from that, I went with full strength veg nutes because I'm still seeing some yellowing and som cal-mag deficiencies. I also added some more liquid molasses. They're gonna need the energy as they start their stretch. I foliar fed a few times throughout the day with big bloom. 1/23: EXPLOSIVE GROWTH last night...love it...everybody is stretching...pretty sure the 14/10 photoperiod is working!! I foliar fed with big bloom a few times today. 1/24: These are the puniest plants so far, but they are starting to show me some lateral growth. 1/25: I watered each of them with a half-gallon including bembe, cal-mag, signal, armor si, and humic acid. 1/26: Flowering! 1/27: That's it for week 5-

Day 58, 7th of November 2020: The 6th day since the lamp switched to be 12/12... I raised up the nutrition intake as it can be seen above only the BioBizz family 2ml/l and removed some LST because the plant remains in shape or just set a bit but nothing significant.... Amazing really really beautiful lady this one....strech is on the way..... 😅 Nice smell Inreally like this strong stable genetics. Nothing really to report there is crazy 2-3 weeks from now ;) ;)

Well what did we say at the start? A diamond in the rough? All that is gold does not glitter? This Xtrakush try-out by weedseeds.site is turning out to be quite the surprise and joy, I might add. Consider this: - She had 2 weeks less of growing time - Had a potmate, removed last week cause it was male, see the hole in the grow. - This seed is 1,50 dollar, her roommates at 10 to 12 dollar a seed. - See the flower growth in one week. It is stunning. - She almost covered the hole of her roommate in a week. No defoliation, nothing. This soil and light combination rocks. I think Im proving at as we go here. Totally enjoying this grow and its ups and downs. Thanks again for reading up and all the likes guys!!

Great strain! Very simple at all levels and with great results. I harvested 2 plants with 79 days and 2 plants with 83 days. I trim with little work due to the small amount of leaves. uniform, fat and crystallized buds. 505gr of wet buds. they are drying, as soon as they are dry I will update again.After 12 days of drying, 166gr of dried buds. Happy Growings to all 💚🌱💪🙏