My homework. Rubisco regeneration is intrinsically linked to nitrogen supply because Rubisco is a major sink for nitrogen in plants, typically accounting for 15% to over 25% of total leaf nitrogen. The regeneration phase itself consumes nitrogen through the synthesis of the Rubisco enzyme and associated proteins (like Rubisco activase), and overall nitrogen status heavily influences the efficiency of RuBP regeneration.Structural Component: Nitrogen is an essential building block for all proteins, and the sheer abundance of the Rubisco protein makes it the single largest storage of nitrogen in the leaf. Synthesis and Activity: Adequate nitrogen supply is crucial for the synthesis and maintenance of sufficient Rubisco enzyme and Rubisco activase (Rca), the regulatory protein responsible for maintaining Rubisco's active state. Nitrogen deficiency leads to a decrease in the content and activity of both Rubisco and Rca, which in turn limits the maximum carboxylation rate, Vmax, and the rate of RuBP regeneration Jmax, thus reducing overall photosynthetic capacity. Nitrogen Storage and Remobilization: Rubisco can act as a temporary nitrogen storage protein, which is degraded to remobilize nitrogen to other growing parts of the plant, especially under conditions of nitrogen deficiency or senescence. Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE): The allocation of nitrogen to Rubisco is a key determinant of a plant's photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency (PNUE). In high-nitrogen conditions, plants may accumulate a surplus of Rubisco, which may not be fully activated, leading to a lower PNUE. Optimizing the amount and activity of Rubisco relative to nitrogen availability is a target for improving crop NUE. Photorespiration and Nitrogen Metabolism: Nitrogen metabolism is also linked to the photorespiration pathway (which competes with carboxylation at the Rubisco active site), particularly in the reassimilation of ammonia released during the process. To increase RuBisCO regeneration, which refers to the process of forming the CO2 acceptor molecule Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) during photosynthesis, the primary methods involve optimizing the levels and activity of Rubisco activase (Rca) and enhancing the performance of other Calvin-Benson-Bassham (CBB) cycle enzymes. Biochemical and Environmental Approaches: Optimize Rubisco Activase (Rca) activity: Rca is a crucial chaperone protein that removes inhibitory sugar phosphates, such as CA1P (2-carboxy-D-arabinitol 1-phosphate), from the Rubisco active site, thus maintaining its catalytic competence. •Ensure optimal light conditions: Rca is light-activated via the chloroplast's redox status. Adequate light intensity ensures Rca can effectively maintain Rubisco in its active, carbamylated state. •Maintain optimal temperature: Rca is highly temperature-sensitive and can become unstable at moderately high temperatures (e.g., above 35°C/95F° in many C3 plants), which decreases its ability to activate Rubisco. Maintaining temperatures within the optimal range for a specific plant species is important. •Optimize Mg2+ concentration: Mg2+ is a key cofactor for both Rubisco carbamylation and Rca activity. In the light, Mg2+ concentration in the chloroplast stroma increases, promoting activation. •Manage ATP/ADP ratio: Rca activity depends on ATP hydrolysis and is inhibited by ADP. Conditions that maintain a high ATP/ADP ratio in the chloroplast stroma favor Rca activity. Enhance Calvin-Benson-Bassham (CBB) cycle enzyme activity: The overall rate of RuBP regeneration can be limited by other enzymes in the cycle. •Increase SBPase activity: Sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase (SBPase) is a key regulatory enzyme in the regeneration pathway, and increasing its activity can enhance RuBP regeneration and overall photosynthesis. •Optimize other enzymes: Overexpression of other CBB cycle enzymes such as fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (FBA) and triose phosphate isomerase (TPI) can also help to balance the metabolic flux and improve RuBP regeneration capacity. Magnesium ions, Mg2+, are specifically required for Rubisco activation because the cation plays a critical structural and chemical role in forming the active site: A specific lysine residue in the active site must be carbamylated by a CO2 molecule to activate the enzyme. The resulting negatively charged carbamyl group then facilitates the binding of the positively charged Mg2+ion. While other divalent metal ions like Mn2+ can bind to Rubisco, they alter the enzyme's substrate specificity and lead to dramatically lower activity or a higher rate of the non-productive oxygenation reaction compared to Mg2+, making them biologically unfavorable in the context of efficient carbon fixation. The concentration of Mg2+ in the chloroplast stroma naturally increases in the light due to ion potential balancing during ATP synthesis, providing a physiological mechanism to ensure the enzyme is activated when photosynthesis is possible. At the center of the porphyrin ring, nestled within its nitrogen atoms, is a Magnesium ion (Mg2+). This magnesium ion is crucial for the function of chlorophyll, and without it, the pigment cannot effectively capture and transfer light energy. Mg acts as a cofactor: Mg2+ binds to Rubisco after an activator CO2 molecule, forming a catalytically competent complex (Enzyme-CO2-Mg2+). High light + CO2) increases demand: Under high light (60 DLI is a very high intensity, potentially saturating) and high CO2, the plant's capacity for photosynthesis is high, and thus the demand for activated Rubisco and the necessary Mg2+ cofactor increases. Mg deficiency becomes limiting: If Mg2+ is deficient under these conditions, the higher levels of Rubisco and Rubisco activase produced cannot be fully activated, leading to lower photosynthetic rates and potential photo-oxidative damage. Optimal range: Studies show that adequate Mg2+ application can enhance Rubisco activation and stabilize net photosynthetic rates under stress conditions, but the required concentration is specific to the experimental setup. Monitoring is key: The most effective approach in a controlled environment is to monitor the plant's physiological responses e.g., leaf Mg2+ concentration, photosynthetic rate, Rubisco activation state, and adjust the nutrient solution/fertilizer to maintain adequate levels, rather than supplementing a fixed "extra" amount. In practice, this means ensuring that Mg2+ is not a limiting factor in the plant's standard nutrient solution when pushing the limits with high light and CO2. Applying Mg2+ through foliar spray is beneficial to Rubisco regeneration, particularly in alleviating the negative effects of magnesium (Mg) deficiency and high-temperature stress (HTS). While Mg can be leached from soil, within the plant it is considered a mobile nutrient, particularly in the phloem. Foliar-applied Mg is quickly absorbed by the leaves and can be translocate to other plant parts, including new growth and sink organs. Foliar application of: NATURES VERY OWN MgSO4 @ 15.0g L-1 in a spray bottle. Foliar sprays are often recommended as a rapid rescue measure for existing deficiencies or as a supplement during critical growth stages, when demand for Mg is high. Application in the early morning or late evening can improve absorption and prevent leaf burn. The starting point [of creativity] is curiosity: pondering why the default exists in the first place. We’re driven to question defaults when we experience vuja de, the opposite of déjà vu. Déjà vu occurs when we encounter something new, but it feels as if we’ve seen it before. Vuja de is the reverse—we face something familiar, but we see it with a fresh perspective that enables us to gain new insights into old problems.

Should I defoliate more . Just did a major strip But it doesn’t seem to be getting enough light down into the canopy

As usual this Forgotten Cookies🔥🍪 from Mephisto genetics is a beast of a plant! Reaching over 4 foot y’all and 3 foot wide this plant will hands down produce some solid weight! 🔥🔥🔥 Smells of fresh brewed coffee and baked buttery dough are spot on the best way to describe the smells pouring from this autoflower! ☕️🥐 Closing in on it’s life cycle i will closely start watching trichomes in the next week or two and then begin a good week long flush with 48 hours of darkness! I will start a timer and give the plant some cold night to bring out the plants true colors 😈

Still in the HPS tent but now they are under the LED again and doing pretty well as the roots are filling the pots out they are eating faster. Did a couple foliar feeds with the Growzyme at less than 1 ML/Gal which they seem to like. Hoping to get a little more vertical growth before they kick into flower. Also been doing some bottom feeding which I have been experimenting with a little bit. It seems to increase rate of growth and the plants seem a little happier when I do a few feeds like that in a row. REMEMBER , IF YOUR SHOPPING FOR GEAR YOU CAN USE THE CODE “BANGDANG” FOR 10% OFF YOUR ENTIRE PURCHASE FROM ANY OF THE FOLLOWING COMPANIES. @greenbuzzliquids @rainscience_growbags @gorilla_grow_tent @growlightscience.led *****Gorilla grow tent discounts extend to all companies affiliated with grow strong industries which include..***** @super.closet Lotus Nutrients Kind LED grow lights

Phenotipos muy similares pero con problemas de Hermafroditismo, tuvimos que cortar los bajos para que no se polenize lo demas.. Producto final increíble! Terpenos a auténtico Gelato dulce y cremoso con toques Gassy que la hace casi perfecta en mi paladar! Planta pequeña con pocas ramas y cosecha poca-media de calidad top!

The Royal Haze is still producing new flowers, The Banana Punch looking close to harvest. GSC still not flowering

Just transplanted them into their final 50 L pots

Cut the plants down on the 24th of April, drying room levels are 72°F and around 60%RH, I'm currently on Day #14 of drying and the buds don't feel fully dry yet, the main tops feel crunchy and dry but the lower smaller buds are still quite moist and smell like chlorophyll, I think I may harvest the main tops so I don't overdry and leave the rest in the tent for another few days, either that or put the rest of the buds in a brown paper bag to finish drying. Finished dry trimming the plant ended up with 200 grams dry weight not including trim there's another 2 ounces of trim which if you want to include that would bring the total weight from this 250W LED to 256 grams. I'm super happy with the result of this especially for my first grow and from one autoflower, it can only get better from here on out. FYI Not sure why I can't edit the lights I used but the bloomgro 600W LED is PULLING AN ACTUAL 250W FROM THE WALL so the gram/watt should be .8g/W

Bị mốc nếu không tôi sẽ để thêm 2 tuần nữa 😂 vậy nhưng chồi lớn và nặng đến nỗi chúng đổ xuống ngay khi tôi cắt sợi dây giữ cành.

Finally we are done, I spent one 10 months on Durban Poison, this is my best sativa strain and im absolutely in love. So next report will be with some Clones of Durban Poison.

Both girls are healthy and happy. Buds are solid although still a bit small. Today my Mars Hydro TSW2000 arrived and it's already unpacked and hung. I raised the light dustance to 45 cm. I also moved the cheapo 100w LED to 2 new FastBuds Zkittlz Auto seedlings. Wow, what a difference good lighting makes!! The Mars Hydro TSW2000 is well made, easy to install and bright-ass daylight LED!! I expect to see significant fattening of the buds over the next 2-3 weeks. Update: I swear the existing buds doubled in size within the last 24 hrs after switching out the light to the Mars Hydro. I'm excited to see how these 2 finish. 4/22 update: I'll be damned! The box from the new light (which is heavy, double wall corrugated) fell onto both plants...I heard snapping everywhere! Good ole electrical tape to the rescue!! These girls look wounded with all this black tape! It's several hours after bandaging and I see no wilting or noticable changes....keeping my fingers crossed! The videos show both plants pretty well recovered from the damage except the purple stems and veins. I have some cal/mag coming Monday.... hoping that will fix that issue. Both are loving this new light and continue to pack on the bud weight.

She looks extremely frosty and stink like good lemony shit it's crazy but she doesn't smell like the other phenotype I have of lemon pie,she smells very citric but very floral at the same time, very sweet, her sister smells just like moby dick. Can't wait to try this lady 😍

11 days of drying. I just trimmed her and put her in glass jars to cure. Trim was not to bad, got through her in about 1.5 hours. I sampled this one alot while drying so her end weight is be more, maybe 5 grams. Her offical weigh was 61grams. The wet weight consist of entire plant. Branches and all which wad 465grams.

It's too hot, I had to switch my hps to 400w -------------------------------------------------------- Grow Room: trafika urban hydroponics 100x100x200 cm Lamp: kit trafika urban hydroponics ballast & lampe HPS : 250-600w Extractor & carbon filter : Mars hydro 6 inch 402 CFM ( power 3/10 ) Soil : 20% perlite, 20% vermiculite, 60% universal soil Average daily temperature & humidity : 24-30°C 40-60% Average nigth temperature & humidity : 14-22°C & 50-70 %

Uno de los mejores cultivos que he tenido

The plants seem to be growing very fast very strong. thank you for reading I will continue to update have a happy grow

Let me guys know what you think! Feedback is always appreciated! 😎😎🙌 [DE] Tage sind an den Bildern angegeben - Video Update - Pflanzen entwickeln sich sehr gut - EC wird hochgefahren - langsam wird weniger N gegeben - Entlauben in den nächsten Tagen [EN] Days are on pictures - Video Update - Plants are developing very well - EC is driven higher - Start to give less N with fertilizer - Defolitation in the next days

Only 1cm vertical growth this week, but she's been pushing out some leaves! She seems happy so far.