Está semana cortamos la Dark rose #3 cosmopolis 5 comentarios y Dark rose #2

Yellow butterfly came to see me the other day; that was nice. Starting to show signs of stress on the odd leaf, localized isolated blips, blemishes, who said growing up was going to be easy! Smaller leaves have less surface area for stomata to occupy, so the stomata are packed more densely to maintain adequate gas exchange. Smaller leaves might have higher stomatal density to compensate for their smaller size, potentially maximizing carbon uptake and minimizing water loss. Environmental conditions like light intensity and water availability can influence stomatal density, and these factors can affect leaf size as well. Leaf development involves cell division and expansion, and stomatal differentiation is sensitive to these processes. In essence, the smaller leaf size can lead to a higher stomatal density due to the constraints of available space and the need to optimize gas exchange for photosynthesis and transpiration. In the long term, UV-B radiation can lead to more complex changes in stomatal morphology, including effects on both stomatal density and size, potentially impacting carbon sequestration and water use. In essence, UV-B can be a double-edged sword for stomata: It can induce stomatal closure and potentially reduce stomatal size, but it may also trigger an increase in stomatal density as a compensatory mechanism. It is generally more efficient for gas exchange to have smaller leaves with a higher stomatal density, rather than large leaves with lower stomatal density. This is because smaller stomata can facilitate faster gas exchange due to shorter diffusion pathways, even though they may have the same total pore area as fewer, larger stomata. Leaf size tends to decrease in colder climates to reduce heat loss, while larger leaves are more common in warmer, humid environments. Plants in arid regions often develop smaller leaves with a thicker cuticle and/or hairs to minimize water loss through transpiration. Conversely, plants in wet environments may have larger leaves and drip tips to facilitate water runoff. Leaf size and shape can vary based on light availability. For example, leaves in shaded areas may be larger and thinner to maximize light absorption. Leaf mass per area (LMA) can be higher in stressful environments with limited nutrients, indicating a greater investment in structural components for protection and critical resource conservation. Wind speed, humidity, and soil conditions can also influence leaf morphology, leading to variations in leaf shape, size, and surface characteristics. Small leaves: Reduce water loss in arid or cold climates. Environmental conditions significantly affect gene expression in plants. Plants are sessile organisms, meaning they cannot move to escape unfavorable conditions, so they rely on gene expression to adapt to their surroundings. Environmental factors like light, temperature, water, and nutrient availability can trigger changes in gene expression, allowing plants to respond to and survive in diverse environments. Depending on the environment a young seedling encounters, the developmental program following seed germination could be skotomorphogenesis in the dark or photomorphogenesis in the light. Light signals are interpreted by a repertoire of photoreceptors followed by sophisticated gene expression networks, eventually resulting in developmental changes. The expression and functions of photoreceptors and key signaling molecules are highly coordinated and regulated at multiple levels of the central dogma in molecular biology. Light activates gene expression through the actions of positive transcriptional regulators and the relaxation of chromatin by histone acetylation. Small regulatory RNAs help attenuate the expression of light-responsive genes. Alternative splicing, protein phosphorylation/dephosphorylation, the formation of diverse transcriptional complexes, and selective protein degradation all contribute to proteome diversity and change the functions of individual proteins. Photomorphogenesis, the light-driven developmental changes in plants, significantly impacts gene expression. It involves a cascade of events where light signals, perceived by photoreceptors, trigger changes in gene expression patterns, ultimately leading to the development of a plant in response to its light environment. Genes are expressed, not dictated! While having the potential to encode proteins, genes are not automatically and constantly active. Instead, their expression (the process of turning them into proteins) is carefully regulated by the cell, responding to internal and external signals. This means that genes can be "turned on" or "turned off," and the level of expression can be adjusted, depending on the cell's needs and the surrounding environment. In plants, genes are not simply "on" or "off" but rather their expression is carefully regulated based on various factors, including the cell type, developmental stage, and environmental conditions. This means that while all cells in a plant contain the same genetic information (the same genes), different cells will express different subsets of those genes at different times. This regulation is crucial for the proper functioning and development of the plant. When a green plant is exposed to red light, much of the red light is absorbed, but some is also reflected back. The reflected red light, along with any blue light reflected from other parts of the plant, can be perceived by our eyes as purple. Carotenoids absorb light in blue-green region of the visible spectrum, complementing chlorophyll's absorption in the red region. They safeguard the photosynthetic machinery from excessive light by activating singlet oxygen, an oxidant formed during photosynthesis. Carotenoids also quench triplet chlorophyll, which can negatively affect photosynthesis, and scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can damage cellular proteins. Additionally, carotenoid derivatives signal plant development and responses to environmental cues. They serve as precursors for the biosynthesis of phytohormones such as abscisic acid () and strigolactones (SLs). These pigments are responsible for the orange, red, and yellow hues of fruits and vegetables, while acting as free scavengers to protect plants during photosynthesis. Singlet oxygen (¹O₂) is an electronically excited state of molecular oxygen (O₂). Singlet oxygen is produced as a byproduct during photosynthesis, primarily within the photosystem II (PSII) reaction center and light-harvesting antenna complex. This occurs when excess energy from excited chlorophyll molecules is transferred to molecular oxygen. While singlet oxygen can cause oxidative damage, plants have mechanisms to manage its production and mitigate its harmful effects. Singlet oxygen (¹O₂) is considered a reactive oxygen species (ROS). It's a form of oxygen with higher energy and reactivity compared to the more common triplet oxygen found in its ground state. Singlet oxygen is generated both in biological systems, such as during photosynthesis in plants, and in cellular processes, and through chemical and photochemical reactions. While singlet oxygen is a ROS, it's important to note that it differs from other ROS like superoxide (O₂⁻), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), and hydroxyl radicals (OH) in its formation, reactivity, and specific biological roles. Non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) protects plants from damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) by dissipating excess light energy as heat. This process reduces the overexcitation of photosynthetic pigments, which can lead to the production of ROS, thus mitigating the potential for photodamage. Zeaxanthin, a carotenoid pigment, plays a crucial role in photoprotection in plants by both enhancing non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS). In high-light conditions, zeaxanthin is synthesized from violaxanthin through the xanthophyll cycle, and this zeaxanthin then facilitates heat dissipation of excess light energy (NPQ) and quenches harmful ROS. The Issue of Singlet Oxygen!! ROS Formation: Blue light, with its higher energy photons, can promote the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), including singlet oxygen, within the plant. Potential Damage: High levels of ROS can damage cellular components, including proteins, lipids, and DNA, potentially impacting plant health and productivity. Balancing Act: A balanced spectrum of light, including both blue and red light, is crucial for mitigating the harmful effects of excessive blue light and promoting optimal plant growth and stress tolerance. The Importance of Red Light: Red light (especially far-red) can help to mitigate the negative effects of excessive blue light by: Balancing the Photoreceptor Response: Red light can influence the activity of photoreceptors like phytochrome, which are involved in regulating plant responses to different light wavelengths. Enhancing Antioxidant Production: Red and blue light can stimulate the production of antioxidants, which help to neutralize ROS and protect the plant from oxidative damage. Optimizing Photosynthesis: Red light is efficiently used in photosynthesis, and its combination with blue light can lead to increased photosynthetic efficiency and biomass production. In controlled environments like greenhouses and vertical farms, optimizing the ratio of blue and red light is a key strategy for promoting healthy plant growth and yield. Understanding the interplay between blue light signaling, ROS production, and antioxidant defense mechanisms can inform breeding programs and biotechnological interventions aimed at improving plant stress resistance. In summary, while blue light is essential for plant development and photosynthesis, it's crucial to balance it with other light wavelengths, particularly red light, to prevent excessive ROS formation and promote overall plant health. Oxidative damage in plants occurs when there's an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the plant's ability to neutralize them, leading to cellular damage. This imbalance, known as oxidative stress, can result from various environmental stressors, affecting plant growth, development, and overall productivity. Causes of Oxidative Damage: Abiotic stresses: These include extreme temperatures (heat and cold), drought, salinity, heavy metal toxicity, and excessive light. Biotic stresses: Pathogen attacks and insect infestations can also trigger oxidative stress. Metabolic processes: Normal cellular activities, particularly in chloroplasts, mitochondria, and peroxisomes, can generate ROS as byproducts. Certain chlorophyll biosynthesis intermediates can produce singlet oxygen (1O2), a potent ROS, leading to oxidative damage. ROS can damage lipids (lipid peroxidation), proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids (DNA). Oxidative stress can compromise the integrity of cell membranes, affecting their function and permeability. Oxidative damage can interfere with essential cellular functions, including photosynthesis, respiration, and signal transduction. In severe cases, oxidative stress can trigger programmed cell death (apoptosis). Oxidative damage can lead to stunted growth, reduced biomass, and lower crop yields. Plants have evolved intricate antioxidant defense systems to counteract oxidative stress. These include: Enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and various peroxidases scavenge ROS and neutralize their damaging effects. Antioxidant molecules like glutathione, ascorbic acid (vitamin C), C60 fullerene, and carotenoids directly neutralize ROS. Developing plant varieties with gene expression focused on enhanced antioxidant capacity and stress tolerance is crucial. Optimizing irrigation, fertilization, and other management practices can help minimize stress and oxidative damage. Applying antioxidant compounds or elicitors can help plants cope with oxidative stress. Introducing genes for enhanced antioxidant enzymes or stress-related proteins over generations. Phytohormones, also known as plant hormones, are a group of naturally occurring organic compounds that regulate plant growth, development, and various physiological processes. The five major classes of phytohormones are: auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, ethylene, and abscisic acid. In addition to these, other phytohormones like brassinosteroids, jasmonates, and salicylates also play significant roles. Here's a breakdown of the key phytohormones: Auxins: Primarily involved in cell elongation, root initiation, and apical dominance. Gibberellins: Promote stem elongation, seed germination, and flowering. Cytokinins: Stimulate cell division and differentiation, and delay leaf senescence. Ethylene: Regulates fruit ripening, leaf abscission, and senescence. Abscisic acid (ABA): Plays a role in seed dormancy, stomatal closure, and stress responses. Brassinosteroids: Involved in cell elongation, division, and stress responses. Jasmonates: Regulate plant defense against pathogens and herbivores, as well as other processes. Salicylic acid: Plays a role in plant defense against pathogens. 1. Red and Far-Red Light (Phytochromes): Red light: Primarily activates the phytochrome system, converting it to its active form (Pfr), which promotes processes like stem elongation and flowering. Far-red light: Inhibits the phytochrome system by converting the active Pfr form back to the inactive Pr form. This can trigger shade avoidance responses and inhibit germination. Phytohormones: Red and far-red light regulate phytohormones like auxin and gibberellins, which are involved in stem elongation and other growth processes. 2. Blue Light (Cryptochromes and Phototropins): Blue light: Activates cryptochromes and phototropins, which are involved in various processes like stomatal opening, seedling de-etiolation, and phototropism (growth towards light). Phytohormones: Blue light affects auxin levels, influencing stem growth, and also impacts other phytohormones involved in these processes. Example: Blue light can promote vegetative growth and can interact with red light to promote flowering. 3. UV-B Light (UV-B Receptors): UV-B light: Perceived by UVR8 receptors, it can affect plant growth and development and has roles in stress responses, like UV protection. Phytohormones: UV-B light can influence phytohormones involved in stress responses, potentially affecting growth and development. 4. Other Colors: Green light: Plants are generally less sensitive to green light, as chlorophyll reflects it. Other wavelengths: While less studied, other wavelengths can also influence plant growth and development through interactions with different photoreceptors and phytohormones. Key Points: Cross-Signaling: Plants often experience a mix of light wavelengths, leading to complex interactions between different photoreceptors and phytohormones. Species Variability: The precise effects of light color on phytohormones can vary between different plant species. Hormonal Interactions: Phytohormones don't act in isolation; their interactions and interplay with other phytohormones and environmental signals are critical for plant responses. The spectral ratio of light (the composition of different colors of light) significantly influences a plant's hormonal balance. Different wavelengths of light are perceived by specific photoreceptors in plants, which in turn regulate the production and activity of various plant hormones (phytohormones). These hormones then control a wide range of developmental processes.

Grow diary 11 Stage 2 Days 11-20 The light schedule was altered to 19/5 on day 11 and the 6 inch distance was maintained until she went into the main tent. Lights on 7pm off 2pm Day 12 was the 1st time she was watered/fed since day 6 when it was soaked for transplant. After day 12 she was fed 300ml every day and the run off checked to make sure everything was in range. Day 18 she was topped after the 2nd set of nodes. She wasn't quite ready yesterday when i did the other 3 strains, and i forgot to take picture's. I'm thinking of removing the lowest set of nodes in a few days and doing a small mainlining project, She was moved into my new main tent (gorilla shorty gt225). The light is my mars hydro TS1000 set at 50% power 20 inch above the canopy. The wilma system is just hydroton/clay balls, and the feeds are on at 8pm for 15mins and on at 12.30pm for 15mins. Day 20 she seems to be adjusting to the topping and the transplant. I'm happy with how the last 9/10 days have gone, its still been mega hot and i have managed to battle the heat quite well so the plants haven't suffered. At the moment all 4 strains are at about the same point in growth. Temp Max 27.8c Avg 23.8c Min 19.4c Humid Max 69.5% Avg 55.7% Min 45.4% VPD Max 1.98 Avg 1.32 Min 0.71 Hope to be back in 10 days without hitting any problems.

Hello everyone

Days 74 - 80 (from seed) 4/15/24 - 4/21/24 Lamp distance: 13" @ 50% power (estimate PAR?) VPD: not checking - humidity set to 40% Feed schedule: feed schedule once a week, 1/4 gallon water per plant daily - FPE added at 2oz per gallon every third day IPM: visual inspection only Notes: Final push, fading occurring on all plants now and some amber starting to show during trichome inspection. Cookies & Berries taking the most time of the group to finish while Mango Sky crossed the finish line first. All four plants will be chopped next week on the morning after the full moon, April 24th - according to the moon gardening calendar it is "best time to pick medicinal herbs and plants, while flowers if cut during this time have an intense scent and endure longer." They're close to finished in my book so it can't hurt to follow the lunar suggestion.

Lots of sun the hole week! Waiting for the bud juice to arrive!

Only new for this week is that topmax dose increased to 4ml/L. There was a light defol made on HC#2. Some leaves from main stem that had kept few buds hidden were removed.

What a fun run this was ! These Ogreberrys finished up from 81 days to 102 days with nice hints of gassy , sour purple , sweetness and glistening with frost! These ladies will cure up for a month an will be ready to test out ! So much fun , I highly recommend this strain if your looking for some oooy gooohy resiny grape smelling nugs !

Day 35 and its time to start and move some of my parameters 😅 so : - i dimmed down my lights to a 75%, -I brought down my humidity levels to 53% By doing this im raising my VPD up to 1.41 kPa My runout is coming with a perfect ph off 6.3 but my ec came out at 1.1 so I’m also raising up my ec to 1.9 for what will provably b the last week off nutrients, by the look of it somewhere around next week I will start flushing my lovely girls 😇 Day 37 and all going as supposed 😇😅🤞 I will keep giving my girls all of my love ❤️😇🤞🙏 Day 42 and they just had they’re last nutrients feed, time to start flushing this beautiful girls and let them finish nice, by my counts still have a good 3 weeks till harvest , lets see how they evolve 🤞😅 As for the smells department, OMFG they are amazing 🤩 i can smell tangerines mixed with mangoes and limes , and breezes of pine mixed with a chocolate mint mix .... absolutely lovely ☺️ felling blessed by this Girls 🙌🙌🙌🙌😅🤩😇 5x White Mango WM 5x Alasken Purple AP 4x Blueberry BB 3x SAD S1 2x Badazz Cookies BC 19 in total for a 4x8x6 - 1,2x2,4x2 Light Lumatek Zeus 465W compact pro 2x at 75% All i Grow is medicine for myself, Stay safe, stay tuned and B Happy and do it for the love Peace ✌️ D

July 7, 2020 update... Houston... We have lift off!!! Flowering has officially begun with all four ladies. The actual heights of the 4 ladies is as follows 24" & 26" (indoors) and 21" & 24" (outdoors). The indoor plants are also much bushier and have more nodes. The outdoor plants are looking more like old school autos just focusing on a main central cola. I gave all of the ladies a LST bend and tied them down at a 45 degree angle. This is to allow better light penetration to the lower bud sites and usually results in several branches producing fat colas, not just the top. I am starting to see some bug damage on the outdoor girls. I have been trying to use companion planting of Basil, Chives, Spearmint, and Oregano as natural bug deterrents, but that's not working as well as I had hoped. I also sprayed them once with Safer End-All. Its OMRI listed and recommended by 'The Rev' of Skunk Magazine and True Living Organic fame. I'd prefer not to spray them again, especially as they get farther into flower. Any suggestions for keeping bugs away from my girls would be appreciated - hit me up in the comments. 👍

Day 31, started the low stress training on my plant

Day 63 - lookin good.... haha.... um, tanks stabilized, ph 5.8 - ppm 1200 .... she's feedin alot..... buds are fillin and lotsa white furries.... listed the nutes and amounts etc.., but i'm kinda feeding her as she needs.... so every few days she is drinking 2 lts +- and i'm just mixing up a neut solution in a 2 lt bottle every day or 2 ..... sometimes she just wants abit of water...... Day 64 +vid....shows her deep green and gloss... abit of crystalic :) Day 65 - vids pics.... trimmed her, and abit of bending.... Added blood and bone.... she's stretching alot, 60cm+ ........ Day 67 took all the early buds on all the stringy 0ff shoots.... Poor lighting vids, but don't want to mess with her flowering, :) 👍😎👊

🍼Greenhouse Feeding BioGrow ⛺️MARSHYDRO The ⛺️ has a small door 🚪 on the sides which is useful for mid section groom room work. 🤩 ☀️ by VIPARSPECTRA (models: P2000 & XS 2000)

Familia, estoy de vuelta y actualizo la cuarta semana de estas blue spider dé Zambezaseeds. Tienen alguna carencia que próximamente a de ser solucionada 💪 espero la próxima semana se solvente. Por lo demás fenómeno las flores ya están formando tricomas y me encanta. Aparte de que siguen formándose progresivamente todas sus flores. Agrobeta: https://www.agrobeta.com/agrobetatiendaonline/36-abonos-canamo Mars hydro: Code discount: EL420 https://www.mars-hydro.com/ Las maximas de temperatura no superan los 26 grados y las mínimas no bajan 20, así que no me puedo quejar. Los niveles de humedad también son los correctos van entre 50%/65% de humedad relativa. Por supuesto el Ph lo estamos dejando alrededor de 6. Hasta aquí es todo, buenos humos 💨💨💨.

This week went very well! One will be getting cut an hung to dry while the rest finish up with one more week of flush ! These ladies are smelling so lovely I hope you all enjoy! Stay tuned for next week! Cheers 😤💨💨💨💨💨

14 l Pots for the beasties

cada dia mas glotonas mis bellas, estoy aplicando riego casi día por medio, solo una vez a la semana las abono, el resto solo con agua. hice algunos amarres a los tutores ya que están en pleno crecimiento

I’m to busy sorry

Photoperiod buds 🤩 The smell is absolutely divine very fruity,sweet & tropical🍋🍊🍉🍌 Solid like a diamond 💎 Bay harbor butcher’s trim to show the density

Week 4 veg she looking happy.