Seemed like a good point to flower... i put a ton of slack in the ties in preparation for the stretch, i'm hoping the small split will close during this time ...gave first splash of bloom nutes with a small dash of cal-mag to be proactive ... i think she'll finish with a beautiful shape :)

Fo' Twenny Back with another update on our GelatO.G from Seedsman. She is looking really awesome. She keeps stacking on the calyxes and getting frosty! Overall, super healthy with leaves "praying" to the canna-gods! Now, on with the deets! LIGHTING: Increased lighting at dimmer last week with good results. Was about 70k LUX on average @ Canopy. Turning it up a bit more this week. 8 Outer Boards @ 665.5w 6 Inner Boards @ 601w LUX APP MAXES OUT READING 78750 LUX @ Canopy. Lets hope its not too much! RHIZOSPHERE: If you didn't tune into the last update, I had just flushed pots due to high PPM runoff. pH of runoff was at 6.3. PPM and pH are tested using 2 separate calibrated BlueLab meters. All Water/Fertilizer is shared by 3.25 plants (.25 because autoflower gets less than a quarter the volume of the larger plants) 2 GAL PLAIN H20 w/fungicide prior to feed PH to 6.0 1 tsp/gal of Southern AG Garden Friendly Fungicide - Bacillus bacteria known as Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens (OMRI Organic Bacterial Innocclant/compare to Hydroguard) Waited 15 minutes after plain H2O and fungicide 5 gallon tap H20 through 2 KDF filters START PH: 7.5 (taken from reservoir that contains impurities/residue from previous feeds) START PPM: 500 (also taken from reservoir) TEMP: 76°F .125 tsp Ascorbic Acid added to help reduce chlorine/chloramine WEEK 4 FEED SCHEDULE: .5 tsp/gal Sledgehammer (Surfactant) .125 tsp/gal Gringo Rasta Cal-Mag 1 tsp/gal BIG Bloom .5 tsp/gal Grow Big .5 tsp/gal Tiger Bloom .25 tsp/gal Kelp Me Kelp You .75 tsp/gal BEMBE .25 tsp/gal Beastie Blooms (Increased due to low ppm of solution) PPM: 1150 Added to Increase PPM .5 tsp/gal Tiger Bloom PPM: 1350 PH: 5.8 1 tsp/gal RECHARGE .6 ml/gal MAMMOTH P PH: 5.9 PPM: 1490 Thanks for checking out my diary. If you liked this diary, check out my other diaries and give me a follow! Until next time... Peace ☮️, Love 💚, And Frosty Nugs ❄️🌲! -Fo'Twenny

It's been another easy week in the Fastbuds tent. I've spent most my energy preparing my outdoor grow space for a wild summer. At this point, there's not much I can do except water and watch my plants grow. I've added videos of other plants in relations to the mimosa cake just for visual aid. I also added a photo of my cheese auto.. it's still drying! With the Mimosa cake auto I've been taking fan leaves off slowly for weeks now. This is a very busy plant. She is also going to run later than I expected. She's on day 76 and I suspect 95 to 100 days to finish time. I'll have to keel feeding her bloom nutes for the next few weeks; her 3 gallon bucket ran out of nutrients already. Feeding schedule: water, feed, water, feed Step 1- I'll take an aeration stone and use it to remove the chlorine residual in the water... this only takes 8 - 12 hours depending on water temperature. (I'm a water treatment process operator, I have checked several times in the past with my own Cl2 meters). Step 2 - add Calmag Step 3- add bloom nutes Final step - pH the water accordingly (very important that this is final step) A TDS residual of 500 ppm equals roughly 1 E.C. (I just double it)

Siamo agli sgoccioli, un altro paio d giorno.. forse settimane e raccogliamo!

Everything is still alive thankfully and smells fuckin tremendous. The pictures were taken on day 49 or 50. I'll probly start flushing some of them over the next week the citradellic are lookin close. They kinda all look close even tho I expected some 70 dayers with the mostly sativa crosses but I gotta get in there and check the trichs. Got all the pics I have up, I realized I didnt have any full plant pics of 2, and minimal of 3 so next feed I'll try to get some and next week I'll make sure I get alot of good ones. I feel like I should start the flush soon this strain seems to finish very quick theres already a good amount of amber trichs at day 50.

She’s in pre flower stage at week 4- the cold, windy, hot, and everything in between has probably forced her a bit early- Raining the past few days and overcast. Looks nice though and she shot up in height!

We are all finished! 79 days from seed, 11 weeks !

First in water, then transfered to a paper towel. 2-3 Days in only two opened up , I dropped all into the soil - eventually the last one also germinated. Eventually, 2 weeks in, they were still not growing much.

Em atualização

So far so good. Have her spreaded. Hopefully she will stretch a little taller in the next week.

She’s starting to flower up real nice smell is starting to get strong top dressing with natureslivingsoil autoflower concentrate

Day 32-26/08/22 so we enter flowing stage now with these 3 Cinderella girls! I haven’t update as I have been unwell and then I was at product earth!!! So we gonna try and get back on track now with the diaries but yeah got a lot of diaries 😂😂 but so far so good! I’ll start giving biobloom this week on next watering!!! Other than that so far so good! They look the same other than the height which is probably due to how there growing under the light!!

Chelsea is doing well. Resin is starting to show on her leaves. Some hairs are showing orange on bud sites. She’s officially taller than my first grow with Durban Poison. I added a bit of Golden Tree this round. Because why not? It’s golden tree!

[DAY 64] - 28/11/2022 - TS1000 45 cm distance - 100% dimmer: 144 watt; - Light cycle 20/4; - Height: 63 cm from clay (the other one is 76 cm); - 21° C - 65% RH during light - 19° C - 75% RH during night; - EC 1.3 - PH 6; - Replaced DWC. [DAY 65] - 29/11/2022 - 21.5° C - 67% RH during light - 19.5° C - 67% RH during night; - EC 1 - PH 6; - Leaf tucking; - Video. [DAY 66] - 30/11/2022 - 21° C - 63% RH during light - 18° C - 68% RH during night; - EC 0.9 - PH 6; - The Kosher is about 15cm taller than the Zkittlez, hopefully the difference will reduce over the next 10 days. [DAY 67] - 1/12/2022 - 20° C - 68% RH during light - 17° C - 78% RH during night; - EC 0.7 - PH 5.9. [DAY 68] - 2/12/2022 - 20° C - 70% RH during light - 20° C - 75% RH during night; - EC 0.8 - PH 6. [DAY 69] - 3/12/2022 - 20° C - 75% RH during light - 19° C - 80% RH during night; - EC 0.9 - PH 6. [DAY 70] - 4/12/2022 - 22° C - 75% RH during light - 18.5° C - 80% RH during night; - EC 1.2 - PH 6.1.

Pre flowers started on my soil grow. Just started seeing one or two white hairs on my hydro girl. Starting to clear up that calcium deficiency as well.

Yellow butterfly came to see me the other day; that was nice. Starting to show signs of stress on the odd leaf, localized isolated blips, blemishes, who said growing up was going to be easy! Smaller leaves have less surface area for stomata to occupy, so the stomata are packed more densely to maintain adequate gas exchange. Smaller leaves might have higher stomatal density to compensate for their smaller size, potentially maximizing carbon uptake and minimizing water loss. Environmental conditions like light intensity and water availability can influence stomatal density, and these factors can affect leaf size as well. Leaf development involves cell division and expansion, and stomatal differentiation is sensitive to these processes. In essence, the smaller leaf size can lead to a higher stomatal density due to the constraints of available space and the need to optimize gas exchange for photosynthesis and transpiration. In the long term, UV-B radiation can lead to more complex changes in stomatal morphology, including effects on both stomatal density and size, potentially impacting carbon sequestration and water use. In essence, UV-B can be a double-edged sword for stomata: It can induce stomatal closure and potentially reduce stomatal size, but it may also trigger an increase in stomatal density as a compensatory mechanism. It is generally more efficient for gas exchange to have smaller leaves with a higher stomatal density, rather than large leaves with lower stomatal density. This is because smaller stomata can facilitate faster gas exchange due to shorter diffusion pathways, even though they may have the same total pore area as fewer, larger stomata. Leaf size tends to decrease in colder climates to reduce heat loss, while larger leaves are more common in warmer, humid environments. Plants in arid regions often develop smaller leaves with a thicker cuticle and/or hairs to minimize water loss through transpiration. Conversely, plants in wet environments may have larger leaves and drip tips to facilitate water runoff. Leaf size and shape can vary based on light availability. For example, leaves in shaded areas may be larger and thinner to maximize light absorption. Leaf mass per area (LMA) can be higher in stressful environments with limited nutrients, indicating a greater investment in structural components for protection and critical resource conservation. Wind speed, humidity, and soil conditions can also influence leaf morphology, leading to variations in leaf shape, size, and surface characteristics. Small leaves: Reduce water loss in arid or cold climates. Environmental conditions significantly affect gene expression in plants. Plants are sessile organisms, meaning they cannot move to escape unfavorable conditions, so they rely on gene expression to adapt to their surroundings. Environmental factors like light, temperature, water, and nutrient availability can trigger changes in gene expression, allowing plants to respond to and survive in diverse environments. Depending on the environment a young seedling encounters, the developmental program following seed germination could be skotomorphogenesis in the dark or photomorphogenesis in the light. Light signals are interpreted by a repertoire of photoreceptors followed by sophisticated gene expression networks, eventually resulting in developmental changes. The expression and functions of photoreceptors and key signaling molecules are highly coordinated and regulated at multiple levels of the central dogma in molecular biology. Light activates gene expression through the actions of positive transcriptional regulators and the relaxation of chromatin by histone acetylation. Small regulatory RNAs help attenuate the expression of light-responsive genes. Alternative splicing, protein phosphorylation/dephosphorylation, the formation of diverse transcriptional complexes, and selective protein degradation all contribute to proteome diversity and change the functions of individual proteins. Photomorphogenesis, the light-driven developmental changes in plants, significantly impacts gene expression. It involves a cascade of events where light signals, perceived by photoreceptors, trigger changes in gene expression patterns, ultimately leading to the development of a plant in response to its light environment. Genes are expressed, not dictated! While having the potential to encode proteins, genes are not automatically and constantly active. Instead, their expression (the process of turning them into proteins) is carefully regulated by the cell, responding to internal and external signals. This means that genes can be "turned on" or "turned off," and the level of expression can be adjusted, depending on the cell's needs and the surrounding environment. In plants, genes are not simply "on" or "off" but rather their expression is carefully regulated based on various factors, including the cell type, developmental stage, and environmental conditions. This means that while all cells in a plant contain the same genetic information (the same genes), different cells will express different subsets of those genes at different times. This regulation is crucial for the proper functioning and development of the plant. When a green plant is exposed to red light, much of the red light is absorbed, but some is also reflected back. The reflected red light, along with any blue light reflected from other parts of the plant, can be perceived by our eyes as purple. Carotenoids absorb light in blue-green region of the visible spectrum, complementing chlorophyll's absorption in the red region. They safeguard the photosynthetic machinery from excessive light by activating singlet oxygen, an oxidant formed during photosynthesis. Carotenoids also quench triplet chlorophyll, which can negatively affect photosynthesis, and scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can damage cellular proteins. Additionally, carotenoid derivatives signal plant development and responses to environmental cues. They serve as precursors for the biosynthesis of phytohormones such as abscisic acid () and strigolactones (SLs). These pigments are responsible for the orange, red, and yellow hues of fruits and vegetables, while acting as free scavengers to protect plants during photosynthesis. Singlet oxygen (¹O₂) is an electronically excited state of molecular oxygen (O₂). Singlet oxygen is produced as a byproduct during photosynthesis, primarily within the photosystem II (PSII) reaction center and light-harvesting antenna complex. This occurs when excess energy from excited chlorophyll molecules is transferred to molecular oxygen. While singlet oxygen can cause oxidative damage, plants have mechanisms to manage its production and mitigate its harmful effects. Singlet oxygen (¹O₂) is considered a reactive oxygen species (ROS). It's a form of oxygen with higher energy and reactivity compared to the more common triplet oxygen found in its ground state. Singlet oxygen is generated both in biological systems, such as during photosynthesis in plants, and in cellular processes, and through chemical and photochemical reactions. While singlet oxygen is a ROS, it's important to note that it differs from other ROS like superoxide (O₂⁻), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), and hydroxyl radicals (OH) in its formation, reactivity, and specific biological roles. Non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) protects plants from damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) by dissipating excess light energy as heat. This process reduces the overexcitation of photosynthetic pigments, which can lead to the production of ROS, thus mitigating the potential for photodamage. Zeaxanthin, a carotenoid pigment, plays a crucial role in photoprotection in plants by both enhancing non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS). In high-light conditions, zeaxanthin is synthesized from violaxanthin through the xanthophyll cycle, and this zeaxanthin then facilitates heat dissipation of excess light energy (NPQ) and quenches harmful ROS. The Issue of Singlet Oxygen!! ROS Formation: Blue light, with its higher energy photons, can promote the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), including singlet oxygen, within the plant. Potential Damage: High levels of ROS can damage cellular components, including proteins, lipids, and DNA, potentially impacting plant health and productivity. Balancing Act: A balanced spectrum of light, including both blue and red light, is crucial for mitigating the harmful effects of excessive blue light and promoting optimal plant growth and stress tolerance. The Importance of Red Light: Red light (especially far-red) can help to mitigate the negative effects of excessive blue light by: Balancing the Photoreceptor Response: Red light can influence the activity of photoreceptors like phytochrome, which are involved in regulating plant responses to different light wavelengths. Enhancing Antioxidant Production: Red and blue light can stimulate the production of antioxidants, which help to neutralize ROS and protect the plant from oxidative damage. Optimizing Photosynthesis: Red light is efficiently used in photosynthesis, and its combination with blue light can lead to increased photosynthetic efficiency and biomass production. In controlled environments like greenhouses and vertical farms, optimizing the ratio of blue and red light is a key strategy for promoting healthy plant growth and yield. Understanding the interplay between blue light signaling, ROS production, and antioxidant defense mechanisms can inform breeding programs and biotechnological interventions aimed at improving plant stress resistance. In summary, while blue light is essential for plant development and photosynthesis, it's crucial to balance it with other light wavelengths, particularly red light, to prevent excessive ROS formation and promote overall plant health. Oxidative damage in plants occurs when there's an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the plant's ability to neutralize them, leading to cellular damage. This imbalance, known as oxidative stress, can result from various environmental stressors, affecting plant growth, development, and overall productivity. Causes of Oxidative Damage: Abiotic stresses: These include extreme temperatures (heat and cold), drought, salinity, heavy metal toxicity, and excessive light. Biotic stresses: Pathogen attacks and insect infestations can also trigger oxidative stress. Metabolic processes: Normal cellular activities, particularly in chloroplasts, mitochondria, and peroxisomes, can generate ROS as byproducts. Certain chlorophyll biosynthesis intermediates can produce singlet oxygen (1O2), a potent ROS, leading to oxidative damage. ROS can damage lipids (lipid peroxidation), proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids (DNA). Oxidative stress can compromise the integrity of cell membranes, affecting their function and permeability. Oxidative damage can interfere with essential cellular functions, including photosynthesis, respiration, and signal transduction. In severe cases, oxidative stress can trigger programmed cell death (apoptosis). Oxidative damage can lead to stunted growth, reduced biomass, and lower crop yields. Plants have evolved intricate antioxidant defense systems to counteract oxidative stress. These include: Enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and various peroxidases scavenge ROS and neutralize their damaging effects. Antioxidant molecules like glutathione, ascorbic acid (vitamin C), C60 fullerene, and carotenoids directly neutralize ROS. Developing plant varieties with gene expression focused on enhanced antioxidant capacity and stress tolerance is crucial. Optimizing irrigation, fertilization, and other management practices can help minimize stress and oxidative damage. Applying antioxidant compounds or elicitors can help plants cope with oxidative stress. Introducing genes for enhanced antioxidant enzymes or stress-related proteins over generations. Phytohormones, also known as plant hormones, are a group of naturally occurring organic compounds that regulate plant growth, development, and various physiological processes. The five major classes of phytohormones are: auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, ethylene, and abscisic acid. In addition to these, other phytohormones like brassinosteroids, jasmonates, and salicylates also play significant roles. Here's a breakdown of the key phytohormones: Auxins: Primarily involved in cell elongation, root initiation, and apical dominance. Gibberellins: Promote stem elongation, seed germination, and flowering. Cytokinins: Stimulate cell division and differentiation, and delay leaf senescence. Ethylene: Regulates fruit ripening, leaf abscission, and senescence. Abscisic acid (ABA): Plays a role in seed dormancy, stomatal closure, and stress responses. Brassinosteroids: Involved in cell elongation, division, and stress responses. Jasmonates: Regulate plant defense against pathogens and herbivores, as well as other processes. Salicylic acid: Plays a role in plant defense against pathogens. 1. Red and Far-Red Light (Phytochromes): Red light: Primarily activates the phytochrome system, converting it to its active form (Pfr), which promotes processes like stem elongation and flowering. Far-red light: Inhibits the phytochrome system by converting the active Pfr form back to the inactive Pr form. This can trigger shade avoidance responses and inhibit germination. Phytohormones: Red and far-red light regulate phytohormones like auxin and gibberellins, which are involved in stem elongation and other growth processes. 2. Blue Light (Cryptochromes and Phototropins): Blue light: Activates cryptochromes and phototropins, which are involved in various processes like stomatal opening, seedling de-etiolation, and phototropism (growth towards light). Phytohormones: Blue light affects auxin levels, influencing stem growth, and also impacts other phytohormones involved in these processes. Example: Blue light can promote vegetative growth and can interact with red light to promote flowering. 3. UV-B Light (UV-B Receptors): UV-B light: Perceived by UVR8 receptors, it can affect plant growth and development and has roles in stress responses, like UV protection. Phytohormones: UV-B light can influence phytohormones involved in stress responses, potentially affecting growth and development. 4. Other Colors: Green light: Plants are generally less sensitive to green light, as chlorophyll reflects it. Other wavelengths: While less studied, other wavelengths can also influence plant growth and development through interactions with different photoreceptors and phytohormones. Key Points: Cross-Signaling: Plants often experience a mix of light wavelengths, leading to complex interactions between different photoreceptors and phytohormones. Species Variability: The precise effects of light color on phytohormones can vary between different plant species. Hormonal Interactions: Phytohormones don't act in isolation; their interactions and interplay with other phytohormones and environmental signals are critical for plant responses. The spectral ratio of light (the composition of different colors of light) significantly influences a plant's hormonal balance. Different wavelengths of light are perceived by specific photoreceptors in plants, which in turn regulate the production and activity of various plant hormones (phytohormones). These hormones then control a wide range of developmental processes.