Green light is radiation with wavelengths between 520 and 560 nm and it affects photosynthesis, plant height, and flowering. Plants reflect green light and this is why they appear green to our eyes. As a result, some growers think that plants don’t use green wavelengths, but they actually do! In fact, only around 5 – 10% of green light is reflected from leaves and the rest (90 – 95 %) is absorbed or transmitted to lower leaves [1]. Green wavelengths get used in photosynthesis. Chlorophyll pigments absorb small amounts of green wavelengths. Light that doesn’t get absorbed is transmitted to leaves that are shaded out from direct light. This means that leaves at the bottom of the canopy get more green light than leaves at the top. A high proportion of green wavelengths compared to other colors tells lower leaves that they are being shaded out, so they are able to react accordingly. Lower leaves may react by opening or closing their stomata or growing longer stems that help the leaves reach brighter light [1, 2, 3]. When it comes to growing cannabis, many cultivators are interested in the quality of light used for the flowering stage. In many plants, flowering is regulated by two main photoreceptors: cryptochrome and phytochrome. Both photoreceptors primarily respond to blue light but can also respond to green, although to a lesser extent. Green can accelerate the start of flowering in several species (although cannabis has yet to be tested) [1, 4, 5]. However, once flowering has begun, it’s important to provide plants with a “full spectrum” light that has high amounts of blue and red light, and moderate amounts of green, in order for photosynthesis to be optimized. Green light mediates seed germination in some species. Seeds use green wavelengths to decide whether the environment is good for germination. Shade environments are enriched in green relative to red and blue light, so a plant can tell if it is shady or sunny. A seed that senses a shaded environment may stay dormant to avoid poor growing conditions [1]. Some examples of plant species where researchers have documented this response are: ryegrass (a grass that grows in tufts) and Chondrilla (a plant related to dandelion) [1, 6]. Although green wavelengths generally tell plants NOT to germinate, there are some exceptions! Surprisingly, green wavelengths can stimulate seed germination in some species like Aeschynomene, Tephrosia, Solidago, Cyrtopodium, and Atriplex [1, 6, 7]. Of course, light is not the only factor affecting seed germination – it’s a combination of many factors, such as soil moisture, soil type, temperature, photoperiod, and light quality. When combined with red and blue light, green can really enhance plant growth [1, 8]. However, too much green light (more than 50% of the total light) can actually reduce plant growth [8]. Based on the most current research, the ideal ratio of green, red, and blue light is thought to be around 1:2:1 for green:blue:red [9]. When choosing a horticultural light, choose one that has high amounts of blue and red light and moderate amounts of green and other colors of light. Not many studies can be found about the effect of green light on cannabis growth or metabolism. However, if one reads carefully, there are clues and data available even from the very early papers. Mahlberg and Hemphill (1983) used colored filters in their study to alter the sunlight spectrum and study green light among others. They concluded that the green filter, which makes the environment green by cutting other wavelengths out, reduced the THC concentration significantly compared to the daylight control treatment. It has been demonstrated that green color can reduce secondary metabolite activity with other species as well. For example, the addition of green to a light spectrum decreases anthocyanin concentration in lettuce (Zhang and Folta 2012). If green light only reverses the biosynthesis of some secondary metabolites, then why put green light into a growth spectrum at all? Well, there are a couple of good reasons. One is that green penetrates leaf layers effectively. Conversely red and blue light is almost completely absorbed by the first leaf layer. Green travels through the first, second, and even third layers effectively (Figure 2). Lower leaf layers can utilize green light in photosynthesis and therefore produce yields as well. Even though a green light-specific photoreceptor has not yet been found, it is known that green light has effects independent from the cryptochrome but then again, also cryptochrome-dependent ones, just like blue light. It is known that green light in low light intensity conditions can enhance far red stimulating secondary metabolite production in microgreens and then again, counteracts the production of these compounds in high-intensity light conditions (Kim et al. 2004). In many cases, green light promoted physiological changes in plants that are opposite to the actions of blue light. In the study by Kim et al. blue light-induced anthocyanin accumulation was inhibited by green light. In another study it has been found that blue light promotes stomatal opening whereas green light promotes stomatal closure (Frechilla et al. 2000). Blue light inhibits the early stem elongation in the seedling stage whereas green light promotes it (Folta 2004). Also, blue light results in flowering induction, and green light inhibits it (Banerjee et al., 2007). As you can see, green light works very closely with blue light, and therefore not only the amount of these two wavelengths separately is important but also the ratio (Blue: Green) between these two in the designed spectrum. Furthermore, green light has been found to affect the elongation of petioles and upward leaf reorientation with the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana both of which are a sign of shade avoidance symptoms (Zhang et al. 2011) and also gene expression in the same plant (Dhingra et al. 2006). As mentioned before, green light produces shade avoidance symptoms which are quite intuitive if you consider the natural conditions where the plants grow. Not all the green light is reflected from the highest canopy leaves in nature but a lot of it (50-90%) has been estimated to penetrate the upper leaves at the plant level ((Terashima et al., 2009; Nishio, 2000). For the plant growing in the understory of the forest green light is a signal for the plant of being in the shade of a bigger plant. Then again, the plants growing under unobstructed sunlight can take advantage of the green photons that can more easily penetrate the upper leaves than the red and blue photons. From the photosynthetic pigments in higher plants, chlorophyll is crucial for plant growth. Dissolved chlorophyll and absorb maximally in the red (λ600–700 nm) and blue (λ400–500 nm) regions of the spectrum and not as easily in the green (λ500–600 nm) regions. Up to 80% of all green light is thought to be transmitted through the chloroplast (Terashima et al., 2009) and this allows more green photons to pass deeper into the leaf mesophyll layer than red and blue photons. When the green light is scattered in the vertical leaf profile its journey is lengthened and therefore photons have a higher chance of hitting and being absorbed by chloroplasts on their passage through the leaf to the lower leaves of the plant. Photons of PPFD (photosynthetic photon flux density) are captured by chlorophyll causing an excitation of an electron to enter a higher energy state in which the energy is immediately passed on to the neighboring chlorophyll molecule by resonance transfer or released to the electron transport chain (PSII and PSI). Despite the low extinction coefficient of chlorophyll in the green 500–600 nm region it needs to be noted that the absorbance can be significant if the pigment (chlorophyll) concentration in the leaf is high enough. The research available clearly shows that plants use green wavelengths to promote higher biomass and yield (photosynthetic activity), and that it is a crucial signal for long-term developmental and short-term dynamic acclimation (Blue:Green ratio) to the environment. It should not be dismissed but studied more because it brings more opportunities to control plant gene expression and physiology in plant production. REFERENCES Banerjee R., Schleicher E., Meier S. Viana R. M., Pokorny R., Ahmad M., Bittl R., Batschauer. 2007. The signaling state of Arabidopsis cryptochrome 2 contains flavin semiquinone. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 282, 14916–14922. Dhingra, A., Bies, D. H., Lehner, K. R., and Folta, K. M. 2006. Green light adjusts the plastic transcriptome during early photomorphogenic development. Plant Physiol. 142, 1256-1266. Folta, K. M. 2004. Green light stimulates early stem elongation, antagonizing light-mediated growth inhibition. Plant Physiol. 135, 1407-1416. Frechilla, S., Talbott, L. D., Bogomolmi, R. A., and Zeiger, E. 2000. Reversal of blue light -stimulated stomatal opening by green light. Plant Cell Physiol. 41, 171-176. Kim, H.H., Goins, G. D., Wheeler, R. M., and Sager, J. C. 2004.Green-light supplementation for enhanced lettuce growth under red- and blue-light emitting diodes. HortScience 39, 1617-1622. Nishio, J.N. 2000. Why are higher plants green? Evolution of the higher plant photosynthetic pigment complement. Plant Cell and Environment 23, 539–548. Terashima I., Fujita T., Inoue T., Chow W.S., Oguchi R. 2009. Green light drives leaf photosynthesis more efficiently than red light in strong white light: revisiting the enigmatic question of why leaves are green. Plant & Cell Physiology 50, 684–697. Zhang, T., Maruhnich, S. A., and Folta, K. M. 2011. Green light induces shade avoidance symptoms. Plant Physiol. 157, 1528-156. Wang, Y. & Folta, K. M. Contributions of green light to plant growth and development. Am. J. Bot. 100, 70–78 (2013). Zhang, T. & Folta, K. M. Green light signaling and adaptive response. Plant Signal. Behav. 7, 75–78 (2012). Johkan, M. et al. Blue light-emitting diode light irradiation of seedlings improves seedling quality and growth after transplanting in red leaf lettuce. HortScience 45, 1809–1814 (2010). Kasajima, S., et al. Effect of Light Quality on Developmental Rate of Wheat under Continuous Light at a Constant Temperature. Plant Prod. Sci. 10, 286–291 (2007). Banerjee, R. et al. The signaling state of Arabidopsis cryptochrome 2 contains flavin semiquinone. J. Biol. Chem. 282, 14916–14922 (2007). Goggin, D. E. & Steadman, K. J. Blue and green are frequently seen: responses of seeds to short- and mid-wavelength light. Seed Sci. Res. 22, 27–35 (2012). Mandák, B. & Pyšek, P. The effects of light quality, nitrate concentration and presence of bracteoles on germination of different fruit types in the heterocarpous Atriplex sagittata. J. Ecol. 89, 149–158 (2001). Darko, E. et al. Photosynthesis under artificial light: the shift in primary and secondary metabolism. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci. 369 (2014). Lu, N. et al. Effects of Supplemental Lighting with Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs) on Tomato Yield and Quality of Single-Truss Tomato Plants Grown at High Planting Density. Environ. Control Biol. 50, 63–74 (2012).

Still staying strong, had to cut off a bit of bud rott here and there but she’s surviving so far 👌🏻 really happy with how she turned out

Who’s got it @chedderbob112 chedders Fukin got it 😎🏴󠁧󠁢󠁳󠁣󠁴󠁿112

Day 49 - Still giving the ladies just PH water with no nutrients trying to see if I can fix whatever is wrong with them😅 All in all the White Widow & Orange Sherbet plants I took individual pictures of are growing great & should have a pretty nice yield! Thank you for following & make sure to check back for daily updates! Happy growing friends!🌱✌️🏼

Day 43. so main change, i lost my mobile and i had really loads of photos and videos of ex grows. i blacklisted it, but still... from now i will reduce amount of post and updates, it is stupid, but i cant risk ... Girls all week on diet, looks like only one Gorilla is starving a bit and would need more, but in my plans last watering with molases this time only. They already had runs with silica only. cal mag only x2. Think worm castings was an isue, control garden grows really fine, will be my smallest plants ever, they will have 3 weeks in total for veg. Happy growing and dont loose your mobiles, huge pain .... Day 48. Gorillas are really nice and i cant denny it, but .... Cookies are worst experience ever... They just dont want to grow and show up new issue the second you fight one.... I even made control garden with more than years old beans of Incredible Bulk and bagseed Strawberry Cough. Both strains grow ok, but not Cookie !!! Thats honestly wrong genetics, unless someone prove me wrong, open for your advices ... Hard training again, still on pure water diet with calmag or silica or molases as small bonus while no feed for two weeks + .... Lights are out because training took longer than i wanted. ... Next week they go to 24 hours darkness and light is changed to 12/12. That was last week of really hard training, now i will wait for green mass of leaves to cover stems and hope they will make some buds ;)) Choose your beans wisier than me ... Happy growing !!!

Eccoci di nuovo qui!!! Super eccitato per questa nuova collab con Anesia Seeds, team davvero al top, che mi ha dato l’opportunità di testare questa nuova genetica e di condividere i progressi con tutti voi!!! Come sempre partiamo nei bicchieri per poi travasare.. Questa volta verrà svolto tutto sotto la Lumatek Zeus 465 ProC, mi aspetto molto da questo ciclo!! Settimana pazzesca!!!! Piante davvero incredibili!!! Grazie a tutti per il supporto ❤️🍀🔥

28.8 Eight flowering week done also week of flush. These are frosty as f*** man crazy. Especially that fat leafed girl wow 😍 Buds are quite spindly I'd say but man looks potent. Nothing much to report just been drooling haha.. About week that to do and then it's harvest time.. Let'see

These girls where a joy to grow and even more of a joy to smoke! It really is a weed that has delivered in every department the colour, the smell, the taste, the yeilds. I'm off to binge watch prime and order an obscene amount of takeaways 👋🏻✌️🏻

Wk4, Day22, 4/27/22 Wk4, Day23, 4/28/22, continued defoliation and tied down tops, each plant has at least 6 tops Wk4, Day27, 5/2/22, no issues requiring adjustments Wk4, Day28, 5/3/22, heavy tie downs and defoliation to finish Wk4

Finally starting to see signs of flowering. I am gonna add a red light and a 2nd scrog net and I should get it next week. I ordered it for the blooming gonna see if it makes a difference. To decide if I want for future grows..

Day 3: One has arrived on 5/26 Day 6: Diagnosis: Slight Nutrient Burn Cause: Hot Soil Treatment: Cal-Mag and ph balanced water in week 2

I shouldn't have started the lst training on her because she started flower very fast and early so she ended uo being very small, which I hate because It has a very skunk citric aroma very powerful, I had a little harvest of 10g counting the little flowers which I used to make cannabutter to make some edibles.I wish I could have a huge harvest of this amazing strain, looking forward to grow her again. 🤞💚🌱💎

Flores listas al día 105, se procede a cosechar las plantas.

plants keep impressing me. cannalope is growing some 16 or 17 petals on a leaf after some weird reveg or stress. it flowered early for some reason. might be because of the bennies and the N abundance. after the weird 16 leafed freak is some good looking regular 13 petaled ones. its gonna be legit. maybe I should clone one of the 13 pedals to keep the pheno. the other colas have the regular 7 or 11 petals. the lemon skunk is flowering nice. I have a feeling its going to be some tasty bud. no mutations or anything weird going on with it. she is looking just fine.

Hi Growmies, She is developing nicely and still in her flower stretch, she also became a bit thirstier than before. The rootball is still growing at d looking pretty healthy, only a bit of staining from the Rhizotonic. The feeding regimen has not changed since last week. The ppfd at the canopy is in the 600 range at the moment. Thanks for stepping by and hope to see you next week.

Die Woche war solala, man sieht ja die überdungungs Erscheinungen und ich habe eine Woche ausgelassen bzw es nicht geschafft es hier zu aktualisieren, aber gut aus dem Fehler lernt man halt 😅😁 Sie sind auch so gut wie reif, heute noch einmal ohne Dünger oder booster gegossen und ich denke in 3 - 4 Tagen, wird das Licht ausgemacht für 24h und dann geht's ans ernten,trotz überdungung riechen sie wirklich gut und sind sehr fest und frosty 😁😏 Also mal sehen was bei raus kommt ich bin gespannt🤔😁 ansonsten wünsch ich eine angenehme woche! 🤜🤛 The week was so-so, you can see the symptoms of overdunging and I missed a week or didn't manage to update it here, but you learn well from the mistake 😅😁 They are also almost ripe, watered again today without fertilizer or booster and I think in 3 - 4 days, the light will be turned off for 24 hours and then it's time to harvest, despite overfeeding they smell really good and are very firm and frosty 😁 😏 So let's see what comes out, I'm curious🤔😁 otherwise I wish you a pleasant week! 🤜🤛..

This week has been interesting but I have came out on top. Had a problem at beggining of week and had it fixed towards the middle and everyone bounced back! Had a mistake on my end not mixing the 5L jug over the months that I had it so by time got bottome was more potent than should be. Got a new jugs and calibrated new ph pen trashed old wouldn't keep calibration was broken or something would be off in 4 days. Have cut out the botanicare for a bit to see how it reacts with my hard water already testing at 180ppm should be enough calcium and magnesium along with A&B. Have had a bunch of growth over the last week since everyone is feeling better. Stay up everyone 💚

I hope she dries fast 😄

🎅 So, as for the smoke after 30 days of harvest day. Biscotti Mints have a high concentration of THC, definitely above 25%, you can feel it. Beginners should exercise caution. -The taste, I wouldn't exactly call it mint. It's similar to peppermint, but it doesn't taste like mint, it tastes like flowers. Bottom line, the taste is similar to pepper flowers. -The effect is only evening, not daytime. It will be good for an evening relaxation or in the company of friends. -The appearance is something beautiful. Everyone who saw him liked him. Dense, stone buds, green-violet color.