Good amounts of bud swelling going on. I'm going to switch them all from Big bud to Overdrive soon. Quality on these buds are very good. Very good genetics. Looking to harvest sooner rather then later because humidity is 50-70%... I normally have good judgment and harvest right when they are ready and avoid mold/rot. I just have to be careful. After this grow I'm shutting down this grow room for a short time for upgrades to fix my humidity/temperature issues once and for all. I did not expect winter to bring condensation in here room like this. P1 Her buds are still pretty young. I adjusted my lights around so now she has more light. She should swell up nicely in the next week or 2. I did drop a LED light while moving lights and snapped 2 branches a few days ago. Shes fine tho. P2 This girl is a fast finisher. She buds are ripening up very fast. I'm thinking she will come down on day 65-70. She smells so freaking incredible tho...mmm cant wait. I switched her from Big bud to Overdrive on day 56. She will be ready to go very soon. P3 Beautiful buds but fluffy, very sticky and smelly tho. P4 Alot of tight buds maybe they will swell up fat. P5 She now has a true 360w flood light all too her self. Lots of big buds and shes a big drinker.

Tropicanna Banana Week 13 11L Pot LED: SP250 (245W) for Flow. Stage Canna COCO Mineral Nutrients: 👇 Sensi Cal-Mag Xtra: 1 ml/L Power House Part A: 1.5 ml/L Calcium Plus Part B: 1.5 ml/L Stimulus: 1.5 ml/L Bud Explosion: 1.5 ml//L

Hola Primera semana se demoraron 4 días aproximadamente en salir de la tierra. Han tenido un crecimiento lento. Se han realizado 2 riegos: 200ml c/u 1ml calmag 100ml c/u 1ml Bio grow 1ml Bio heaven 0.5 calmag Raiza 🐈

We will see the process of it ... nothing to report for now ...

* Setup * Veg: 125W CFL Bloom: Outdoor 12/12 Soil: Canna Coco Pot: 3gal, 12L, Fabric pot. Methods used: LST, Topping, Fimming, Defoliation, Neem oil misting Wet weight: Not weighed/harvested entire plant yet, but harvested part, trimmed was 270g, and around 30g of sugar leaves, thats is in the freezer. Wet bud on stick Weight: ca 480g Fine trimmed Dry bud weight: 119g The sugar leaves/popcorn nugs not weighed. I also have 1/3 of the plant left to harvest, probably tomorrow. After that I can give you the full wet weight, and hopefully in 2 weeks the full dry weight! (If I dont smoke to much if it before 😆) Thank you all for following this diary. And thank you @Sweet_Seeds for your fantastic seeds! "Sweet seeds are made of this Who am I to disagree? I smoked in the world And in the seven seas Everybody's looking for something Some of them want to smoke you Some of them want to get smoked by you" I got this plant as a present from my local club, supposdely its Cream Caramel from Sweet Seeds. It was around 2 weeks old when I got it. I have no former experience of any type of growing cultivation, I recently Moved to a country where cannabis cultivation for personal use is legal. I started this Journey by having the plant under 25W of homemade lamp solution and 6hrs of sun, until I could buy proper setup for vegetation. Growdiaries really helped me learn alot fast and achieve results way above me and my girlfriends expectations. I topped the plant Once, I accidently stepped on it, Vegged it under 125W Of CFL from week 3 onwards and then transitioned to Outdoor. The weather around here has been the hottest in 60 years, averaging around 32 lately. Humidity has been stable around 50-70% with a average of around 60% I really learned alot and this strain(which ever it now is, ill ask the club again!) is fantastic and most definently not Indica like. "Its kinda like smoking candy" - Dunderma Grow

hoy empiezo floración cambiando el led a 12/12

Esta primera semana se germinó y se plantó la semilla en el sustrato y el despunte de la planta. Semana tranquila, no hubo percances y germinó bien. La germinacion duró 3 días y al día siguiente de haberla puesto en sustrato salió a la superficie.

Method Steps 1. Get all materials set out and prepared 2. Pre-Freeze all tools 3. Add Bubble Hash bags 4. Mix ice + water into a 5g bucket 5. Mix the water and add fresh frozen trim 6. Mix for 15m 7. Let mixture rest for 10m 8. Filter each Hash bag out 9. Begin collecting hash at 120 microns 10. Scoop hash onto a 25 micron sheet + press water out

Hey guys, Nothing special happened. They are still looking fine and doing a good job! As you can see, i lollipopped them yesterday. Maybe a little bit too much! :D But i think its okay Greetz

May 17, 2024 Day 92 We are at the end. Tropicana Cookies is in the dry tent having a nice 48 hours of dark. Tropicana C is now in the back of the tent with the 4 Sour Diesels up front. Yes I Tetrised the shit out of it to get them in. But everything is snug. Tropicana Cookies is officially done with the main tent and is now in the dry tent for dark. I defoliated her up yesterday and only left the sugar leaves on. No sense in keeping the fan leaves on the plant if it's going to be pitch black for 2 days. Plus it's much easier to manage. And will be much easier at trimming time. She is also nearly dried out. Just perfect timing for this part. I just hope I'm not too early. Trichomes are almost all cloudy and there's a good 10% amber. A couple more days and in the dark should help them mature right along. Tropicana C is still a hot floppy mess, but the tops have some potential. I think the majority of this plant will end up being pressed for concentrate. I wish I had a bubble washer. Oh well. Pressing flower is the option then. Anyway, she isn't quite fading still, so I'm hoping for that over the next couple of days. If not, then I'll defoliate and put her in the dark for a couple days as well. Her buds are all purple and that's what matters. She has about 5% amber trichomes and maybe 10% clear. Not enough cloudy for my taste. 4 more days? Maybe. 2 in the main tent and 2 more in the dark tent. I'm still trying to free up space for the Sour Diesels. The light doesn't matter really anymore. She isn't growing at all and her buds are probably as big as they are getting. It's just a matter of ripening now. Don't really need a lot of light for that part. But still, I'm leaving the light as it is. Especially now that the Sour Diesels are in there. The environment pisses me off. How the holy hell can I change the temp by 5 degrees and have no impact whatsoever on the humidity? Seriously. The temp is climbing a bit. I have to keep an eye on it as it's going above 78° and I don't want to melt my trichomes. Back down to 74° with the stupid humidity stuck at 62%. Annoying. Grow System Environment: Temp: 76.4° RH: 61.4% VPD: 1.17 kPa Quick update: I had to increase the light power to accommodate the Sour Diesels now in the tent. They needed 200 to 25 mol/m²/d, so the light power as increased to 80%. The DLI only increased a couple points. No at 38 mol/m²/d. Everything looks fine. May 18, 2024 Nothing going on today. Tropicana Cookies is finishing up day 1 of dark. The humidity is a nightmare in the tent. It keeps climbing over 66%. I've tried everything at my disposal. Leave the tent door open, dehumidifier in the bedroom, dehumidifier in the tent? I don't think I tried that yet. I have 2 dehumidifiers in the main tent trying to keep the humidity down in there to no avail. I'm not bothering with trichomes today. I'll check trichomes tomorrow afternoon when she finishes up day 2 of dark. I may have to keep her in for a 3rd day. We shall see. Tropicana C needs to get out of the tent ASAP. Her floppy tops are flopping right over the sour Diesels, which are growing vigorously. 2 of them grew 2" last night alone. They need the room now. Tropicana C just isn't ready for the dark tent yet. Maybe a few more days? She's just starting to show signs of fading now. I'll check trichomes tomorrow as well. The lighting is of no concern. It's making the tent too hot, but it doesn't seem to be doing anything to Tropicana C. Tropicana Cookies doesn't have light. Lol. The environment is a nightmare. Humidity is WAY too high. And now the temp is too high. No matter what I do, I can't control it at all. The temp is 77° and the humidity is still ridiculous at 66%. Grow System Environment: Temp: 75.4° RH: 64.2% 1.05 kPa Update: so I was researching other issues high humidity can cause. It slows down production and the plant won't drink because there is too much moisture in the air. It makes total sense. All of the flowering plants are taking forever to finish up. Now I think I know why. Also, I added 1/2 gallon of plain water to Tropicana C reservoir. As she isn't quite done yet, I would rather her have a source of water if she needs or wants it. I added one of the dehumidifiers to the dark tent with Tropicana Cookies. Now the humidity is around 51% with the temp hanging out around 76° to 77°. It spiked into 79° earlier, but I was messing with the heat in my room. May 19, 2024 Busy day today. No watering or anything, but a very busy day. Tropicana Cookies was wet trimmed and chopped down today. It took 94 days total from seed to harvest. After wet trimming, her total wet weight was 14 oz. A bit surprising to me. I was honestly thinking closer to like 9 oz, but I'll take it. Trimming took roughly 4 hours. I'm not sure why, but it did. I'm slow I guess. There was no sense in trying to keep the trimmings for this round. There really wasn't much and I need a bigger table to catch it all. Messy. I've also discovered that the majority of the buds are a bit loose. Mostly the lowers and some of the middles, but the tops are mostly good. I think based on my own mistakes, I'll be using the majority of this plant for concentrate. Maybe the whole plant. We will see. It all depends on how it dries and what the end result is. Both plants were not very happy with my nutrient regimen. Oh well. A lesson well learned. Tropicana C is still floppy as ever, but now instead of a near black purple, she's almost like magenta or something. Dark pink? Lol. Something like that. She's starting to fade now and most of her tops are all colored. I'm just waiting for the fan leaves to catch up. I'll keep her in the tent for as long as I can. Maybe 3 more days? Maybe. Her buds are definitely loose in the bottoms. The mids and tops are pretty nice. We'll see how they look after wet trimming. The dry tent is hanging out at 70° and 61% humidity. I'd love it to go down to 65°, but for some reason it won't. I'll get it right in no time. Grow System Environment: Temp: 72.5° RH: 68.3% VPD: 0.84 kPa May 20, 2024 We have fade! Tropicana C is finally starting to fade. Light green leaves coming in with purple hues. The buds are basically pink, it I expect them to get darker as she moves along. Tropicana Cookies Day 1 Drying. She looks good. Not much to report. She's drying. It could take between 5 and 7 days. Due to her smaller buds and the wet trim I did, I don't expect her to take very long to dry. And it seems that the environment is pretty nice. 61% humidity and 68°. The temperature could be lower though. Tropicana C looks good. Still super floppy, but she has pretty buds. Not very tight buds. I'll do the same wet trim as well. She should end up drying after about 5 days. For now, she's drying her soil out and fading at the same time. I might give her another half gallon just to tie her over until harvest. I also plan on defoliation in the next few days after the fade is well underway. The light is the same. No changes there. The environment is still wonky. The temp is at 74° which I finally got control of again. The humidity on the other hand is still super high at 65%. I really don't understand. It was 40% humidity out yesterday and even with the outside door wide open, the humidity did nothing to drop. Nothing at all. It's weird. It's back to being humid today, so no opening the door. Hopefully I can get it to clear up ASAP. Oh, I did just learn that the central air isn't working either. And that is the main source of cool dry air. With none, I'm stuck using a portable AC that just blows wet air back into the room when the condenser is off. Stupid design. Very stupid. Even the dehumidifier function doesn't work right. It does the same thing except with heat. So my room gets too warm but the humidity stays the same. Grow System Environment: Temp: 72.6° RH: 67.7% VPD: 0.86 kPa May 21, 2024 Day 2 of drying for Tropicana Cookies. The whole plant shrunk to half its size. Small tight buds. As I said before, the majority of this plant will most likely be pressed. We shall see. Tropicana C is showing way more fade now. Like twice as much as yesterday. It's coming on fast and hopefully that means she's finishing up fast. I checked her trichomes today. Looking good. She definitely needs way more amber though. But has much less clear. So it's mostly cloudy, but definitely nowhere near enough amber. What's funny is how floppy she is. One would think those buds wouldn't develop properly, but they are swelling and getting more purple just like the rest of the plant. Interesting. I still don't know what happened here, but I'm guessing it has all to do with the nutrients this run. Bad timing. This plant may also be mostly pressed. Her buds aren't as dense as Tropicana Cookies and they are definitely not tight. Unless by some miracle, they blow up and fill in over the next few days. We shall see. The environment is finally leveling out now that the central air is on. Finally. It won't drop the humidity all the way to the low 40s%, but it will drop it below 55%. And that's keeps the tent below 60% and put of the danger zone for mold. However, I know it's still too high for the plant to perform at max potential, but it's the best I can do for now. Once it kicks on again, the humidity will hopefully drop to 50%, then maybe my dehumidifiers will start working as they are meant to. Grow System Environment: Temp: 72.7° RH: 62.9% VPD: 1.00 kPa May 22, 2024 Tropicana Cookies day 3 of drying. I haven't weighed her up yet to see how far along she is. I'm really not expecting her to take very long at all. Her buds are small so she should be done in a couple more days. Tropicana C is fading quite quickly. Looking really close to finishing up. However, the Sour Diesels in the tent are already in pre-flower and are starting to stretch. The need space ASAP. So I think I'll harvest her whole tomorrow she's not very leafy and I don't think she will get mold at all. She still has super loose buds so she will dry up within 5 to 7 days I think. Even at 60% RH, I think. On the other hand, she was way too dry, so I added a half gallon to the reservoir. I was planning on harvesting in a couple days, but I don't think I have that much time anymore. Originally I was going to wet trim Tropicana C just like Tropicana Cookies, but her branches are way too weak and floppy to trim without snapping branch after branch. So as I said earlier, I'll be dry trimming her instead. The environment is back to being wonky. The central air hasn't turned on yet today and it's 85° out. So my room is suffering a bit with my crappy portable AC. It blows wet air when the compressor turns off. So the humidity is back up above 60%. The temp is fine at 75°, so I'm opening the tent periodically until the AC turns on. I also added a new trichome video for Tropicana C. Getting really close. Let me know how close I am? Or does it not really matter at this point? Update: I decided to completely defoliate Tropicana C. I don't know I will do. Full wet trim. The buds are small and so are the branches. So there shouldn't be any issues with the higher humidity. I'll be doing it in sessions as not to stink up the whole house. But basically anything with a stem I can access is getting cut off. Who knows, maybe I'll finish defoliating fst than I think and will wet trim anyway. She is definitely getting harvested tomorrow. I'm completely out of space for the Sour Diesels. Grow System Environment: Temp: 75.7° RH: 59.4% VPD: 1.20 kPa May 23, 2024 Tropicana Cookies Day 4 Drying. I have a moisture meter for the stems and will be using that tomorrow to see how far along she is. Still a couple more days I think. It might be Harvest Day for Tropicana C! Honestly, I would have liked a little more time, but I have other plants that need the space. So I'm wet trimming her today and will harvest later tonight or maybe tomorrow. We shall see. Either way, she is done even if she's not. I'll take one last Trichome Video after I'm done trimming. Then I can see if she's actually ready or not. Maybe she is. I don't think so though. Not much else for today. Unless I harvest, then I'll update. Grow System Environment: Temp: 76.2° RH: 60.6% VPD: 1.18 kPa

Will update sho

Utopia Haze is a rare heavily sativa dominant hybrid (90% sativa/10% indica) strain created through back crossing Brazilian Sativa strains. This tasty little bud took home 1st Place for Best Sativa in the 2008 High Times’ Cannabis Cup and for good reason – with its potent 18-22% average THC level and long lasting cerebral effects, Utopia Haze is one powerhouse smoke. The Utopia Haze high comes on soon after you finish your first toke, hitting you with a strong cerebral lift that infuses you with a sense of hazy relaxation. Type: Feminised/Photoperiod Cultivation: Indoor/Outdoor Flowering Time (days): 70-75 Indoor Yield (g): Up to 650 Feminised Outdoor Harvest Month: October Feminised Outdoor Harvest Month Week: 3rd-4th week Aroma: Citrus, Woody, Pungent, Mint Effect: Cerebral Lift, Hazy Relaxation, Sleepy Welcome Everyone to the Final Entry of my Utopia Haze Grow ! There is so much to discuss ! I have been extremely busy as of late trying to get this Harvest together, but i am happy to have it here for you now ! I Seriously under estimated the amount of time, help from others, and my own necessary skills to pull this off.. and i still kind of screwed it up lol ! But its worth noting i have never actually done this before and trying to document it during....was extremely hard. It is next to impossible to work an iPhone with rubber gloves on ! First I want to discuss everything step by step so before you jump straight into the comments on how the end product is so small in "quantity" Rest assured i am happy with its"quality"...and thats all that matters to me because Life is a journey not a destination! and i have learned so much from this grow that I couldn't be any happy even if i messed some things up :) But at the very least I hope you read through this entry in its entirety with an open mind and focus more on the process, rather than just the outcome! I ran out of Ice & i was only able to wash three times..(normally I've heard you should go sometimes 5-6 washes) Preparation is Key & things will be much better next round :) Photos 1-22 These are pretty self explanatory but for those of you just tuning in now.. this is what happens to a very happy plant when you don't have the necessary tools to monitor key components of growing cannabis.. Ph, as well as EC levels play a very key role in the outcome of your grow lol that being said I was just able to save this plant by purchasing both tools but that doesn't mean the plant didn't suffer because of the prior events.. This was a Huge reason behind me choosing to turn this harvest into what i would consider "Solventless Hash Rosin" from "Ice water extracted Bubble hash". Pictures 23 The idea here is the process of using "fresh Frozen Cannabis" this has been discussed many a time online on such sites as instagram and here on grow diaries as well.. I personally have Never tried the process so i decided to try it out and make a judgement for myself.. Video 24 The Cannabis has now been in the freezer for 72 hours making it very well frozen.. as you can tell i struggled getting it all into the 25u Screen Wash Bag. One thing of note i would do differently is i will de-stem my next batch as i also believe this played a part in the amount of plant matter that escaped through the sieves. Photo/Video's 25-28 The idea here is "ice water Seiving" & especially with the bags that I am using here that are only have screen material on the bottom portion of the bag it is very important to have spaces in-between the screens to allow the water to pass directly through the screens into the bottom bucket with the least amount of resistance.. because the hash is so extremely temperature dependant if it gets warm on the side of the bag.. it will stick there and not make it to the bottom to become use able product.. 29 You do not need to use as much Ice as i used here lol... the idea is to keep everything very cold..i certainly achieved that but at the sacrifice of using so much that i ended up grinding product and producing "contaminants" but in the end they are just plant matter that i would be smoking when i rolled up my joint either way so.. I'm not super disappointed.. But it should be noted that what you want to achieve here is a Layering effect where you have the wash bag between two small layers of ice while the "water current" washes the Trichomes away allowing them to be separated by the screens setup below :) Before Starting the machine you should allow some time (i.e.;10-12minutes pre soak to allow the product to become saturated) before the first cycle. By video 32 I have just ran out of ice lol.. Video 33-34 Here I have a tip for you.. to separate the screens that you sieve through.. cut 5 gallon buckets to stretch them across nice and tight.. it'll make scooping your Bubble that much easier ! i learned this from the many "Frenchy" videos I have watched :) Picture 35 Here in lays the problem for most people.. drying your hash without loosing vast amounts of "Terpenes" whilst also stay ever vigilant against mold ! Thanks to all those videos I've watched on youtube.. id like to think this was one of my most successful parts of this process.. Things to Note; Terpenes start to seriously evaporate at temperatures 68F or 20C you need to stay as cold as possible whilst bringing the Relative Humidity in the space down into the 40-30% to stay away from that nasty mold ! I used my cold storage room in the basement.. with a dehumidifier running to keep the space at 45% RH & staying at a constant 15c. All while spreading the hash as thin as possible across parchment paper, on top of the white screens with a fan moving air across both sides of the paper. Pictures 36-38 These are some macros i took in the middle of my drying session I fell in love with the colour. Yes i know the black spots are plant material but they will get caught when i bag the hash & squish the oil out. Thing to Note; at this stage it is important to ensure you 'micro plane" the hash down as fine as you can whilst staying weary of the temperature... any "chunks" will hold pockets of moisture.. that lead to potential problems..ie; mold ... Picture/Video 39-41 Successfully planed bubble hash ready to be bagged and Squished ! Picture 42 Ive decided to follow Pedro.. from Pedros Grow Room and double bag to be on the safe side so i don't have any blow outs. So thats One 25u bag inside one 160u bag ! :) Pictures 43 This is almost 3 grams of the bubble hash from above, already melting in the bag.. this is where i ran into trouble again lol things started getting to warm in the house and i was only able to get one of the three squish's i did on video :( things started getting sticky. Picture 44 This is basically just a photo of the equipment I'm using; 3x5 LowTemp Cage in the frame I built myself, with a 20Ton bottle jack. Something to note here is this is an older Lowtemp model with only a single heating zone which is which i have it closed here heating Both sides of the press :) As well as the importance of having adequate pressure on your plates.. my rig is very overkill for the size of hash bags..lol Video 45 Here is the lovely press video.. its didn't quite work the way i wanted either lol my directional folding wasn't quite tight enough for a big "drip" :) &the Press was set to 65°c Photo's 46-50 are pretty self explanatory :) I had a blow out.. but still managed to pull an 80% return from the hash once squished...& yes it tasted amazing :) Was it worth it in the end... that could be debated.. for some..i understand..its not your thing, but for those of us that are interested in making our own concentrates.. free from Solvents... I wouldn't make it any other way :) If even ONE of you reading this diary finds it helpful to reference for ANYTHING.....even if its "what not to do" ill consider it a success ! Thanks again for tagging along on this garden adventure.. its been one heck of a journey ! Much Love from B.C. Canada, Until Next time, Cariboo

Almost to the finish line for most of these girls.Everytime I get near the tent it just smells so great and wow are they building up some trichomes.The buds are chunky and super dense now and finishing up in the coming days except for one plant that has been lagging along the whole grow.It is smaller with a massive center cola so I’ll let her grow as long as needed. Day 66 placing two of the Papaya cookies in the dark in another tent for 24-48 hours before I cut and hang them.

Just over 6z from the 2

same as last week nothing to special just growing healthy on her bat poo feed coming up nicely I think other people might see differently but that's small grow space C4Matic and friends .

So far so good they are handling quite good , keeping ,y Ppfds around 1400 on average with some points closer to 1600 Umols/m2s 😜🤦‍♂️💪💪💪 always believing hahahaha Day 32 Flower and all seems to be running on track , leafs are tip burned just as i like , this means im pushing them to they’re limits , more they wold go in lock mode and that as we all know is not a good thing 😆 Day 32 Flower and I’m starting to think in defoliation again, i know im not supposed, but as always i will read my garden and leaf strip as many times needed during flower or no flower time 😆😜😅💚 let’s see how they grow but i fell they need space asap already 😆💚💚💚 Trying big numbers on the Ppfd department and see how far they can take without supplement extra CO2, i mean i have the bags they help but lol Ppfd- 1400 Umol/m2s VPD- 1.51 kPa Girls : Tropicana Poison @sweetseeds - 7X Chocolate Skunk @00seeds - 2X Badazz Cookies OG @seedsman- 3X Lights 2X Lumatek Zeus 465W Compact Pro @ 100% All i Grow is medicine for myself, i do it with love for the love 💚💚💚 Growers love to you all

Growing like a weed. Light burn mid veg, due to ph meter broken. Quickly recovered after flush. No issues since. Day 14, lowering nitrogen tomorrow. Slowly raising her ph a wee bit, she doesn’t seem to mind. 7 out of 8 seem to be on the same pace, one is a little slower. All plants, aside from color, look the same genetically. Rare to have a bag of seeds with the exact same plants. Good job Grower’s Choice. Still no pollen sacs on sprayed branches.

This one was a f igther all the way , but she stilll gave her best , i will try her out again, i have her drying for 15 days with temps stable at 18 and RH also stable at 60% and it took her about 2,5 weeks to get to a point i like and trim. she is a deligth and super easy trimming and amazing sweet smell all over wen you do it , i mean just look at them photos , amazing. Over all i wold say stability 7 resistance 9 bag appeal 8 smell 10 taste 10 with leave us with a over all of 8.8 with is amazing for a tester not yet out on the market As always thank you all for stopping by for the love and support and for it all, i truly appreciate it all <3 <3 <3 Genetics - Fast Buds Tester 2308 Ligth - LUMATEK ZEUS 465 COMPACT PRO 
Food - APTUS HOLLAND #aptus #aptusplanttech #aptusgang #aptusfamily #aptustrueplantscience #inbalancewithnature #trueplantscience #fastbuds #dogdoctorofficial #growerslove With true love comes happiness <3 <3 <3 Always believe in your self and always do things expecting nothing and with an open heart , be a giver and the universe will give back to you in ways you could not even imagine so <3 <3 <3 
All info and full product details can be find in can find @ https://2fast4buds.com/ wen released 

https://aptus-holland.com/
 
https://autopot.co.uk/ 

https://lumatek-lighting.com/ Have a few good more diaries going on fell free to drop by and say hi <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 Growers love to you all <3 <3 <3

La croissance est bonne, pourvu que ca dure.