Yellow butterfly came to see me the other day; that was nice. Starting to show signs of stress on the odd leaf, localized isolated blips, blemishes, who said growing up was going to be easy! Smaller leaves have less surface area for stomata to occupy, so the stomata are packed more densely to maintain adequate gas exchange. Smaller leaves might have higher stomatal density to compensate for their smaller size, potentially maximizing carbon uptake and minimizing water loss. Environmental conditions like light intensity and water availability can influence stomatal density, and these factors can affect leaf size as well. Leaf development involves cell division and expansion, and stomatal differentiation is sensitive to these processes. In essence, the smaller leaf size can lead to a higher stomatal density due to the constraints of available space and the need to optimize gas exchange for photosynthesis and transpiration. In the long term, UV-B radiation can lead to more complex changes in stomatal morphology, including effects on both stomatal density and size, potentially impacting carbon sequestration and water use. In essence, UV-B can be a double-edged sword for stomata: It can induce stomatal closure and potentially reduce stomatal size, but it may also trigger an increase in stomatal density as a compensatory mechanism. It is generally more efficient for gas exchange to have smaller leaves with a higher stomatal density, rather than large leaves with lower stomatal density. This is because smaller stomata can facilitate faster gas exchange due to shorter diffusion pathways, even though they may have the same total pore area as fewer, larger stomata. Leaf size tends to decrease in colder climates to reduce heat loss, while larger leaves are more common in warmer, humid environments. Plants in arid regions often develop smaller leaves with a thicker cuticle and/or hairs to minimize water loss through transpiration. Conversely, plants in wet environments may have larger leaves and drip tips to facilitate water runoff. Leaf size and shape can vary based on light availability. For example, leaves in shaded areas may be larger and thinner to maximize light absorption. Leaf mass per area (LMA) can be higher in stressful environments with limited nutrients, indicating a greater investment in structural components for protection and critical resource conservation. Wind speed, humidity, and soil conditions can also influence leaf morphology, leading to variations in leaf shape, size, and surface characteristics. Small leaves: Reduce water loss in arid or cold climates. Environmental conditions significantly affect gene expression in plants. Plants are sessile organisms, meaning they cannot move to escape unfavorable conditions, so they rely on gene expression to adapt to their surroundings. Environmental factors like light, temperature, water, and nutrient availability can trigger changes in gene expression, allowing plants to respond to and survive in diverse environments. Depending on the environment a young seedling encounters, the developmental program following seed germination could be skotomorphogenesis in the dark or photomorphogenesis in the light. Light signals are interpreted by a repertoire of photoreceptors followed by sophisticated gene expression networks, eventually resulting in developmental changes. The expression and functions of photoreceptors and key signaling molecules are highly coordinated and regulated at multiple levels of the central dogma in molecular biology. Light activates gene expression through the actions of positive transcriptional regulators and the relaxation of chromatin by histone acetylation. Small regulatory RNAs help attenuate the expression of light-responsive genes. Alternative splicing, protein phosphorylation/dephosphorylation, the formation of diverse transcriptional complexes, and selective protein degradation all contribute to proteome diversity and change the functions of individual proteins. Photomorphogenesis, the light-driven developmental changes in plants, significantly impacts gene expression. It involves a cascade of events where light signals, perceived by photoreceptors, trigger changes in gene expression patterns, ultimately leading to the development of a plant in response to its light environment. Genes are expressed, not dictated! While having the potential to encode proteins, genes are not automatically and constantly active. Instead, their expression (the process of turning them into proteins) is carefully regulated by the cell, responding to internal and external signals. This means that genes can be "turned on" or "turned off," and the level of expression can be adjusted, depending on the cell's needs and the surrounding environment. In plants, genes are not simply "on" or "off" but rather their expression is carefully regulated based on various factors, including the cell type, developmental stage, and environmental conditions. This means that while all cells in a plant contain the same genetic information (the same genes), different cells will express different subsets of those genes at different times. This regulation is crucial for the proper functioning and development of the plant. When a green plant is exposed to red light, much of the red light is absorbed, but some is also reflected back. The reflected red light, along with any blue light reflected from other parts of the plant, can be perceived by our eyes as purple. Carotenoids absorb light in blue-green region of the visible spectrum, complementing chlorophyll's absorption in the red region. They safeguard the photosynthetic machinery from excessive light by activating singlet oxygen, an oxidant formed during photosynthesis. Carotenoids also quench triplet chlorophyll, which can negatively affect photosynthesis, and scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can damage cellular proteins. Additionally, carotenoid derivatives signal plant development and responses to environmental cues. They serve as precursors for the biosynthesis of phytohormones such as abscisic acid () and strigolactones (SLs). These pigments are responsible for the orange, red, and yellow hues of fruits and vegetables, while acting as free scavengers to protect plants during photosynthesis. Singlet oxygen (¹O₂) is an electronically excited state of molecular oxygen (O₂). Singlet oxygen is produced as a byproduct during photosynthesis, primarily within the photosystem II (PSII) reaction center and light-harvesting antenna complex. This occurs when excess energy from excited chlorophyll molecules is transferred to molecular oxygen. While singlet oxygen can cause oxidative damage, plants have mechanisms to manage its production and mitigate its harmful effects. Singlet oxygen (¹O₂) is considered a reactive oxygen species (ROS). It's a form of oxygen with higher energy and reactivity compared to the more common triplet oxygen found in its ground state. Singlet oxygen is generated both in biological systems, such as during photosynthesis in plants, and in cellular processes, and through chemical and photochemical reactions. While singlet oxygen is a ROS, it's important to note that it differs from other ROS like superoxide (O₂⁻), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), and hydroxyl radicals (OH) in its formation, reactivity, and specific biological roles. Non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) protects plants from damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) by dissipating excess light energy as heat. This process reduces the overexcitation of photosynthetic pigments, which can lead to the production of ROS, thus mitigating the potential for photodamage. Zeaxanthin, a carotenoid pigment, plays a crucial role in photoprotection in plants by both enhancing non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS). In high-light conditions, zeaxanthin is synthesized from violaxanthin through the xanthophyll cycle, and this zeaxanthin then facilitates heat dissipation of excess light energy (NPQ) and quenches harmful ROS. The Issue of Singlet Oxygen!! ROS Formation: Blue light, with its higher energy photons, can promote the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), including singlet oxygen, within the plant. Potential Damage: High levels of ROS can damage cellular components, including proteins, lipids, and DNA, potentially impacting plant health and productivity. Balancing Act: A balanced spectrum of light, including both blue and red light, is crucial for mitigating the harmful effects of excessive blue light and promoting optimal plant growth and stress tolerance. The Importance of Red Light: Red light (especially far-red) can help to mitigate the negative effects of excessive blue light by: Balancing the Photoreceptor Response: Red light can influence the activity of photoreceptors like phytochrome, which are involved in regulating plant responses to different light wavelengths. Enhancing Antioxidant Production: Red and blue light can stimulate the production of antioxidants, which help to neutralize ROS and protect the plant from oxidative damage. Optimizing Photosynthesis: Red light is efficiently used in photosynthesis, and its combination with blue light can lead to increased photosynthetic efficiency and biomass production. In controlled environments like greenhouses and vertical farms, optimizing the ratio of blue and red light is a key strategy for promoting healthy plant growth and yield. Understanding the interplay between blue light signaling, ROS production, and antioxidant defense mechanisms can inform breeding programs and biotechnological interventions aimed at improving plant stress resistance. In summary, while blue light is essential for plant development and photosynthesis, it's crucial to balance it with other light wavelengths, particularly red light, to prevent excessive ROS formation and promote overall plant health. Oxidative damage in plants occurs when there's an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the plant's ability to neutralize them, leading to cellular damage. This imbalance, known as oxidative stress, can result from various environmental stressors, affecting plant growth, development, and overall productivity. Causes of Oxidative Damage: Abiotic stresses: These include extreme temperatures (heat and cold), drought, salinity, heavy metal toxicity, and excessive light. Biotic stresses: Pathogen attacks and insect infestations can also trigger oxidative stress. Metabolic processes: Normal cellular activities, particularly in chloroplasts, mitochondria, and peroxisomes, can generate ROS as byproducts. Certain chlorophyll biosynthesis intermediates can produce singlet oxygen (1O2), a potent ROS, leading to oxidative damage. ROS can damage lipids (lipid peroxidation), proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids (DNA). Oxidative stress can compromise the integrity of cell membranes, affecting their function and permeability. Oxidative damage can interfere with essential cellular functions, including photosynthesis, respiration, and signal transduction. In severe cases, oxidative stress can trigger programmed cell death (apoptosis). Oxidative damage can lead to stunted growth, reduced biomass, and lower crop yields. Plants have evolved intricate antioxidant defense systems to counteract oxidative stress. These include: Enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and various peroxidases scavenge ROS and neutralize their damaging effects. Antioxidant molecules like glutathione, ascorbic acid (vitamin C), C60 fullerene, and carotenoids directly neutralize ROS. Developing plant varieties with gene expression focused on enhanced antioxidant capacity and stress tolerance is crucial. Optimizing irrigation, fertilization, and other management practices can help minimize stress and oxidative damage. Applying antioxidant compounds or elicitors can help plants cope with oxidative stress. Introducing genes for enhanced antioxidant enzymes or stress-related proteins over generations. Phytohormones, also known as plant hormones, are a group of naturally occurring organic compounds that regulate plant growth, development, and various physiological processes. The five major classes of phytohormones are: auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, ethylene, and abscisic acid. In addition to these, other phytohormones like brassinosteroids, jasmonates, and salicylates also play significant roles. Here's a breakdown of the key phytohormones: Auxins: Primarily involved in cell elongation, root initiation, and apical dominance. Gibberellins: Promote stem elongation, seed germination, and flowering. Cytokinins: Stimulate cell division and differentiation, and delay leaf senescence. Ethylene: Regulates fruit ripening, leaf abscission, and senescence. Abscisic acid (ABA): Plays a role in seed dormancy, stomatal closure, and stress responses. Brassinosteroids: Involved in cell elongation, division, and stress responses. Jasmonates: Regulate plant defense against pathogens and herbivores, as well as other processes. Salicylic acid: Plays a role in plant defense against pathogens. 1. Red and Far-Red Light (Phytochromes): Red light: Primarily activates the phytochrome system, converting it to its active form (Pfr), which promotes processes like stem elongation and flowering. Far-red light: Inhibits the phytochrome system by converting the active Pfr form back to the inactive Pr form. This can trigger shade avoidance responses and inhibit germination. Phytohormones: Red and far-red light regulate phytohormones like auxin and gibberellins, which are involved in stem elongation and other growth processes. 2. Blue Light (Cryptochromes and Phototropins): Blue light: Activates cryptochromes and phototropins, which are involved in various processes like stomatal opening, seedling de-etiolation, and phototropism (growth towards light). Phytohormones: Blue light affects auxin levels, influencing stem growth, and also impacts other phytohormones involved in these processes. Example: Blue light can promote vegetative growth and can interact with red light to promote flowering. 3. UV-B Light (UV-B Receptors): UV-B light: Perceived by UVR8 receptors, it can affect plant growth and development and has roles in stress responses, like UV protection. Phytohormones: UV-B light can influence phytohormones involved in stress responses, potentially affecting growth and development. 4. Other Colors: Green light: Plants are generally less sensitive to green light, as chlorophyll reflects it. Other wavelengths: While less studied, other wavelengths can also influence plant growth and development through interactions with different photoreceptors and phytohormones. Key Points: Cross-Signaling: Plants often experience a mix of light wavelengths, leading to complex interactions between different photoreceptors and phytohormones. Species Variability: The precise effects of light color on phytohormones can vary between different plant species. Hormonal Interactions: Phytohormones don't act in isolation; their interactions and interplay with other phytohormones and environmental signals are critical for plant responses. The spectral ratio of light (the composition of different colors of light) significantly influences a plant's hormonal balance. Different wavelengths of light are perceived by specific photoreceptors in plants, which in turn regulate the production and activity of various plant hormones (phytohormones). These hormones then control a wide range of developmental processes.

Dry weight of quality buds was 34g. I don’t wet weigh as it’s completely pointless. Quite a lot of trim for the hash bag. Tastes great

#Day 123 #Week 6 flowering 💐 Oh my God, it's the 6th week of flowering The smell of children is crazy. This week I used advance hydroponics overdrive supplement at the rate of 2 mg/liter because it is really high quality. Thank you for your comment🙏🙏🌷🌷

This strain was easy to grow right from seed. I think it will be one of my favourite strains this grow. Time to dry and cure. I will report the weight when dry. 💚✌️🏼

Love this strain looking forward to growing it in my window setup hope you all think it’s interesting.

Day 10 0,15l x plant pure water pH 6.2 Week 2 I transplanted the plants into 4l pots, 80% biobizz light mix substrate and 20% humus, added 5 grams of Mycormaxx per pot. For fertilization this week I will continue with vitalink Plant Start to avoid over-fertilization of the seedlings. pH 6.0-6.2 addition of Advanced Nutrient Sensi CalMag 1 ml to balance soft water. I keep the soil moist but not wet, and spray 2-3 times a day with the same solution.

****************** GINGER NUT COOKIES *************************************************3rd Jan 2020********************************************************** Awhile back I made a diary on here, about how I used a Clone of a Red Diesel from Barneys Farm plant, to create feminised pollen by reversing the sex using sodium thiosulphate mixed with silver nitrate which then makes silver thiosulfate solution or STS as its probably better known To get up to speed that diary can be found here https://growdiaries.com/diaries/42051-barney-039-s-farm-red-diesel-grow-journal-by-grey-wolf-growdiaries Then after I proccured some pollen I pollinated two Plants from Fastbuds in this Diary https://growdiaries.com/diaries/42635-gelato-auto-girl-scout-cookies-grow-journal-by-grey-wolf-growdiaries This diary will be showing the Growth of the result of Crossing the @BarneysFarm Red Diesel with the @Fastbuds Girl Scout Cookies auto . In Australia we have a cookie variety called Ginger nuts and I thought that an apt name for this strain combo I will be growing it in Soil fully organically with Sunshine and Love. Fuck knows how it will go and how it will even turn out but that just makes it more interesting & challenging for Me. So here we go & Let the Fun begin........................🙏🙏 Once a week I will post a link to an Aussie Band/performer performing one of their best songs to start things off Please Watch this video clip Dance Monkey https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q0hyYWKXF0Q

Last week of flower, I flushed during the last 4 days, I didn't do big flushes I simply water the plants with plain water, last 3 days of complete darkness. I think that next time I will complete the flush and then give 3 days of complete darkness, the fact that the plant is not receiving light makes flushing harder because the plant drinks less water. During the last 3 days, the humidity was always greater than 50% but the plants didn't seem affected. Before I started the flush the pant was only receiving 8h of light. I'm currently drying the plants, the temperature fluctuates between 17 and 19 degrees, I start with 65% humidity and I reduce 1% of humidity every day. I Do a 14 day dry DAY 134 PH - 6.02 Solution Temp - 16.9 PPM-1955 Watering Volume per plant - 4L DAY 136 - Molasses PH - 5.92 Solution Temp - 15.2 PPM-300 Watering Volume per plant - 4L

Final week!

Giving up is not an option! 24 hours in Bio Tabs Seed Plug + water then transplanted into a mixture of coffee grounds + soil + vermiculite. Lessgo 😉 23.07.20258 Looks like one seed isn't germinating. Probably my own fault, as I didn't notice that the water had leaked out. The shell is open, but nothing else is happening. I'll give it another chance, otherwise unfortunately RIP.

Flowers are developing nicely but slowly. Very few feeder leaves are turning yellow yet. I saw some webs between one of her branches and Lemon Cake. So I sprayed them with alcohol and burned some leaves. She and L. Cake have the same dense bushy structur. The buds are tight to the stems which traps humidity and moisture. Inviting pests and fungus.

The leaves are little bit fucked up,I think I will harvest sooner..

Ciao ragazzi e bentornati qui in una nuova pagina del diario degli Alberi di Limoni 🍋 Stanno ingrassando lentamente ma la quantità di Thc sembra interessante, molto gelida e dura. La numero 3 sembra quasi pronta. Wtf! I pistilli sono tutti arancioni ormai e h spogliato completamente lei per valorizzare i fiori. Le numero 1 e 2 sembrano avere lo stesso calendario invece, ancora molto indietro.👊 L odore di limone sta prendendo forma, al tatto sulle dita si percepisce prevalentemente questo!😋 Eh niente ragazzi! Le sorelle si nutrono bene e velocemente. Ottimo!👍 Grazie a tutti per aver guardato e restate sintonizzati per nuovi aggiornamenti.🙏 Buona settimana e felice crescita 🌱 🌱 🌱

Gracias al equipo de Sweet Seeds, Marshydro, XpertNutrients y Trolmaster sin ellos esto no sería posible. 💐🍁 Sweet Mandarine Zkittlez F1 FV : Genética feminizada y fotodependiente de floración ultrarrápida. Primera generación filial (F1) resultante del cruce entre un clon élite de Zkittlez (muy potente y resinoso, con un marcado aroma tipo Sour Diesel cítrico, entre naranja y mandarina) y nuestra Sweet Mimosa XL Auto (SWS94) que también tiene tonos aromáticos cítricos entre naranja y mandarina. El resultado del cruce es una vigorosa variedad híbrida fotodependiente muy resinosa, potente y aromática. El aroma de esta variedad es delicioso, con tonos Sour Diesel muy especiados, tonos de naranja y mango, fondo amaderado y lejanas pinceladas frescas como de pino o hierba recién cortada. Algunos individuos pueden mostrar flores y hojas con tonos púrpuras y rojizos al final de la floración. El efecto es enérgico, alegre y estimulante de la concentración y la creatividad. 💡TS-3000 + TS-1000: se usaran dos de las lámparas de la serie TS de Marshydro, para cubrir todas las necesidades de las plantas durante el ciclo de cultivo, uso las dos lámparas en floracion para llegar a toda la carpa de 1.50 x 1.50 x 1.80. https://marshydro.eu/products/mars-hydro-ts-3000-led-grow-light/ 🏠 : Marshydro 1.50 x 1.50 x 1.80, carpa 100% estanca con ventanas laterales para llegar a todos los lugares durante el grow https://marshydro.eu/products/diy-150x150x200cm-grow-tent-kit 🌬️💨 Marshydro 6inch + filtro carbon para evitar olores indeseables. https://marshydro.eu/products/ifresh-smart-6inch-filter-kits/ 💻 Trolmaster Tent-X TCS-1 como controlador de luz, optimiza tu cultivo con la última tecnología del mercado, desde donde puedes controlar todos los parametros. https://www.trolmaster.com/Products/Details/TCS-1. 🍣🍦🌴 Xpert Nutrients es una empresa especializada en la producción y comercialización de fertilizantes líquidos y tierras, que garantizan excelentes cosechas y un crecimiento activo para sus plantas durante todas las fases de cultivo. Consigue aqui tus Nutrientes: https://xpertnutrients.com/es/shop/ 📆 Semana 1: Ha sido una buena semana, ella ha dado otro gran cambio en su lugar definitivo 😎. La carpa está ocupada al 75% y comienza una floracion explosiva gracias a @Marshydro y @Xpertnutrients y @Trolmaster con esta gran genética 💪. A partir de ahora se riega manualmente con las dosis recomendadas por el fabricante.

😋 Smells good... ⏰ Arrived, harvest time! ✌️🎃 Thank you for checking my cultivation.

Second week, everything is going well, lst adjusment and light defoliation

Both plants have almost stopped growing in heigth now and are in full flowering mode now. Barbarian (=AK-47 x Barbara Bud) Plant #1 is 15 cm shorter than plant #2, but a little bushier. Both have grown very well and are strong and healthy. They get more and more flower clusters now and start to fill up all branches. Trichomes start to appear all over...the plants start to get sticky and develop a weak sweet aroma now. Its time to take off the biggest fan leaves now for defoliation, I took a round of pics before and after.