Foxtailing is most commonly caused by stress on the top buds, especially from too high light intensity (lamp too close / PPFD too high), heat stress at the canopy, and overall excess radiant energy late in flower. These factors keep the plant hormonally in a “keep growing” mode instead of fully switching into ripening, so the floral meristem stays active and keeps stacking new calyxes on top of each other instead of finishing into one dense, compact cola.