Buenas compis . Iniciamos vida 12 bombas de los compañeros de @gbsatrain Con ganas de darle ganas y fuerza Con toda mi energía para ellas Siempre es positivo y satisfactorio iniciar vida Vamos al lío

6/9 I can't believe it but I had faith. The transplant yesterday LOOKED like it was fucked. I cleaned it up though and left it outside. This morning it was standing straight up. Both transplants were! I put tarps up to block the wind tunnel between buildings. It's still overcast and rainy. Sun isn't supposed to come out for a couple poke days. Chance of thubder storms tomorrow but I'm going to try to get everyone in their forever homes today. Or at least most of them. I plan to light dep a few right in the 3 gallon. I'm sure I'll be updating this after I get some work done. UPDATE: I WENT OVER AND GOT THREE MORE TRANSPLANTED. THAT MEANS FIVE ARE OUTSIDE IN THE CAGE. TWO 10TH PLANET, 2 BLUEBERRY CHEESE AND A LITTLE PURPLE PUNCH. THE 3 GALLON POTS WERE RELATIVELY HEAVY SO I PICKED THE LIGHTER ONES TO TRANSPLANT. I LEFT THE ORHER TWO 10TH'S IN THE GARAGE WITH THE DOOR OPEN WITH THE REMAINING PLANTS. I ALSO ADDED WIND BREAKS AND SUPPORTS TO EVERYTHING. I WANTED TO GET EVERUTHING DONE TODAY BUT THERE MAY BE A THUNDER STORM SO IF I DONT GET IT DONE ITS NOT A BIG DEAL AND ILL FINISH TOMORROW. TRANSPLANTS WENT SMOOTH. I THINK THEY'LL GO EVEN SMOOTHER IF THEY DRY OUT A BIT. STILL HAVE THE 50 AND 40'S TO FILL. Took a bunch of videos but the don't want to load. I'll have to try tomorrow or later tonight. UPDATE: I TOOK TONS OF PICTURES AND VIDEOS BUT THEY DONT WANT TO SEEM TO UPLOAD. IVE GOT SIX IN THERE FINAL HOMES OUTDOORS 20s and 30 gallon smart pots. Still have massive plants but I'm going to out those in the 50 and the 40. I'll finish this shit up tomorrow and get all the girls in their forever homes and if I don't have room for some I was planning on doing a light dep anyway so that will work out good. I learned a lot and transplanting went a lot smoother todsy than before. I feel really proud of myself. The last Transplant I did break a few leaves off that I didn't notice but whatever. I used tomato cages for suppirt on two and bamboo poles and string on the others. I'll add the vertical trellis as they grow. I'm proud of myself. 6/10 I got a lot done yesterday. Six are outside already. Two are in 20s in the garage. I'm planning on transplanting the rest today or tomorrow. I'll update later. Accidently uploaded lots of stuff on the wrong week. UPDATE: I TRANSPLANTED THAT SUPER TALL PURPLE PUNCH THAT I DIDNT TOP OR HST AT ALL INTO A 40 GALLON TUB. ROOTS WERE DRY AND THIS TIME IT ACTUALLY LOOKED LIKE THEY FELL AWAY. THE PLANT HOWEVER STAYED STANDINGVUP FINE. I THINK THIS PHENO IS GOING TO BE A TOUGH ONE. LOOKS GOOD LIKE AN HOUR LATER. I HAD THE 50 READY TO TRANSPLANT THIS MONSTER BLUEBERRY CHEESE I FIMed BUT THE POTS WERE SUPER HEAVY AND I FIGURED I NEEDED TO SLOW DOWN AND THINK. WE HAVE THUNDER STORMS COMING TONIGHT. TOMORROW IS GOOD. I MAY TRY TO FINISH UP TONIGHT BUT WE SHALL SEE. THE GOOD THING WITH DOING IT A FEW AT A TIME IS THAT IF SOMETHING HAPPENS OUTSIDE IVE STILL GOT A CROP INSIDE LOL. WHAT IM PLANNING TO DO IS EITHER LIGHT DEP THAT BIG BLUEBERRY CHEESE OR PUT IT IN THE FIFTY BUT IM PLANNING TO LIGHT 3 RIGHT IN THEIR 3 GALLON CONTAINERS. HAVENT DECUDED FOR SURE BUT IM THINKING THATS WHATS GOING TO HAPPEN.......of course videos won't upload and the ones that do are old videos. Damn. I need to sharpen my computer skills....and my growing skills. Especially transplanting. I suck at transplanting. I decided not to out all my eggs in one basket and left the 10th planet amd Blue berry cheese in the 20s in the garage. I pulled them out for light further but I'm ousting them back a little tonight. That way I'll have a back up if something catastrophic happens. I doubt it but better safe than sorry. I'm proud of what I've accomplished thus far. I've successfully uploaded my 1 minute plus video several times but it won't appear. Oh well. I'll try to load the videos tomorrow I guess. Just started raining. Just a light rain. Probably what fresh transplants like. 6/11 BEAUTIFUL outside. Today is the day. Most is done and I'll add the supports as trellis as they grow. This new grow space gets about twice as much sun as my old spot. The tar stops the burrowing insects. I'm getting everything out today. I just need to decide if I'm going to light dep that MASSIVE blueberry cheese or bite the bullet and put it in the fifty. Maybe I'll try to get some help from my cousin. Plants withstood the thunderstorm like Champs. I'll update as the day goes on. I planned better this year so I SHOULDN'T have an unmanageable jungle. UPDATE: WATERED THE 3 PLANTS LEFT IN THE 3 GALLONS (1 10th PLANET WITH GREAT BRANCH STRUCTURE AND TWO PURPLE PUNCH THAT WERE THE SMALLER ONES. IM GOING TO LIGHT DEP THEM. EVERYTHING IS OUTSIDE NOW IN A MIX OF 1/3 FOX FARM OCEAN FOREST, HAPPY FROG AND ROOTS ORGANIC 707 IN EQUAL PARTS. TRANSPLANTED WITH MYKOS. EVERYTHING IS OUTSIDE NOW. FINALLY DECIDED TO GET The MONSTER BLUE CHEESE I FIMed INTO ITS FOREVER HOME A 50 FALLON POT. IT WAS TGE EASIEST BEST TRANSPLANT OF THEM ALL. JUST LIKE AETTING A POT IN THE WHOLE. I DONT EVEN THINK THE PLANT NOTICED. ONE OF THE PURPLE PUNCHES HAD ROOTS OB ONE OF ITS LEAVES WHEN I LOOKED BUTVIT WAS STILL STANDING UO STEAIGHT. I KNOW SOME OF THE PLANTS LOOK DROOPY BUT WEVE HAD SEVERAL DAYS OF RAIN AND A MASDIVE THUNDER STORM. I BROUGHT OUT THE EARLIER TRANSPLANTS AS WELL. THEY ARE OUT OF THE SHOCK. WIND IS PRETTY HIGH BUT I DONT WANT TO ADD MORE TARPS. I THINK THINGS ARE SECURED GOOD ENOUGH FOR NOW. IM SUPER STOKED THAT TRANSPLANT WENT SO GOOD! Went back at 7:30pm. Some plants have a little bit of transplant shock and a little bit of burn but it's negligible considering they've been through a thunderstorm with pouring rain and extremely high winds. That blueberry cheese in the 50 transplanted so easy and still looks like it didn't even know the difference. I'll start light dep once I get a plan. Plants are recovering nicely but should something happen to one I could replace it. I'm interested in the light dep though and I've got a pretty good idea how to start. 6/12 The plants that had a little transplant shock are coming out of it. We had a thunderstorm and pouring rain the day of some of the transplants. Wasn't forecasted. High winds moved the plants around a bunch bit they are tough as hell. Everything is out now. Suppisedcto have showers the next few days. I'm putting together a feeding schedule abd setting up a spit to start light dep on the three plants I decided to flower early. The cage now gets twice as much sun as before. This is going to be a good year. Went back over and plants are perking up and doing even better everytime I see them. I took a video but it might not upload until tomorrow. I may start a new diary for the light dep. I have a few places I'm thinking to use for light dep. I need to make a solid plan before I start so maybe a day or two. Trying to upload again but I doubt it. 6/13 Had a rushed morning but I watered the plants in the 3 gallons as they were dry. I had added more soil to a couple of the bags. The top soil is startingvtj dry out but the plants look good and we are supposed to get rain so I don't really want to water if it's going to be raining. I think I've found my light dep spot and schedule. I'll update after I do something. WENT BACK OVER AND SPRAYED A LITTLE BIT OF WATER ON THE EXTREMELY DRY TOPSOIL THAT I HAD TOPPED SOME OF THE PLANTS OFF WITH. SHITTY THING IS THAT WAS ADDED AFTER THE THUNDER STORM SO IT MAKES IT HARDER TO JUSTE THE PLANTS WATERING NEEDS. I CAN TELL THAT ONE OFCTHE FIRST TEANSPLANTS IS STILL HOLDING WATER. I MEAN WE GOT A DOWNPOUR AND I DONT WABT TO WATER IF WE'RE GOING TO BE GETTING RAIN ANYWAY. IM GOING TO LOOK BACK OVER THE DIARY. THATS ONE GREAT THING ABOUT THESE. YOU CAN GO BACK AND CHECK YOUR WORK. 6/14 Glad I held off watering. It's raining today. Just showers. We haven't gotten any of that extreme wind we usually do. I have the plants supported but I still worry. Definitely more than I should. Plants are still doing good and acclimating to there homes. I have not started the light dep with the 3 gallons but I think I've found my spot. Once I start it will just be staying consistent putt8ng them in and out. I need to train them anyway. I have some research to do and a joint to smoke so I'll update later.

Die 13 Blütewoche ist erfolgreich abgeschlossen! Tage der Wachstumsphase = 32 Tage. Tage der Blütephase = 91 Tage Wachstum h in Blütewoche 9= 0 cm Blütenbildung: sehr Hoch Die Blütenkelche sind am Ende der Produktion und verfärben sich. Die Trichome sind bei beiden ladies im gesamten trüb. Heißt, der Harvest Day nähert sich. Ich denke 1 Woche 👌 In dieser Woche den Ladies einige Blätter abgenommen das in der Endphase das Licht die buds erreicht. Der Wasserbedarf der Pflanze ist gleichbleibend moderat. Diese Woche 2 Tage von 7 gegossen (2* gespült mit 10 l) Mutation 1= strähnige Blüten (wie bei der Dr. Greenspoon öfter mal vorkommt) Mutation 2 = Gigantismus (doppelt so viele DNA Ketten wie regulär) Mutation 3 = Sekundäre Blüten an Blättern 2 mal in dieser Woche mit Purolyt Mischung 1:25 besprüht Lichtstärke: 87 % Lichtabstand: 36 cm Std Tag/Nacht: 12/12 Temperatur Tag: ca. 23,5 Grad RLF Tag: 40-45% Temperatur Nacht: 20-21 grad RLF Nacht: ca. 45 % VPD Wert: ca. 1.2 PH Wert Wasser/Düngelösung: 6,4 EC Wert: 0,3 Ventilator Oszillation: Stufe 3 Befeuchter: aus Entfeuchter: mit Steuerung an Zusätzlicher Entfeuchter: 1 Stk außerhalb vom Zelt im Raum Bewässerung: 2* bewässert mit Dünger mit den o.g. Mengen Purolyt Besprühung: 2 mal Controlling: Grow Control Dünger: Greenbuzz Nutrients Licht: Pro Emit Vollspektrum Abluft: EC Carbon Active 750 m3 gesteuert/PrimaKlima 480m3 https://greenbuzznutrients.com/de/ Danke an Greenbuzz Ihr bekommt 25 % Rabatt bei der Nutzung des Codes auf der GB Homepage https://greenbuzzliquids.com/de/shop/ Code: GD42025 (Mindestbestellwert 75€)

Día 43 (02/12) CBD Auto 20:1 #1 no para con el stretch! 🚀😍 Le elimino algunas hojas de abanico que tapan la luz a los cogollos inferiores Está empezando a pedir más agua cada día, pero no me extraña con lo grande que es! CBD Auto 20:1 #2 está empezando a engordar y engordar los cogollos 💥😁 OG Kush Auto tiene unos erizos preciosos! Día 44 (03/12) CBD Auto 20:1 #1 sigue imparable. Elimino algunas hojas de abanico OG Kush Auto se empieza a mostrar más sedienta en la formación de cogollos! Día 45 (04/12) CBD Auto 20:1 #1 sigue imparable. Elimino algunas hojas de abanico más! OG Kush Auto también le elimino algunas hojas de abanico Día 46 (05/12) CBD Auto 20:1 #1 Schwazzing / defoliación intensiva OG Kush Auto Defoliación! Día 47 (06/12) CBD Auto 20:1 #1 repetimos Schwazzing / defoliación intensiva debido a que la planta no para! Es increíble lo que crece esta planta! Día 48 (07/12) OG Kush Auto ha empezado a aumentar el consumo de H2O, y se muestra sedienta en esta fase. Mañana aumentaré el volumen de riego de 750 ml a 1.000 ml Debido a que se acerca una ola de frio, hago una mejora sustancial en la tienda Coloco un radiador de aceite + un termostato digital Wifi (controlador de temperatura) para poder controlar el radiador Me encanta porque desde la App puedo programar eventos en función de cualquier parámetro, de modo que puedo controlar la histéresis del radiador 😁 Tras un par de días de pruebas, consigo una temperatura estable de 22 - 24 ºC con luces ON! 😁 Día 49 (08/12) CBD Auto 20:1 #1 ha crecido increíblemente esta semana comparándola con la semana anterior! Un monster pheno! CBD Auto 20:1 #2 hago riego con 750 ml H2O RO + BIO PK 5-8 10 ml/l. ¡Un empujón para la recta final de floración! Tiene unos colores preciosos en los cogollos! Con tonos rosas y morados en los ápices! 😍 LSD-25 Auto hago riego con 750 ml H2O RO + BIO PK 5-8 10 ml/l. ¡Un empujón para la recta final de floración! Está preciosa con ese morado casi negro que presenta en cogollos y hojas, unido a los pistilos de color naranja fuego conforme van madurando OG Kush Auto tiene una formación de cogollos impresionante, y ha empezado a cubrir de tricomas todas las hojas que salen de los cogollos 😍 Lo único preocupante es que ha empezado a mostrar algunas manchas marrones en las hojas de los cogollos... Riego con 1 litro de H2O RO + 1 g/L de BACTREX para ver si le ayuda con la gestión de este exceso / deficiencia 💦Nutrients by Bio Tabs - www.biotabs.nl/en/ 🌱Substrate PRO-MIX HP BACILLUS + MYCORRHIZAE - www.pthorticulture.com/en-us/products/pro-mix-hp-biofungicide-plus-mycorrhizae "GDBT420" 15% DISCOUNT code for the BIOTABS Webshop https://biotabs.nl/en/shop/

07/02/2019 Calyxs swelling and new pistils popping out everywhere smell is sweet candyish like not floral, and some feulienes as well.some leaves fading and defoiliating as needed. Did reservoir change and added overdrive, I will use week 5 and week 6, and then taper off on nutes week 7, 8, and flush on week 9 and then compare to my last harvest see if I did better. Thank you for dropping in hope to see some impressive results next week wish me luck 👍 Ps not sure what happend to my nutes but they are as follows PH Perfect G,M,B, plus Overdrive for week 5,6. 07/06/2019 Mid week had to add 2 liters of nutes to top off reservoir GMB,And Overdrive.

Started off by setting up the growing environment and dialling everything in such as; RO Water for the RDWC hydroponic system. Water Heater being set at 20 degrees C. Water chiller being set at 21 degrees C. pH being set at 5.7/5.8 Room Temp and humidity 20/23 Degrees C / 60%/80%RH. Instead of using rockwool cubes to place my seeds, I put them directly into the clay pebbles. I then used a DIY humidity dome to place over the seeds until they make an appearance. I have been top feeding RO water every 6 hours. Foil was used to cover the net pot to ensure no light leaks were going into the system. Highly important in DWC. Will add some light nutrients once seeds are more established. Until the next one!

1 moth passed from germination. In result we have 12 strong plants and 4 reduced. They begin presenting wonderful scent! Increased my led on 40 % of power and it seems great. Buen fin de semana a todos !

Mephisto freebie cross is not always labeled in pictures but the alaska should be hope you can tell the difference like me! So I got rid of the tents and got another light video should show it maybe a picture

22/5 just given them 20l fresh water per tray which is done (2 times a week). Feed schedule 📅 changed 2.4ml per ltr (bloom) 1.8ml per ltr (micro) 0.8ml per ltr (grow) 10ml per 20 ltr tray. (Flowerbomb) Had a problem with (smaller plants) tray. Which was too with pump luckly i have a spare so have changed them over. I have kept this tray on a pre Flower schedule now they have a better pump i believe they will pick up speed. So far so good fingers crossed 🤞 😊

Que pasa familia, vamos con la segunda semana de floración de estas Papayton feminizadas de fastbuds. Vamos al lío ,se trasplantaron en macetas de 7 litros definitivamente. El ph se controla en 6.0 , la temperatura la tenemos entre 24/20 grados y la humedad ronda el 50%. El ciclo de floración puse 12h de luz, el foco está al 50% de potencia. De momento van creciendo a buen ritmo y tienen un buen color, estaban muy bien enraizadas al realizarle el trasplante se notaba la abundancia radicular. COMENTAR: que una de las 3 salió macho. Agradecer a Agrobeta por el kit Gold series que mandaron, siempre os portáis, unos maestros. - os dejo por aquí un CÓDIGO: Eldruida Descuento para la tienda de MARS HYDRO. https://www.mars-hydro.com Hasta aquí todo, Buenos humos 💨💨💨

🥧🦍 Thank you for such positive energy, good luck to all gardeners. Look 👀 so healthy, Now only care and time is needed❤️✨

Started LST we’ll see how it develops

Lots of popcorn buds because I really did not understand defoliation or lollipopping and was too scared to try. I have since become a much better judge of what leaves to pull and when. This diary was just to create a record of every grow I have done so far. Thanks!

In week 4 the plants are repotted into 15 liter containers. First 2 cm of expanded clay-pebbles come into each pot for better drainage. Then I use light-mix to fill up the pot and add the BIO-TABs fertilizer tablets to the ground (2 per pot). 75 gram Startrex per container mixed into soil, 5 gram Mycotrex per container mixed into soil, 1 gram Bactrex and 5 ml Orgatrex per liter water are added as well (following the recommendations of Bio-Tabs). Each plant is potted in the center of the pot and then watered well. I put them into my HOMEBOX grow-tent and under my SANlight EVO4-120 LEDs. The lamps are at 75 cm distance from the top of the plants and tilted inwards by 11 degree (as recommended by SANlight for this area).

Day 1 of flo, description in OG Kush Diary, I'm really curious about this bush. I think I will taste great from what people told me it'd been really good for making some wax also, I like how I managed that canacopy I know I can do better but it's my first time trying this actually... I'm kinda beating myself up because I wanted a bit longer branching but next time I think I will try doing this with all 4 of my plants just because I like how it looks Day 3: sorry to see that beautiful bushy structure having to come off, I enjoyed looking at it but time to give those bigger buds some space and give the plant some energy to the top so I'm removing all unnecessary small little branching to increase the airflow etc.. I enjoy working on my plants. Day 4: flo so I managed to get rid of most of the bush and alot more of the plant has opened up, I removed mostly smaller branches and let the bigger ones stay just to see how I can further improve this In future and what to look for. I could watch all the videos I want but without a 1st hand experience it's always just a theory , there's always room for improvement every grow in my opinion. 8 Feburary Update: I flushed all 3 with some water and fed 10ml of each a and b + additives they responded very well soon on day 7 I'm planning to start giving them more bloom nutrients after flushing the medium just a little once more so I can really push it and make sure my ppm is high enough without too much salt buildup, for that I will be using cal mag water followed up by final dose of grow a + B with some big bud I'm trying to avoid that saltbuildup at all costs here as this is my first grow in 7 Years here in Germany 🇩🇪😁, btw the water quality here is so much better than in Ireland... I gotta be careful with pests alot living on the bottom floor, thing is a nightmare...

Ok so this here is my lady she has a great structure and over all height to use .. The whole plant has been growing fast both in width and height out of it. The grow has been organic and and feeding it with @miicrobialmass a biological additive that brings the soil around the roots alive .. we are going to have a monster on out hands..

High temps & dry

They popped up pretty quick.. Got new tent for them. Waiting on light mover to put them in there permanently. Hopefully it gets here tomorrow night. But this set up it’s the cats ass.. Tent is solid and very very nice in quality I highly recommend it. Got the Infinity auto control fan too make this easier. Waiting on charcoal filters so I can cut them and attach them to the bottom intakes somehow. That’s my only complaint they give you nice large intakes just no way to block the light if open. But I figured something out I’ll show you later.. I also ordered a separate plastic floor pan that actually fits perfectly it’s like 23.5”x 47”.. Tent comes with nice fabric pan just don’t wanna ruin it..

Lacewings seemed to have mostly killed themselves by flying into hot light fixtures. I may have left the UV on which was smart of me :) Done very little to combat if anything but make a sea of carcasses, on the bright side its good nutrition for the soil. Made a concoction of ethanol 70%, equal parts water, and cayenne pepper with a couple of squirts of dish soap. Took around an hour of good scrubbing the entire canopy. Worked a lot more effectively and way cheaper. Scorched earth right now, but it seems to have wiped them out almost entirely very pleased. Attempted a "Fudge I Missed" for the topping. So just time to wait and see how it goes. Question? If I attached a plant to two separate pots but it was connected by rootzone, one has a pH of 7.5 ish the other has 4.5. Would the Intelligence of the plant able to dictate each pot separately to uptake the nutrients best suited to pH or would it still try to draw nitrogen from a pot with a pH where nitrogen struggles to uptake? Food for stoner thought experiments! Another was on my mind. What happens when a plant gets too much light? Well, it burns and curls up leaves. That's the heat radiation, let's remove excess heat, now what? I've always read it's just bad, or not good, but when I look for an explanation on a deeper level it's just bad and you shouldn't do it. So I did. How much can a cannabis plant absorb, 40 moles in a day, ok I'll give it 60 moles. 80 nothing bad ever happened. The answer, finally. Oh great........more questions........ Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are molecules capable of independent existence, containing at least one oxygen atom and one or more unpaired electrons. "Sunlight is the essential source of energy for most photosynthetic organisms, yet sunlight in excess of the organism’s photosynthetic capacity can generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) that lead to cellular damage. To avoid damage, plants respond to high light (HL) by activating photophysical pathways that safely convert excess energy to heat, which is known as nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) (Rochaix, 2014). While NPQ allows for healthy growth, it also limits the overall photosynthetic efficiency under many conditions. If NPQ were optimized for biomass, yields would improve dramatically, potentially by up to 30% (Kromdijk et al., 2016; Zhu et al., 2010). However, critical information to guide optimization is still lacking, including the molecular origin of NPQ and the mechanism of regulation." What I found most interesting was research pointing out that pH is linked to this defense mechanism. The organism can better facilitate "quenching" when oversaturated with light in a low pH. Now I Know during photosynthesis plants naturally produce exudates (chemicals that are secreted through their roots). Do they have the ability to alter pH themselves using these excretions? Or is that done by the beneficial bacteria? If I can prevent reactive oxygen species from causing damage by "too much light". The extra water needed to keep this level of burn cooled though, I must learn to crawl before I can run. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are key signaling molecules that enable cells to rapidly respond to different stimuli. In plants, ROS plays a crucial role in abiotic and biotic stress sensing, integration of different environmental signals, and activation of stress-response networks, thus contributing to the establishment of defense mechanisms and plant resilience. Recent advances in the study of ROS signaling in plants include the identification of ROS receptors and key regulatory hubs that connect ROS signaling with other important stress-response signal transduction pathways and hormones, as well as new roles for ROS in organelle-to-organelle and cell-to-cell signaling. Our understanding of how ROS are regulated in cells by balancing production, scavenging, and transport has also increased. In this Review, we discuss these promising developments and how they might be used to increase plant resilience to environmental stress. Temperature stress is one of the major abiotic stresses that adversely affect agricultural productivity worldwide. Temperatures beyond a plant's physiological optimum can trigger significant physiological and biochemical perturbations, reducing plant growth and tolerance to stress. Improving a plant's tolerance to these temperature fluctuations requires a deep understanding of its responses to environmental change. To adapt to temperature fluctuations, plants tailor their acclimatory signal transduction events, specifically, cellular redox state, that are governed by plant hormones, reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulatory systems, and other molecular components. The role of ROS in plants as important signaling molecules during stress acclimation has recently been established. Here, hormone-triggered ROS produced by NADPH oxidases, feedback regulation, and integrated signaling events during temperature stress activate stress-response pathways and induce acclimation or defense mechanisms. At the other extreme, excess ROS accumulation, following temperature-induced oxidative stress, can have negative consequences on plant growth and stress acclimation. The excessive ROS is regulated by the ROS scavenging system, which subsequently promotes plant tolerance. All these signaling events, including crosstalk between hormones and ROS, modify the plant's transcriptomic, metabolomic, and biochemical states and promote plant acclimation, tolerance, and survival. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the ROS, hormones, and their joint role in shaping a plant's responses to high and low temperatures, and we conclude by outlining hormone/ROS-regulated plant-responsive strategies for developing stress-tolerant crops to combat temperature changes. Onward upward for now. Next! Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is an energy-carrying molecule known as "the energy currency of life" or "the fuel of life," because it's the universal energy source for all living cells.1 Every living organism consists of cells that rely on ATP for their energy needs. ATP is made by converting the food we eat into energy. It's an essential building block for all life forms. Without ATP, cells wouldn't have the fuel or power to perform functions necessary to stay alive, and they would eventually die. All forms of life rely on ATP to do the things they must do to survive.2 ATP is made of a nitrogen base (adenine) and a sugar molecule (ribose), which create adenosine, plus three phosphate molecules. If adenosine only has one phosphate molecule, it’s called adenosine monophosphate (AMP). If it has two phosphates, it’s called adenosine diphosphate (ADP). Although adenosine is a fundamental part of ATP, when it comes to providing energy to a cell and fueling cellular processes, the phosphate molecules are what really matter. The most energy-loaded composition for adenosine is ATP, which has three phosphates.3 ATP was first discovered in the 1920s. In 1929, Karl Lohmann—a German chemist studying muscle contractions—isolated what we now call adenosine triphosphate in a laboratory. At the time, Lohmann called ATP by a different name. It wasn't until a decade later, in 1939, that Nobel Prize–-winner Fritz Lipmann established that ATP is the universal carrier of energy in all living cells and coined the term "energy-rich phosphate bonds."45 Lipmann focused on phosphate bonds as the key to ATP being the universal energy source for all living cells, because adenosine triphosphate releases energy when one of its three phosphate bonds breaks off to form ADP. ATP is a high-energy molecule with three phosphate bonds; ADP is low-energy with only two phosphate bonds. The Twos and Threes of ATP and ADP Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) becomes adenosine diphosphate (ADP) when one of its three phosphate molecules breaks free and releases energy (“tri” means “three,” while “di” means “two”). Conversely, ADP becomes ATP when a phosphate molecule is added. As part of an ongoing energy cycle, ADP is constantly recycled back into ATP.3 Much like a rechargeable battery with a fluctuating state of charge, ATP represents a fully charged battery, and ADP represents a "low-power mode." Every time a fully charged ATP molecule loses a phosphate bond, it becomes ADP; energy is released via the process of ATP becoming ADP. On the flip side, when a phosphate bond is added, ADP becomes ATP. When ADP becomes ATP, what was previously a low-charged energy adenosine molecule (ADP) becomes fully charged ATP. This energy-creation and energy-depletion cycle happens time and time again, much like your smartphone battery can be recharged countless times during its lifespan. The human body uses molecules held in the fats, proteins, and carbohydrates we eat or drink as sources of energy to make ATP. This happens through a process called hydrolysis . After food is digested, it's synthesized into glucose, which is a form of sugar. Glucose is the main source of fuel that our cells' mitochondria use to convert caloric energy from food into ATP, which is an energy form that can be used by cells. ATP is made via a process called cellular respiration that occurs in the mitochondria of a cell. Mitochondria are tiny subunits within a cell that specialize in extracting energy from the foods we eat and converting it into ATP. Mitochondria can convert glucose into ATP via two different types of cellular respiration: Aerobic (with oxygen) Anaerobic (without oxygen) Aerobic cellular respiration transforms glucose into ATP in a three-step process, as follows: Step 1: Glycolysis Step 2: The Krebs cycle (also called the citric acid cycle) Step 3: Electron transport chain During glycolysis, glucose (i.e., sugar) from food sources is broken down into pyruvate molecules. This is followed by the Krebs cycle, which is an aerobic process that uses oxygen to finish breaking down sugar and harnesses energy into electron carriers that fuel the synthesis of ATP. Lastly, the electron transport chain (ETC) pumps positively charged protons that drive ATP production throughout the mitochondria’s inner membrane.2 ATP can also be produced without oxygen (i.e., anaerobic), which is something plants, algae, and some bacteria do by converting the energy held in sunlight into energy that can be used by a cell via photosynthesis. Anaerobic exercise means that your body is working out "without oxygen." Anaerobic glycolysis occurs in human cells when there isn't enough oxygen available during an anaerobic workout. If no oxygen is present during cellular respiration, pyruvate can't enter the Krebs cycle and is oxidized into lactic acid. In the absence of oxygen, lactic acid fermentation makes ATP anaerobically. The burning sensation you feel in your muscles when you're huffing and puffing during anaerobic high-intensity interval training (HIIT) that maxes out your aerobic capacity or during a strenuous weight-lifting workout is lactic acid, which is used to make ATP via anaerobic glycolysis. During aerobic exercise, mitochondria have enough oxygen to make ATP aerobically. However, when you're out of breath and your cells don’t have enough oxygen to perform cellular respiration aerobically, the process can still happen anaerobically, but it creates a temporary burning sensation in your skeletal muscles. Why ATP Is So Important? ATP is essential for life and makes it possible for us to do the things we do. Without ATP, cells wouldn't be able to use the energy held in food to fuel cellular processes, and an organism couldn't stay alive. As a real-world example, when a car runs out of gas and is parked on the side of the road, the only thing that will make the car drivable again is putting some gasoline back in the tank. For all living cells, ATP is like the gas in a car's fuel tank. Without ATP, cells wouldn't have a source of usable energy, and the organism would die. Eating a well-balanced diet and staying hydrated should give your body all the resources it needs to produce plenty of ATP. Although some athletes may slightly improve their performance by taking supplements or ergonomic aids designed to increase ATP production, it's debatable that oral adenosine triphosphate supplementation actually increases energy. An average cell in the human body uses about 10 million ATP molecules per second and can recycle all of its ATP in less than a minute. Over 24 hours, the human body turns over its weight in ATP. You can last weeks without food. You can last days without water. You can last minutes without oxygen. You can last 16 seconds at most without ATP. Food amounts to one-third of ATP production within the human body.