Having a pretty quiet week. Still have some yellowing of the lower leaves but the nutrients have relatively low levels of nitrogen plus the plant is in mid/late flower so it's to be somewhat expected. Otherwise, she's getting thicker, stickier and smellier every day.

ANTHOCYANIN production is primarily controlled by the Cryptochrome (CR1) Photoreceptor ( !! UV and Blue Spectrums are primary drivers in the production of the pigment that replaces chlorophyll, isn't that awesome! 1. Diverse photoreceptors in plants Many civilizations, including the sun god of ancient Egypt, thought that the blessings of sunlight were the source of life. In fact, the survival of all life, including humans, is supported by the photosynthesis of plants that capture solar energy. Plants that perform photosynthesis have no means of transportation except for some algae. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor various changes in the external environment and respond appropriately to the place to survive. Among various environmental information, light is especially important information for plants that perform photosynthesis. In the process of evolution, plants acquired phytochrome, which mainly receives light in the red light region, and multiple blue light receptors, including his hytropin and phototropin, in order to sense the light environment. .. In addition to these, an ultraviolet light receptor named UVR8 was recently discovered. The latest image of the molecular structure and function of these various plant photoreceptors (Fig. 1), focusing on phytochrome and phototropin. Figure 1 Ultraviolet-visible absorption spectra of phytochrome, cryptochrome, phototropin, and UVR8. The dashed line represents each bioactive absorption spectrum. 2. Phytochrome; red-far red photoreversible molecular switch What is phytochrome? Phytochrome is a photochromic photoreceptor, and has two absorption types, a red light absorption type Pr (absorption maximum wavelength of about 665 nm) and a far-red light absorption type Pfr (730 nm). Reversible light conversion between the two by red light and far-red light, respectively(Fig. 1A, solid line and broken line). In general, Pfr is the active form that causes a physiological response. With some exceptions, phytochrome can be said to function as a photoreversible molecular switch. The background of the discovery is as follows. There are some types of plants that require light for germination (light seed germination). From that study, it was found that germination was induced by red light, the effect was inhibited by subsequent far-red light irradiation, and this could be repeated, and the existence of photoreceptors that reversibly photoconvert was predicted. In 1959, its existence was confirmed by the absorption spectrum measurement of the yellow sprout tissue, and it was named phytochrome. Why does the plant have a sensor to distinguish between such red light and far-red light? There is no big difference between the red and far-red light regions in the open-field spectrum of sunlight, but the proportion of red light is greatly reduced due to the absorption of chloroplasts in the shade of plants. Similar changes in light quality occur in the evening sunlight. Plants perceive this difference in light quality as the ratio of Pr and Pfr, recognize the light environment, and respond to it. Subsequent studies have revealed that it is responsible for various photomorphogenic reactions such as photoperiodic flowering induction, shade repellent, and deyellowing (greening). Furthermore, with the introduction of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana (At) and the development of molecular biological analysis methods, research has progressed dramatically, and his five types of phytochromes (phyA-E) are present in Arabidopsis thaliana. all right. With the progress of the genome project, Fi’s tochrome-like photoreceptors were found in cyanobacteria, a photosynthetic prokaryotes other than plants. Furthermore, in non-photosynthetic bacteria, a homologue molecule called bacteriophytochrome photoreceptor (BphP) was found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa) and radiation-resistant bacteria (Deinococcus radiodurans, Dr). Domain structure of phytochrome molecule Phytochrome molecule can be roughly divided into N-terminal side and C-terminal side region. PAS (Per / Arndt / Sim: blue), GAF (cGMP phosphodiesterase / adenylyl cyclase / FhlA: green), PHY (phyto-chrome: purple) 3 in the N-terminal region of plant phytochrome (Fig. 2A) There are two domains and an N-terminal extension region (NTE: dark blue), and phytochromobilin (PΦB), which is one of the ring-opening tetrapyrroles, is thioether-bonded to the system stored in GAF as a chromophore. ing. PAS is a domain involved in the interaction between signal transduction-related proteins, and PHY is a phytochrome-specific domain. There are two PASs and her histidine kinase-related (HKR) domain (red) in the C-terminal region, but the histidine essential for kinase activity is not conserved. 3. Phototropin; photosynthetic efficiency optimized blue light receptor What is phototropin? Charles Darwin, who is famous for his theory of evolution, wrote in his book “The power of move-ment in plants” published in 1882 that plants bend toward blue light. Approximately 100 years later, the protein nph1 (nonphoto-tropic hypocotyl 1) encoded by one of the causative genes of Arabidopsis mutants causing phototropic abnormalities was identified as a blue photoreceptor. Later, another isotype npl1 was found and renamed phototropin 1 (phot1) and 2 (phot2), respectively. In addition to phototropism, phototropin is damaged by chloroplast photolocalization (chloroplasts move through the epidermal cells of the leaves and gather on the cell surface under appropriate light intensity for photosynthesis. As a photoreceptor for reactions such as escaping to the side of cells under dangerous strong light) and stomata (reactions that open stomata to optimize the uptake of carbon dioxide, which is the rate-determining process of photosynthetic reactions). It became clear that it worked. In this way, phototropin can be said to be a blue light receptor responsible for optimizing photosynthetic efficiency. Domain structure and LOV photoreaction of phototropin molecule Phototropin molecule has two photoreceptive domains (LOV1 and LOV2) called LOV (Light-Oxygen-Voltage sensing) on the N-terminal side, and serine / on the C-terminal side. It is a protein kinase that forms threonine kinase (STK) (Fig. 4Aa) and whose activity is regulated by light. LOV is one molecule as a chromophore, he binds FMN (flavin mononucleotide) non-covalently. The LOV forms an α/βfold, and the FMN is located on a β-sheet consisting of five antiparallel β-strands (Fig. 4B). The FMN in the ground state LOV shows the absorption spectrum of a typical oxidized flavin protein with a triplet oscillation structure and an absorption maximum wavelength of 450 nm, and is called D450 (Fig. 1C and Fig. 4E). After being excited to the singlet excited state by blue light, the FMN shifts to the triplet excited state (L660t *) due to intersystem crossing, and then the C4 (Fig. 4C) of the isoaroxazine ring of the FMN is conserved in the vicinity. It forms a transient accretionary prism with the tain (red part in Fig. 4B Eα) (S390I). When this cysteine is replaced with alanine (C / A substitution), the addition reaction does not occur. The effect of adduct formation propagates to the protein moiety, causing kinase activation (S390II). After that, the formed cysteine-flavin adduct spontaneously dissociates and returns to the original D450 (Fig. 4E, dark regression reaction). Phototropin kinase activity control mechanism by LOV2 Why does phototropin have two LOVs? Atphot1 was found as a protein that is rapidly autophosphorylated when irradiated with blue light. The effect of the above C / A substitution on this self-phosphorylation reaction and phototropism was investigated, and LOV2 is the main photomolecular switch in both self-phosphorylation and phototropism. It turns out that it functions as. After that, from experiments using artificial substrates, STK has a constitutive activity, LOV2 functions as an inhibitory domain of this activity, and the inhibition is eliminated by photoreaction, while LOV1 is kinase light. It was shown to modify the photosensitivity of the activation reaction. In addition to this, LOV1 was found to act as a dimerization site from the crystal structure and his SAXS. What kind of molecular mechanism does LOV2 use to photoregulate kinase activity? The following two modules play important roles in this intramolecular signal transduction. Figure 4 (A) Domain structure of LOV photoreceptors. a: Phototropin b: Neochrome c: FKF1 family protein d: Aureochrome (B) Crystal structure of auto barley phot1 LOV2. (C) Structure of FMN isoaroxazine ring. (D) Schematic diagram of the functional domain and module of Arabidopsis thaliana phot1. L, A’α, and Jα represent linker, A’α helix, and Jα helix, respectively. (E) LOV photoreaction. (F) Molecular structure model (mesh) of the LOV2-STK sample (black line) containing A’α of phot2 obtained based on SAXS under dark (top) and under bright (bottom). The yellow, red, and green space-filled models represent the crystal structures of LOV2-Jα, protein kinase A N-lobe, and C-robe, respectively, and black represents FMN. See the text for details. 1) Jα. LOV2 C of oat phot1-to α immediately after the terminus Rix (Jα) is present (Fig. 4D), which interacts with the β-sheet (Fig. 4B) that forms the FMN-bound scaffold of LOV2 in the dark, but unfolds and dissociates from the β-sheet with photoreaction. It was shown by NMR that it does. According to the crystal structure of LOV2-Jα, this Jα is located on the back surface of the β sheet and mainly has a hydrophobic interaction. The formation of S390II causes twisting of the isoaroxazine ring and protonation of N5 (Fig. 4C). As a result, the glutamine side chain present on his Iβ strand (Fig. 4B) in the β-sheet rotates to form a hydrogen bond with this protonated N5. Jα interacts with this his Iβ strand, and these changes are thought to cause the unfold-ing of Jα and dissociation from the β-sheet described above. Experiments such as amino acid substitution of Iβ strands revealed that kinases exhibit constitutive activity when this interaction is eliminated, and that Jα plays an important role in photoactivation of kinases. 2) A’α / Aβ gap. Recently, several results have been reported showing the involvement of amino acids near the A’α helix (Fig. 4D) located upstream of the N-terminal of LOV2 in kinase photoactivation. Therefore, he investigated the role of this A’α and its neighboring amino acids in kinase photoactivation, photoreaction, and Jα structural change for Atphot1. The LOV2-STK polypeptide (Fig. 4D, underlined in black) was used as a photocontrollable kinase for kinase activity analysis. As a result, it was found that the photoactivation of the kinase was abolished when amino acid substitution was introduced into the A’α / Aβ gap between A’α and Aβ of the LOV2 core. Interestingly, he had no effect on the structural changes in Jα examined on the peptide map due to the photoreaction of LOV2 or trypsin degradation. Therefore, the A’α / Aβ gap is considered to play an important role in intramolecular signal transduction after Jα. Structural changes detected by SAXS Structural changes of Jα have been detected by various biophysical methods other than NMR, but structural information on samples including up to STK is reported only by his results to his SAXS. Not. The SAXS measurement of the Atphot2 LOV2-STK polypeptide showed that the radius of inertia increased from 32.4 Å to 34.8 Å, and the molecular model (Fig. 4F) obtained by the ab initio modeling software GASBOR is that of LOV2 and STK. It was shown that the N lobes and C lobes lined up in tandem, and the relative position of LOV2 with respect to STK shifted by about 13 Å under light irradiation. The difference in the molecular model between the two is considered to reflect the structural changes that occur in the Jα and A’α / Aβ gaps mentioned above. Two phototropins with different photosensitivity In the phototropic reaction of Arabidopsis Arabidopsis, Arabidopsis responds to a very wide range of light intensities from 10–4 to 102 μmol photon / sec / m2. At that time, phot1 functions as an optical sensor in a wide range from low light to strong light, while phot2 reacts with light stronger than 1 μmol photon / sec / m2. What is the origin of these differences? As is well known, animal photoreceptors have a high photosensitivity due to the abundance of rhodopsin and the presence of biochemical amplification mechanisms. The exact abundance of phot1 and phot2 in vivo is unknown, but interesting results have been obtained in terms of amplification. The light intensity dependence of the photoactivation of the LOV2-STK polypeptide used in the above kinase analysis was investigated. It was found that phot1 was about 10 times more photosensitive than phot2. On the other hand, when the photochemical reactions of both were examined, it was found that the rate of the dark return reaction of phot1 was about 10 times slower than that of phot2. This result indicates that the longer the lifetime of S390II, which is in the kinase-activated state, the higher the photosensitivity of kinase activation. This correlation was further confirmed by extending the lifespan of her S390II with amino acid substitutions. This alone cannot explain the widespread differences in photosensitivity between phot1 and phot2, but it may explain some of them. Furthermore, it is necessary to investigate in detail protein modifications such as phosphorylation and the effects of phot interacting factors on photosensitivity. Other LOV photoreceptors Among fern plants and green algae, phytochrome ɾphotosensory module (PSM) on the N-terminal side and chimera photoreceptor with full-length phototropin on the C-terminal side, neochrome (Fig. There are types with 4Ab). It has been reported that some neochromes play a role in chloroplast photolocalization as a red light receiver. It is considered that fern plants have such a chimera photoreceptor in order to survive in a habitat such as undergrowth in a jungle where only red light reaches. In addition to this, plants have only one LOV domain, and three proteins involved in the degradation of photomorphogenesis-related proteins, FKF1 (Flavin-binding, Kelch repeat, F-box 1, ZTL (ZEITLUPE)), LKP2 ( There are LOV Kelch Protein2) (Fig. 4Ac) and aureochrome (Fig. 4Ad), which has a bZip domain on the N-terminal side of LOV and functions as a gene transcription factor. 4. Cryptochrome and UVR8 Cryptochrome is one of the blue photoreceptors and forms a superfamily with the DNA photoreceptor photolyase. It has FAD (flavin adenine dinucle-otide) as a chromophore and tetrahydrofolic acid, which is a condensing pigment. The ground state of FAD is considered to be the oxidized type, and the radical type (broken line in Fig. 1B) generated by blue light irradiation is considered to be the signaling state. The radical type also absorbs in the green to orange light region, and may widen the wavelength region of the plant morphogenesis reaction spectrum. Cryptochrome uses blue light to control physiological functions similar to phytochrome. It was identified as a photoreceptor from one of the causative genes of UVR8 Arabidopsis thaliana, and the chromophore is absorbed in the UVB region by a Trp triad consisting of three tryptophans (Fig. 1D). It is involved in the biosynthesis of flavonoids and anthocyanins that function as UV scavengers in plants. Conclusion It is thought that plants have acquired various photoreceptors necessary for their survival during a long evolutionary process. The photoreceptors that cover the existing far-red light to UVB mentioned here are considered to be some of them. More and more diverse photoreceptor genes are conserved in cyanobacteria and marine plankton. By examining these, it is thought that the understanding of plant photoreceptors will be further deepened.

D29. We're at the start of the fifth week of veg, and today, I finally topped the first girl. I should have done it a while back, but I couldn't decide how to train the girls. Due to how tall the first girl had become, I topped quite a bit of her. I left four nodes, applied LST and some minor defoliation, so now I have eight tops in an almost flat canopy. I'll top the second girl later this week before putting in the scrog net. I noticed how the second girl at the end of the day had drooping taco leaves, indicating that she is getting too much light. I raised the light and will observe tomorrow how she react. This strain seems sensitive to how much light it gets during veg, and I'm curious how it will react once we're in flower. ------------------------------ D31. The first girl has bounced back from her topping and is looking great. I will top the second girl in a day or two, but since she has greater internodal spacing, I will keep only six branches to have both girls at a similar height. ------------------------------ D32. I brewed up a quick compost tea using oat flour as the food source. Some people claim that that will result in a fungally dominant tea, so I thought I'd try it out. I also added humic acid and a teaspoon of myco because why not? Honestly, I'm not sure it is even possible to create a fungally dominant AACT, as the constant water movement will most likely tear the fungal hyphae apart as they form. In any case, a different food source should promote other bacteria than the molasses I usually use. Diversity is the name of the game in living soil. Well, in life in general. I gave each girl 2 liters (5% of container volume) of tea @ pH 6.1. ------------------------------ D33. Today, I topped the second girl. At first, I tried to keep four nodes, but her internodal spacing was much larger than the first girl, so I had to cut her down to three nodes. Some LST followed the topping to start shaping that flat canopy. She looked pretty scraggly afterward but had perked up a few hours later. ------------------------------ D35. We're on the last day in the first week of flower. All is well in the tent, and the second girl has bounced back from her topping. I'll let them veg for another week or so and then flip them. I bought a mushroom grow kit to keep in the tent. I figured I'd test it out and see how it works. The mushrooms produce CO2 that the plants love, and hopefully, I'll get some tasty Oyster mushrooms to eat — two birds with one stone and all that. Yesterday, I gave the girls around 1 liter each of water @ pH6.0, with EM-1 added at 20ml/l, and today the girls got some fulvic foliar spray just before lights out. ------------------------------

week 9 was a good week I watch my pollen sacks grow into beautiful pods cant wait to use it plant doing pretty good health and strong

Mandarin Squeeze smells amazing if you love oranges. The girls grew great. One took dominance as I expected in the grow. I hope it tastes as good as it smells. It would be my new favorite indica strain. I will be back with a smoke report in a few months. Thanks again Terpyz Mutant Genetics, and Spider Farmer. 🤜🏻🤛🏻🌱🌱🌱 Thank you grow diaries community for the 👇likes👇, follows, comments, and subscriptions on my YouTube channel👇. Thank you Happy Growing 🌱🌱🌱 https://youtube.com/channel/UCAhN7yRzWLpcaRHhMIQ7X4g

420 Fastbuds Week 1 Gorilla Cookies Auto These girls are growing amazing. For the first week of veg they look great. Drip system is working good keeping the soil moist. Looking forward to the weeks to come. All in all Happy Growing

Final week! I am starting the flush process at week 8 so going to do quarter nuts for 2days then half then 1/3 and then finish with 2-3 days water Tricombs where about 75% milk rest where clear maybe a few random turning amber She really must have put on weigh this last week because she is sagging hard now!

Nice small leaves, one more week and I'll give her roots more space to grow in a new roots. Decided also not to top her, will leave her natural to check the main cola.

The buds shine like a shooting star mad sticky too⭐️ First thing that hits me with the smell straight up like canned pineapples in syrup🤤🍍

Week 7 7/25-31 AUTO Pablo Escobar 7/25 2gal TPS1 30ml Cal mag 5ml Recharge 5ml Kelp 2 tbsp PH 6.3 PPM 1010 Temp 73 7/28 2gal TPS1 45ml Cal mag 5ml Recharge 5ml Kelp 80ml PH 5.7 PPM 1210 Temp 72 Auto Escobar bounced back nicely from last week's defoliation. Escobar's opening her structure to open the lower inner branches made her really wide. Bumping Thank you @DivineSeeds for the opportunity to participate in not only the photo contest but also the auto grow contest. Thanks for the visits, likes and comments; I appreciate all the plant love💚. Have fun & love what you grow 💚 Sending you good vibes of love, light, and healing 💫 💫Natrona 💫

Iniziò di un bel profumo per ambiente! Inizia la fioritura

Today two of the plants going to stay one week without water. I cut them all leaves and we waiting for harvest. This is my first grow and now when i see those flowers i'm really dissapointed that auto they are so small. Xd Anyway better then nothing. The smell is really strong,can't wait to taste them

06.06.23 Tag 44 Pflanze konzentriert sich nun auf die Blüte. Nun heißt es einfach gießen und warten. :) - Trichome überall auch auf Fächerblättern und sogar dem Stengel. Die Finger kleben sofort beim LST UND WIE GEIL DIE DAME EINFACH RIECHT ich kann es kaum beschreiben - irgendwie bildet die Dame nur Blätter mit 3 Fingern, ganz, ganz wenige mit 5

The end of the fourth week. Only 2,5 to 3 weeks to go, since this is the FAST version of Gelato 33 by Advanced seeds. Last week temps were better, so that was a lot better to manage. The smell is a different story. We are trying to combat it as we speak with a double filter which my friend still had from a previous grow. The ladies are performing, however, because this is a monstercrop with many budsites, none of them will be very big. We anticipate a lot of cutting come harvest time. The stickieness and smell (cookies, dough, herbs, spices, gingerbread, vanilla) promise a lot to make up for that hopefully!! The middle plant that seemed to go fastest, now looks like to have the hardest time flowering. Her more advanced stage of flowering as a bigger clone, made it harder for her to return to veg, which she never really did. This seems to make her want to rush to the finish, as she is already browning the pistils. Also these buds seem more flakey, popcorny. As if the many flowers and grapelike bundled growth was too much for her. I put the light a little closer, to help her fatten up in the time she is given. I never expected the two 'runts' to outperform the mighty middle clone, but hey seem to fatten up and age much more nicely. So for now, prelimenary tip: make sure all your plants are completely revegged before flowering and consider that faster flowering species might have some ruderalis ancestry that might siderail all your lighting intentions and remains in flower what ever the growers lighting schedule. So with at least two more weeks for the two outer plants, and well see how many for the middle one, we are going to make them as comfortable as possible the final push of this flowering. Thank you for following and see you next week!!

49 day, beuty

Layla was my pride and joy. First plant of the year put her outside. She grew wildly beyond my expectations pushing 12 ft tall before just beginning to flower. I was so proud.... A violent storm came and broker her in half. She is likely dead now as i wasn't home and it happened with the plant broken for at least 12 hours before i tried to fix it... I tried to re set her in the exact same spot and use a splint and duck tape to secure it along with multiple ties. Its only been a day but the leaves are all looking wilted and dying....

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Immer noch keinen Dünger, nur die gute Erde .... Die Speed Queen steht ja experimentell in einer kalten Garage mit einer SkinnyHeat Heizmatte von Romberg unter dem Growzelt. Sehr hohe Luftfeuchte im Zelt - Ich hoffe auf die stabile Genetik von Mandala Seeds ....

Strain: Fast Buds – Mixed Photoperiod Trio Grow Type: Indoor Pot Size: 3 Gallon (x3 plants) Medium: Peat Moss & Perlite Nutrient Line: Athena Week 4 Update These three are really taking off now, strong growth, wide leaves, and the kind of energy you love to see right before flip. Each plant’s growing a little different, but they’re all healthy and filling out fast. The canopies are thick, branches stretching nicely, and they’ve handled their feedings perfectly all week. I’ll be flipping them to flower now that they’ve hit that sweet spot in size and shape. Things are looking good can’t wait to see them start stacking soon. Feeding 1.7 L Athena nutrient mix per plant (will increase gradually if needed). Indoor Climate Conditions Temperature: 18–23°C Humidity: 60–65% VPD: ~0.5–0.8 kPa See y’all next week! And don’t forget to use my discount code ISLANDT for 15% off your next order at Fast Buds!