Hey fellow green thumbs! 🌿💚 The day has finally come—our Auto Northern Dragon Fuel from Super Sativa Seed Club has been harvested! After an exciting journey, we’re thrilled to share the details of this incredible plant’s final stage. Let’s dive into the harvest report! 🌟 Harvest Details: Day 75: Harvest Day • Harvest Date: Day 75 • Harvest Method: Our beautiful Auto Northern Dragon Fuel was harvested yesterday. After weeks of careful nurturing, the time was right to bring in this amazing plant. 🌿🌼 • Preparation: Before hanging, we meticulously cleaned the plant, removing all leaves without trichomes to ensure a smooth drying process and to enhance the quality of the final product. 🌿✂️ Current Drying Process: • Method: The entire plant is now hanging upside down to dry. This method helps maintain moisture levels within the buds, allowing for a slower and more even drying process. 🌿🔄 • Environment: • Temperature: 18-22°C (65-72°F) • Humidity: 50-60% Maintaining these conditions is crucial for achieving a perfect dry and preserving the plant’s aromatic and flavorful profile. 🌡️💧 🌟 Plant and Bud Characteristics: Auto Northern Dragon Fuel: • Bud Structure: Dense and sticky, with an impressive trichome coverage. The buds are beautifully formed, showcasing the robust genetics of this strain. • Aroma: Even in the drying phase, the rich and potent aroma is unmistakable. Expect a delightful scent that hints at the powerful experience to come. • Trichomes: A thick layer of trichomes covers the buds, promising a potent final product with a great flavor profile. 🌿✨ 🌟 Care Tips: • Drying Process: Patience is key. Allowing the plant to dry slowly will enhance the final quality, preserving both flavor and potency. Ensure good airflow around the hanging plant to prevent mold and mildew. 🌬️💧 • Trimming: Once the drying process is complete (typically 10-14 days), it will be time to trim the buds. This is where we’ll shape the final product and get it ready for curing. ✂️🌿 • Curing: After trimming, curing the buds in jars for at least 2-4 weeks will further enhance the flavor and smoothness. This final step is essential for achieving the best possible smoking experience. 🍁 🌟 Genetics Spotlight: Auto Northern Dragon Fuel: • Characteristics: Known for its robust structure and dense buds, this strain has shown remarkable resilience and impressive bud development throughout the grow. The final product promises to be potent and flavorful, thanks to the thick trichome coverage and rich aroma. • Harvest Expectations: High-quality buds with a strong aroma and potent effects. The slow drying process will ensure the best possible preservation of cannabinoids and terpenes. 🌍🌿 Fun Fact: Did you know? 🌿✨ Drying the entire plant slowly helps retain more terpenes, which are responsible for the plant’s aroma and flavor. This method also helps preserve the potency and quality of the buds, resulting in a smoother and more enjoyable experience. For all the in-depth action and detailed explanations, head over to my YouTube channel! 🎥✨ I’m sharing all the tips, tricks, and step-by-step guides to help you get the best results from your grow. This week’s harvest has been particularly exciting, and there’s so much more to explore and learn together! 👉 Join me on YouTube Link in my profile 👈 🌟 Conclusion: Harvesting Auto Northern Dragon Fuel at Day 75 has been a rewarding experience. With the plant now drying, we’re eagerly awaiting the final product. Stay tuned for updates on the drying, trimming, and curing process, and get ready for a high-quality harvest! Happy growing, and see you next time! 🌿💚✨ #SuperSativaSeedClub #HarvestReport #NorthernDragonFuel #PlantMagic #GardeningJoy #NatureLovers #PlantPower #InspireGrow #YouTubeJourney

Mar 20, - These plants are putting on a show, about how to fill a Bud. The Maui Wowie are stuffing the buds into hard little nuggets. First-time I have seen true Nuggets indoors. Week 9 is going to be fun. - White Pistils have begun to turn Brown/Amber and are getting “crinkly”. - not to mention sticky as hell - final Flower meal (Sunday) posted above = 8L - TDS = 1125ppm for the final feeding. Mar 22nd - some fresh air for a few Pictures in Daylight and a thorough Flushing; 15 gal pot w/ 2 plants and it took 35 gallons of prepared h20 to get the TDS below 130ppm - Drip-dry in the Sun for a couple of hours then back inside before any insects find us. Early spring warmth here in southern Ontario. Mar 24 - it’s an amazing plant with the canopy looking like it’s full of Buttons. But in reality each of these buds are getting Longer every day, all at the same time. Harvest will be a real Surprise. I’ve not been poking around too much, these girls have simply run their course without needing any Help ! Great work Beaver Seeds!!! When the time comes, I look forward to seeing what an Outdoor one produces. And how the plants would look without 1 aggressive LST session. - Trichome-check tonight = large number of cloudy, with very few Amber. Still some clear with ~ 70% cloudy 26th, - A gallon of Molasses / Rezin / H20 tonight to keep the juices flowing. Plant rotation etc. Day 5 since flush. Fluff the plants and arrange for Max exposure for the final couple of weeks. No A/C in the small tent, humidity is just over 50%. Air is being kept moving

Thursday 08/07/21 So it's the beginning of week 4! Day 29 from seed and look at her go!!! The topping, training & Fimming went great and she's really starting to push back on her restraints! I have removed the older fan leaves (which is where i saw the suspected Cal-Mag issue) to make way for her new growth & this morning she has had her very first feed! Now because of what happened to my Cherry Gar See Ya girl (I burnt the S#*t out of her!) I've gone in at less than a 1/4 dose! So 0.5 ml of Silicon, Root Juice, Root It First Feed & BioBizz Grow in 3L of water & for the Cal mag I went in at 0.5ml per litre I only gave her 1 litre of this mix rather than then entire 3L as she was still damp from her previous watering. I know I need to let her root zone dry out a bit but I also wanted to get a bit of Cal-Mag & nutrients into her as well with her being a month old already and after seeing those issues on the older fan leaves Anyway in the next few days I'm hoping to see a nice little growth spurt and fingers crossed she starts drinking a bit faster too!! Hopefully no more issues!!! 🤞 Day 31 - 10/07/21 - it's been a few days since her first weak feed and just like I hoped she has enjoyed it and had a little growth spurt! I'm having to train her constantly to get light to all the tops I want but it's great to see her doing so well!! Also the suspected Cal-Mag deficiency hasn't returned since her first little feed so even better! 😁👊👊👊 Day 32 and she was getting quite dry so time for another feed!!! 😁 Made another 3L mix & gone in at 0.5ml per litre with the silicon, grow, root juice, Root it first feed & Cal-Mag, she drank about 1.5-2L before there was runoff and I've also given her another good trim to get light to those tops. There will be 16-19 👊 depending on if a few of the small ones catch up She's looking absolutely great so far and she seems a pretty hardy plant so hopefully she likes this feed as much as the last 1! 🤞 Day 33 & she's still looking great!!! No sign of nute burn what so ever slowly but surely I will get her on full dose 😁 Going to have to get some flowering nutrients soon plus a few other bits Peace out ✌️

Week 17/1 - 23/1

Fast grow from day 7 till today day 14. I have added a humidifier to help get my RH up cause it was too low. It is still not as good as i would like, but its okay. I started doing some LST and leaf tucking on Day 12 on the biggest plants and those i felt like could benefit from it. Today i lowered my lights so now my MH 600w light is down to 50cm from the canopy and the LED is at 45cm. I also bought a Lux meter (Urceri Cloc – Lux Meter) to measure but im really confused about it after it showed that the LED puts out way more Lux than the 600MH but its supposed to be better at measuring HID light and not catch all the light from the full spectrum LED but still the LED seems to work better. You can judge yourself with the video ill post with this update. The 2 biggest plants is under the 600W bulb though, so there is alot to take in count at this moment. Also i removed one more plant, so now the total is 16 plants and i will continue experimint with the height of the lamps. I would love some feedback 😎 Day 15: I took both lights up to 64cm.. Changed the MH bulb to a Full spectrum Bulb which gives more light to my girls Day 20: posted new pictures, its going good until now, i just wish they were a little bigger but i have many different phenotypes it seems. When they go into flower i may add 400w more hps, but only if they will get big enough

💩Holy Crap We Are Back At It And Loving It💩 Growmies we are at DAY 35 and she's just killing💀it👌 👉Added straws within the Tiny pot to help watering in week 4 👈 So I'm starting to see she needs watering every single day and now need nutrients 🙃 Lights being readjusted and chart updated .........👍rain water to be used entire growth👈 👉I used NutriNPK for nutrients for my grows and welcome anyone to give them a try .👈 👉 www.nutrinpk.com 👈 NutriNPK Cal MAG 14-0-14 NutriNPK Grow 28-14-14 NutriNPK Bloom 8-20-30 NutriNPK Bloom Booster 0-52-34 I GOT MULTIPLE DIARIES ON THE GO 😱 please check them out 😎 👉THANKS FOR TAKING THE TIME TO GO OVER MY DIARIES 👈

H2O Algas Enzimas

•••••••••••••••••••••••••• Sept. 28 - Oct. 4 •••••••••••••••••••••••••• CULTIVARS: •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• WEDDING CAKE: STARTED = 8/10 • BLOOM = 10/1 RED HOT COOKIES: STARTED = 8/10 • BLOOM = 10/1 CHOCOLATE MINT OG: STARTED = 8/10 • BLOOM = 10/1 WILDBERRY: STARTED = 8/10 • BLOOM = 10/1 CINDERELLA 99: STARTED = 8/10 • BLOOM = 10/1 PEYOTE WIFI: STARTED = 8/10 • BLOOM = 10/1 SUGAR TITS: STARTED = 8/10 • BLOOM = 10/1 MONSTER ZKITTLEZ: STARTED = 8/10 BLUEBERRY: STARTED = 8/10 • BLOOM = 10/1 BLUE DREAM: STARTED = 8/10 • BLOOM = 10/1 HELL'S ANGEL OG X PLATINUM KUSH MINTS: STARTED = 8/10 • BLOOM = 10/1 COTTON CANDY CANE: STARTED = 9/5 • BLOOM = 10/1 •••• EXTENDED VEGETATIVE PERIOD •••• MELON GUM: STARTED = 8/10 GREEN GELATO: STARTED = 8/10 FRENCH COOKIES: STARTED = 8/10 SOUR LEMONAID: STARTED = 8/10 LSD: STARTED = 8/10 GORILLA x COOKIES: STARTED = 8/23 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• WEEKLY SUMMARY: •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 🙋‍♀️Fo' Twenny here!🙋‍♀️ Back with another update on the viewer selected multi strain SOG. If you're just joining us, we have these photo-dependant ladies vegging in our 48"x 24" VIVOSUN tent. I have been doing a lot of heavy defoliation and pruning the past week. I also made a few upgrades in the bloom tent and moved a few of the cultivars into bloom under 12/12. Also, I realized my BlueLab Conductivity Meter has the option to switch to EC. Since EC is the most accurate way to measure the nutrient concentration in a solution, I will now be measuring and reporting EC readings rather than PPM. I am honestly super stoked about every single plant in this run. That said, I think I am probably most impressed by the 🍭🎅🏻 COTTON CANDY CANE lady from Emerald Triangle Seeds. She is incredibly vigorous. She was started nearly a month after all the others (except the 🦍🍪 GORILLA x COOKIES) and has already caught up to some of the taller plants in the run. Special thanks to those guys for sending the freebies for me to try out! Definitely want to try more from this breeder! She is almost a month behind the other plants and is almost as tall as the tallest cultivars started on 8/10. All in all, everything looks great. Any advice, suggestions, or constructive criticisms are always welcome. Now, for the weekly break down! •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• THIS WEEK'S BREAK DOWN •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 9/30 - Day 52 for Majority of the Garden - 🍭🎅🏻 COTTON CANDY CANE: Day 26 - 🦍🍪 GORILLA x COOKIES: Day 39 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°° 🎥 FILMING DAY! 🎥 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 10/1 - Day 53/Day1 of Bloom for Majority of the Garden - 🍭🎅🏻 COTTON CANDY CANE: Day 27/Day of Bloom - 🦍🍪 GORILLA x COOKIES: Day 40 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°° 📸 PHOTOSHOOT! 📸 🎥 FILMING DAY! 🎥 👩‍💻 UPGRAYED! 👩‍💻 - Added a BOTANICARE 48" x 48" low-tide flood tray on top of six 4" tall cinder-blocks with a low-profile motorcycle oil-pan for the water to drain into beneath the flood tray. - I transplanted eleven cultivars into black 12" tall Active Aqua brand 12" x 12" square pots and inserted 3' fiberglass garden stakes into the center of the rootball near the main stem of each plant. Each stake goes to the bottom of the 12" pot. All transplants have nice solid root balls due to being slightly rootbound. I knew I'd likely run short on premixed soil, so I decided to transplant the largest plants first. Of course, I ran out of soil after 11 plants were transplanted. It seems like I used a lot more soil than usual with this method and in tgese pots. - I mixed a new batch of soil using the same recipe. I will give the five smallest gorls a few more days to grow taller. That will give this batch of soil a little time to innoculate. - I moved the 11 transplants into the 96" x 48"bloom tent under 12/12 lighting schedule. 🚿FEED DAY!🚿 She received approximately 1 gallon of solution. I mixed 12 gallons of solution for all the plants I have in flower. 1 gallon of that was then measured and fed to this cultivar. 👩‍🔬NUTRIENT SOLUTION👩‍🔬 ⬇️Mixing Rundown⬇️ The solution starts with 12 gal tap H2O through two kdf filters mixed in a 36 gallon reservoir. The solution is applied via wand sprayer powered by a submersible pump attached to a garden hose. Nutrients and additives are added to the reservoir in the order listed below and thoroughly mixed uding a plastic stir spoon. The reservoir is oxygenated by four 4 inch air stones. Start pH: 7.8 Start EC 1.0 TEMP: 74°F 4 ml/gal - Blue Planet Gold Shield Silica Supplement .5 tsp/gal - Fox Farm Gringo Rasta Cal-Mag 3 tsp/gal - Fox Farm Big Bloom 1.5 tsp/gal - Fox Farm Grow BIG .5 tsp/gal - Fox Farm Boomerang .25 tsp/gal - Fox Farm Wholly Mackerel .25 tsp/gal - Fox Farm Kelp Me Kelp You .0625 tsp/gal - Fox Farm Open Sesame pH: 6.3 EC: 2.8 Our target pH is in the range of 6.0- 6.6 prior to adding any microbial innocclants. pH already in range, no adjustments needed. 1 tsp/gal - Grower's Choice Recharge .6 ml/gal - Mammoth P. .5 tsp/gal - Fox Farm Kangaroots 1 tsp/gal - Azos pH: 6.4 EC: 3 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• SUPPLIES & EQUIPMENT CURRENTLY IN USE: •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• • A/C: Whynter ARC-14S 14,000 BTU Dual Hose Portable Air Conditioner • TENT: VIVOSUN 48"x24"x60" Mylar Hydroponic Grow Tent with Observation Window & Floor Tray • POTS: Black 8"tall Active Aqua brand 6" x 6" one gallon square pots/Black 12" tall Active Aqua brand12" x 12" 3.4 gallon square pots • VEG/AUTOFLOWER INTAKE FAN: None (PASSIVE) • VEG/AUTOFLOWER EXHAUST FAN : VIVOSUN 6 Inch 390 CFM Inline Duct Fan with Variable Speed Controller • BLOOM INTAKE FAN: VIVOSUN 6 Inch 390 CFM Inline Duct Fan with Variable Speed Controller VEG/AUTOFLOWER EXHAUST FAN : VIVOSUN 6 Inch 390 CFM Inline Duct Fan with Variable Speed Controller • BLOOM EXHAUST FAN: AC Infinity CLOUDLINE T8, Quiet 8” Inline Duct Fan with Temperature Humidity Controller - Ventilation Exhaust Fan • AIR MOVEMENT: 6-Inch Lasko FBA 2004W 2-Speed Clip Fan • Bluelab PENPH pH Pen Fully Waterproof Pocket Tester • Bluelab PENCON Conductivity Pen Fully Waterproof Pocket Tester • Kolder Multi-Purpose Liquid and Dry Measuring Cup, 16-Ounce • Fox Farm Measuring Spoons • WATER TREATMENT: Tap H2O run through two AQUACREST Garden Hose Water Filters to remove chlorine and chloramine. – COMING SOON: Hydro-Logic 31023 1000-GPD Evolution RO1000 High Flow RO System, White (HL31023). • WATER APPLICATION: I use 2 different watering systems. The pump sprayer is typically used in early veg, between feeds, or for lighter feeds. Most feeds are usually run through the pump and reservoir because it's faster and easier when dealing with larger volume feeds. – 2 GALLON LAWN & GARDEN PUMP PRESURE SPRAYER. * I removed the spray head due to clogs and it's just faster. – Superior Pump 91250 Utility Pump, 1/4 HP in a heavy duty 27 gallon Tote attatched to a 10 foot garden hose to an Orbit Underground 56246 Green Thumb 9-Pattern Telescoping Wand. – Aeration of the reservoir is accomplished using a General Hydroponics HGC728040 Dual Diaphragm Air Pump 320 GPH 4 Outlet attached with standard aquarium air hose to four 4-Inch Air Stone Disc Bubble Diffusers. • VEG/AUTOFLOWER LIGHTING: 320w MosterBoard V4-PLUS powered by a MEANWELL 320H-48AB DRIVER. There are three V4-PLUS boards prewired and mounted on a 935x195x10mm black heatsink. Dimmer, UV Switch, and IR Switch included. Each board contains two hundred fifty two 3000k lm301h diodes + twelve Osram 660nm diodes plus 4 separately switchable LG UV 395nm diodes and 4 separately switchable Osram IR 730nm diodes. • BLOOM LIGHTING: Two custom mounted lighting units: Each mount has one 480w MEANWELL 480H-48B driver and one 240w MEANWELL 240H-48AB powering 6 KingBright Quantum Boards. Each board contains two hundred fifty two 3500k lm301h diodes + twelve CREE XP-E2 660nm diodes plus four separately switchable CREE XP-E2 730nm diodes and four LG UV 395nm diodes. Hanging between the two mounts are two additional quantum boards with two hundred fifty two 3000k lm301h diodes + twelve 660nm diodes plus four constant power 730nm IR diodes and four 395nm UV diodes. That's a total of 1680 watts of quantum board power in our 96" x 48" bloom tent. ⚠️ ALL DRIVERS MOUNTED REMOTELY IN AN AIR COOLED BOX INSTALLED BETWEEN THE FILTER AND EXHAUST FAN ⚠️ • SLMOTO Universal Oil Drain Pan, 2 Gallon (8 Liter) Capacity ABS Low Profile Oil Drain Pan w/Spout Fit for Motorcycles • Modified Botanicare Low Tide LT Black Tray - 4' x 4' - Modification: Cutaway at corners and used flex-seal tape to create a new edge that will be soft to fit between tent supports. She is supported by 6 Standard Cored Concrete Blocks (Common: 4-in x 8-in x 16-in; Actual: 3.625-in x 7.625-in x 15.625-in). ⚠️THIS TRAY WILL NOT FIT BETWEEN SUPPORTS IN A 48" x 48" or 48" x 96" TENT WITHOUT MAKING MODIFICATIONS TO THE TRAY!⚠️ • Blue Sticky Pads • Yellow Sticky Pads •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• SOIL MIX DETAILS: •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• All components were mixed into a 50 gallon tote that is kept in a warm environment to help innocculate to promote a vast and diverse microbial life in the rhizosphere. Once mixed, add 32-64oz water once every 7-14 days as needed. The goal is to keep the soil moisten without oversaturating. 2 Part - Royal Gold Tupur INGREDIENTS: Coco fiber, aged forest materials, perlite, and basalt 1 Part - Fox Farms Ocean Forest INGREDIENTS: Aged forest products, sphagnum peat moss, earthworm castings, bat guano, fish emulsion, and crab meal. 1 Part - Roots Organics INGREDIENTS: Perlite, Coco Fiber, Peat Moss, Composted Forest Material, Pumice, Worm Castings, Bat Guano, Soybean Meal, Alfalfa Meal, Fishbone Meal, Kelp Meal, and Greensand. Also contains beneficial mycorrhizal fungi: Funneliformis mosseae, Rhizophagus intraradices, Septoglomus desertícola .5 Part - Wiggle Worm Soil Builder Pure Earthworm Castings .5 Part - Ancient Forest Humus .5 Part - Coarse Grade Perlite Inocculated by mixing 1 cup of Extreme Gardening Mycos Watered with pH 6.5 h2O 1 Tsp/gal Real Grower's Recharge 1 tsp/gal Hi-Brix Molasses 2 tsp/gal Fox Farms Kangaroots •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Want to see more cultivars I have growing❓ Please, be sure to check out my other diaries & give me a follow! 👍👍 🙏Thank you for stopping by my garden!🙏 Peace, ☮️✌️ Love, 💚🤟 & Frosty Nugs! ❄️🌲 Happy farmin' my friends! ☺️🌱 - Fo' Twenny 👩‍🌾🏻

She's doing real good 👌🏻 Getting frostier everyday and really starting to smell. Proper bushy thing I'm debating wether to give her a big trim or not 🤔 Cut the terra bloom down and added athe shogun PK warrior. Again, apologies for the lack of pics this week. Can't wait to watch her fatten up these next few week 😁

Frostbanger Plants 1-6 First thank you if you actually look at all these pictures that I photobomb with each week. Documenting six plants on a tester strain to provide ample information regarding the new strain characteristics takes a lot of time, work, and effort. I am so frustrated with Grow Diaries system doesn’t load pics or videos without error. When I load pictures, I am systematic and load every picture on that plant together, each video that I load first on the pictures identifies the plant pictures that follows. However, Grow Diaries puts the videos first, moving the picture out of order. I know which pictures of plant parts go with each plant, but with GD shuffling my pictures around good luck everybody else. This week I had so many errors uploading simple pictures that I had to go back and reload them. You may see multiple duplicate pics this time due to these system errors. Sorry about that but at least they are there. I will not do this level of photographs and diary support again. Week 11 June 1-7 FLOWER 6 Nutrients : 3 gal GH Micro 7,5ml GH Gro 0ml GH Bloom 23ml CalMag 7.5 ml Elm Bloom 15ml 6/1 PH 6.62 PPM 646, temp 67 2 ltr each 6/3 PH 6.6, PPM 493, temp 68 2ltr each 6/5 PH 5,84, PPM 580, temp 68.5 2ltr 6/3 Defoliation 6/4 weekly pics & vid As aways, thanks for visiting, for the likes and most of all growers’ love and support because I surely haven’t gotten any from @Fast_Buds on this grow. Stay green, growers love 💚🌿my friends. 💫Natrona💫

Variedad con una floración corta, entre 8/9 semanas. Procedente del original Exodus Clon (UK). Predominancia indica con un nivel de thc superior al 16% . Es muy fácil de cultivar y la alimentación la acepta muy bien en general . Cada etapa cumplió con mis expectativas y por ello aparte del sabor el colocon ... en cuanto a todas sus etapas le doy 9/10 . CEPA BRUTAL enserio.

18.12 Buds start to become some darlker colours, am really excited how they will develop the next weeks. This week I start to add Canna PK fertilizer.

This week I’ve jus had em on ph ‘d water no nutes yet other than a little root stim, it was a busy time fo me this week do not been able to get in the grow room and give these girls the attention they need .

Avanzan la semanas de floración y esto se pone cada vez mejor, las flores han ido cogiendo volumen y repletandose de tricomas que huelen genial.

Continued feeding plant with each watering of 2 litres every 3/4 days. The flowers are fattening up nicely, into some bigish colas, meaning harvest isn't too far away. Removed some dieing leaves from bottom of the plant. Almost time to stop feeding and start the flushing process.

Im not typing, I made you a video

Yellow butterfly came to see me the other day; that was nice. Starting to show signs of stress on the odd leaf, localized isolated blips, blemishes, who said growing up was going to be easy! Smaller leaves have less surface area for stomata to occupy, so the stomata are packed more densely to maintain adequate gas exchange. Smaller leaves might have higher stomatal density to compensate for their smaller size, potentially maximizing carbon uptake and minimizing water loss. Environmental conditions like light intensity and water availability can influence stomatal density, and these factors can affect leaf size as well. Leaf development involves cell division and expansion, and stomatal differentiation is sensitive to these processes. In essence, the smaller leaf size can lead to a higher stomatal density due to the constraints of available space and the need to optimize gas exchange for photosynthesis and transpiration. In the long term, UV-B radiation can lead to more complex changes in stomatal morphology, including effects on both stomatal density and size, potentially impacting carbon sequestration and water use. In essence, UV-B can be a double-edged sword for stomata: It can induce stomatal closure and potentially reduce stomatal size, but it may also trigger an increase in stomatal density as a compensatory mechanism. It is generally more efficient for gas exchange to have smaller leaves with a higher stomatal density, rather than large leaves with lower stomatal density. This is because smaller stomata can facilitate faster gas exchange due to shorter diffusion pathways, even though they may have the same total pore area as fewer, larger stomata. Leaf size tends to decrease in colder climates to reduce heat loss, while larger leaves are more common in warmer, humid environments. Plants in arid regions often develop smaller leaves with a thicker cuticle and/or hairs to minimize water loss through transpiration. Conversely, plants in wet environments may have larger leaves and drip tips to facilitate water runoff. Leaf size and shape can vary based on light availability. For example, leaves in shaded areas may be larger and thinner to maximize light absorption. Leaf mass per area (LMA) can be higher in stressful environments with limited nutrients, indicating a greater investment in structural components for protection and critical resource conservation. Wind speed, humidity, and soil conditions can also influence leaf morphology, leading to variations in leaf shape, size, and surface characteristics. Small leaves: Reduce water loss in arid or cold climates. Large leaves: Maximize light capture in sunny, humid environments. Hairy leaves: Reduce water loss and protect against excessive sunlight. Lobed leaves: May enhance hydraulic conductivity and cooling. Drip tips: Facilitate water drainage from leaves in wet environments. Thick, waxy leaves: Reduce water loss in dry conditions. Environmental conditions significantly affect gene expression in plants. Plants are sessile organisms, meaning they cannot move to escape unfavorable conditions, so they rely on gene expression to adapt to their surroundings. Environmental factors like light, temperature, water, and nutrient availability can trigger changes in gene expression, allowing plants to respond to and survive in diverse environments. Depending on the environment a young seedling encounters, the developmental program following seed germination could be skotomorphogenesis in the dark or photomorphogenesis in the light. Light signals are interpreted by a repertoire of photoreceptors followed by sophisticated gene expression networks, eventually resulting in developmental changes. The expression and functions of photoreceptors and key signaling molecules are highly coordinated and regulated at multiple levels of the central dogma in molecular biology. Light activates gene expression through the actions of positive transcriptional regulators and the relaxation of chromatin by histone acetylation. Small regulatory RNAs help attenuate the expression of light-responsive genes. Alternative splicing, protein phosphorylation/dephosphorylation, the formation of diverse transcriptional complexes, and selective protein degradation all contribute to proteome diversity and change the functions of individual proteins. Photomorphogenesis, the light-driven developmental changes in plants, significantly impacts gene expression. It involves a cascade of events where light signals, perceived by photoreceptors, trigger changes in gene expression patterns, ultimately leading to the development of a plant in response to its light environment. Genes are expressed, not dictated! While having the potential to encode proteins, genes are not automatically and constantly active. Instead, their expression (the process of turning them into proteins) is carefully regulated by the cell, responding to internal and external signals. This means that genes can be "turned on" or "turned off," and the level of expression can be adjusted, depending on the cell's needs and the surrounding environment. In plants, genes are not simply "on" or "off" but rather their expression is carefully regulated based on various factors, including the cell type, developmental stage, and environmental conditions. This means that while all cells in a plant contain the same genetic information (the same genes), different cells will express different subsets of those genes at different times. This regulation is crucial for the proper functioning and development of the plant. Thoughts, words, actions.