day 29,first day of week 5. 25/09/25 last 3 photos-28/08/25

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Yellow butterfly came to see me the other day; that was nice. Starting to show signs of stress on the odd leaf, localized isolated blips, blemishes, who said growing up was going to be easy! Smaller leaves have less surface area for stomata to occupy, so the stomata are packed more densely to maintain adequate gas exchange. Smaller leaves might have higher stomatal density to compensate for their smaller size, potentially maximizing carbon uptake and minimizing water loss. Environmental conditions like light intensity and water availability can influence stomatal density, and these factors can affect leaf size as well. Leaf development involves cell division and expansion, and stomatal differentiation is sensitive to these processes. In essence, the smaller leaf size can lead to a higher stomatal density due to the constraints of available space and the need to optimize gas exchange for photosynthesis and transpiration. In the long term, UV-B radiation can lead to more complex changes in stomatal morphology, including effects on both stomatal density and size, potentially impacting carbon sequestration and water use. In essence, UV-B can be a double-edged sword for stomata: It can induce stomatal closure and potentially reduce stomatal size, but it may also trigger an increase in stomatal density as a compensatory mechanism. It is generally more efficient for gas exchange to have smaller leaves with a higher stomatal density, rather than large leaves with lower stomatal density. This is because smaller stomata can facilitate faster gas exchange due to shorter diffusion pathways, even though they may have the same total pore area as fewer, larger stomata. Leaf size tends to decrease in colder climates to reduce heat loss, while larger leaves are more common in warmer, humid environments. Plants in arid regions often develop smaller leaves with a thicker cuticle and/or hairs to minimize water loss through transpiration. Conversely, plants in wet environments may have larger leaves and drip tips to facilitate water runoff. Leaf size and shape can vary based on light availability. For example, leaves in shaded areas may be larger and thinner to maximize light absorption. Leaf mass per area (LMA) can be higher in stressful environments with limited nutrients, indicating a greater investment in structural components for protection and critical resource conservation. Wind speed, humidity, and soil conditions can also influence leaf morphology, leading to variations in leaf shape, size, and surface characteristics. Small leaves: Reduce water loss in arid or cold climates. Environmental conditions significantly affect gene expression in plants. Plants are sessile organisms, meaning they cannot move to escape unfavorable conditions, so they rely on gene expression to adapt to their surroundings. Environmental factors like light, temperature, water, and nutrient availability can trigger changes in gene expression, allowing plants to respond to and survive in diverse environments. Depending on the environment a young seedling encounters, the developmental program following seed germination could be skotomorphogenesis in the dark or photomorphogenesis in the light. Light signals are interpreted by a repertoire of photoreceptors followed by sophisticated gene expression networks, eventually resulting in developmental changes. The expression and functions of photoreceptors and key signaling molecules are highly coordinated and regulated at multiple levels of the central dogma in molecular biology. Light activates gene expression through the actions of positive transcriptional regulators and the relaxation of chromatin by histone acetylation. Small regulatory RNAs help attenuate the expression of light-responsive genes. Alternative splicing, protein phosphorylation/dephosphorylation, the formation of diverse transcriptional complexes, and selective protein degradation all contribute to proteome diversity and change the functions of individual proteins. Photomorphogenesis, the light-driven developmental changes in plants, significantly impacts gene expression. It involves a cascade of events where light signals, perceived by photoreceptors, trigger changes in gene expression patterns, ultimately leading to the development of a plant in response to its light environment. Genes are expressed, not dictated! While having the potential to encode proteins, genes are not automatically and constantly active. Instead, their expression (the process of turning them into proteins) is carefully regulated by the cell, responding to internal and external signals. This means that genes can be "turned on" or "turned off," and the level of expression can be adjusted, depending on the cell's needs and the surrounding environment. In plants, genes are not simply "on" or "off" but rather their expression is carefully regulated based on various factors, including the cell type, developmental stage, and environmental conditions. This means that while all cells in a plant contain the same genetic information (the same genes), different cells will express different subsets of those genes at different times. This regulation is crucial for the proper functioning and development of the plant. When a green plant is exposed to red light, much of the red light is absorbed, but some is also reflected back. The reflected red light, along with any blue light reflected from other parts of the plant, can be perceived by our eyes as purple. Carotenoids absorb light in blue-green region of the visible spectrum, complementing chlorophyll's absorption in the red region. They safeguard the photosynthetic machinery from excessive light by activating singlet oxygen, an oxidant formed during photosynthesis. Carotenoids also quench triplet chlorophyll, which can negatively affect photosynthesis, and scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can damage cellular proteins. Additionally, carotenoid derivatives signal plant development and responses to environmental cues. They serve as precursors for the biosynthesis of phytohormones such as abscisic acid () and strigolactones (SLs). These pigments are responsible for the orange, red, and yellow hues of fruits and vegetables, while acting as free scavengers to protect plants during photosynthesis. Singlet oxygen (¹O₂) is an electronically excited state of molecular oxygen (O₂). Singlet oxygen is produced as a byproduct during photosynthesis, primarily within the photosystem II (PSII) reaction center and light-harvesting antenna complex. This occurs when excess energy from excited chlorophyll molecules is transferred to molecular oxygen. While singlet oxygen can cause oxidative damage, plants have mechanisms to manage its production and mitigate its harmful effects. Singlet oxygen (¹O₂) is considered a reactive oxygen species (ROS). It's a form of oxygen with higher energy and reactivity compared to the more common triplet oxygen found in its ground state. Singlet oxygen is generated both in biological systems, such as during photosynthesis in plants, and in cellular processes, and through chemical and photochemical reactions. While singlet oxygen is a ROS, it's important to note that it differs from other ROS like superoxide (O₂⁻), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), and hydroxyl radicals (OH) in its formation, reactivity, and specific biological roles. Non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) protects plants from damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) by dissipating excess light energy as heat. This process reduces the overexcitation of photosynthetic pigments, which can lead to the production of ROS, thus mitigating the potential for photodamage. Zeaxanthin, a carotenoid pigment, plays a crucial role in photoprotection in plants by both enhancing non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS). In high-light conditions, zeaxanthin is synthesized from violaxanthin through the xanthophyll cycle, and this zeaxanthin then facilitates heat dissipation of excess light energy (NPQ) and quenches harmful ROS. The Issue of Singlet Oxygen!! ROS Formation: Blue light, with its higher energy photons, can promote the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), including singlet oxygen, within the plant. Potential Damage: High levels of ROS can damage cellular components, including proteins, lipids, and DNA, potentially impacting plant health and productivity. Balancing Act: A balanced spectrum of light, including both blue and red light, is crucial for mitigating the harmful effects of excessive blue light and promoting optimal plant growth and stress tolerance. The Importance of Red Light: Red light (especially far-red) can help to mitigate the negative effects of excessive blue light by: Balancing the Photoreceptor Response: Red light can influence the activity of photoreceptors like phytochrome, which are involved in regulating plant responses to different light wavelengths. Enhancing Antioxidant Production: Red and blue light can stimulate the production of antioxidants, which help to neutralize ROS and protect the plant from oxidative damage. Optimizing Photosynthesis: Red light is efficiently used in photosynthesis, and its combination with blue light can lead to increased photosynthetic efficiency and biomass production. In controlled environments like greenhouses and vertical farms, optimizing the ratio of blue and red light is a key strategy for promoting healthy plant growth and yield. Understanding the interplay between blue light signaling, ROS production, and antioxidant defense mechanisms can inform breeding programs and biotechnological interventions aimed at improving plant stress resistance. In summary, while blue light is essential for plant development and photosynthesis, it's crucial to balance it with other light wavelengths, particularly red light, to prevent excessive ROS formation and promote overall plant health. Oxidative damage in plants occurs when there's an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the plant's ability to neutralize them, leading to cellular damage. This imbalance, known as oxidative stress, can result from various environmental stressors, affecting plant growth, development, and overall productivity. Causes of Oxidative Damage: Abiotic stresses: These include extreme temperatures (heat and cold), drought, salinity, heavy metal toxicity, and excessive light. Biotic stresses: Pathogen attacks and insect infestations can also trigger oxidative stress. Metabolic processes: Normal cellular activities, particularly in chloroplasts, mitochondria, and peroxisomes, can generate ROS as byproducts. Certain chlorophyll biosynthesis intermediates can produce singlet oxygen (1O2), a potent ROS, leading to oxidative damage. ROS can damage lipids (lipid peroxidation), proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids (DNA). Oxidative stress can compromise the integrity of cell membranes, affecting their function and permeability. Oxidative damage can interfere with essential cellular functions, including photosynthesis, respiration, and signal transduction. In severe cases, oxidative stress can trigger programmed cell death (apoptosis). Oxidative damage can lead to stunted growth, reduced biomass, and lower crop yields. Plants have evolved intricate antioxidant defense systems to counteract oxidative stress. These include: Enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and various peroxidases scavenge ROS and neutralize their damaging effects. Antioxidant molecules like glutathione, ascorbic acid (vitamin C), C60 fullerene, and carotenoids directly neutralize ROS. Developing plant varieties with gene expression focused on enhanced antioxidant capacity and stress tolerance is crucial. Optimizing irrigation, fertilization, and other management practices can help minimize stress and oxidative damage. Applying antioxidant compounds or elicitors can help plants cope with oxidative stress. Introducing genes for enhanced antioxidant enzymes or stress-related proteins over generations. Phytohormones, also known as plant hormones, are a group of naturally occurring organic compounds that regulate plant growth, development, and various physiological processes. The five major classes of phytohormones are: auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, ethylene, and abscisic acid. In addition to these, other phytohormones like brassinosteroids, jasmonates, and salicylates also play significant roles. Here's a breakdown of the key phytohormones: Auxins: Primarily involved in cell elongation, root initiation, and apical dominance. Gibberellins: Promote stem elongation, seed germination, and flowering. Cytokinins: Stimulate cell division and differentiation, and delay leaf senescence. Ethylene: Regulates fruit ripening, leaf abscission, and senescence. Abscisic acid (ABA): Plays a role in seed dormancy, stomatal closure, and stress responses. Brassinosteroids: Involved in cell elongation, division, and stress responses. Jasmonates: Regulate plant defense against pathogens and herbivores, as well as other processes. Salicylic acid: Plays a role in plant defense against pathogens. 1. Red and Far-Red Light (Phytochromes): Red light: Primarily activates the phytochrome system, converting it to its active form (Pfr), which promotes processes like stem elongation and flowering. Far-red light: Inhibits the phytochrome system by converting the active Pfr form back to the inactive Pr form. This can trigger shade avoidance responses and inhibit germination. Phytohormones: Red and far-red light regulate phytohormones like auxin and gibberellins, which are involved in stem elongation and other growth processes. 2. Blue Light (Cryptochromes and Phototropins): Blue light: Activates cryptochromes and phototropins, which are involved in various processes like stomatal opening, seedling de-etiolation, and phototropism (growth towards light). Phytohormones: Blue light affects auxin levels, influencing stem growth, and also impacts other phytohormones involved in these processes. Example: Blue light can promote vegetative growth and can interact with red light to promote flowering. 3. UV-B Light (UV-B Receptors): UV-B light: Perceived by UVR8 receptors, it can affect plant growth and development and has roles in stress responses, like UV protection. Phytohormones: UV-B light can influence phytohormones involved in stress responses, potentially affecting growth and development. 4. Other Colors: Green light: Plants are generally less sensitive to green light, as chlorophyll reflects it. Other wavelengths: While less studied, other wavelengths can also influence plant growth and development through interactions with different photoreceptors and phytohormones. Key Points: Cross-Signaling: Plants often experience a mix of light wavelengths, leading to complex interactions between different photoreceptors and phytohormones. Species Variability: The precise effects of light color on phytohormones can vary between different plant species. Hormonal Interactions: Phytohormones don't act in isolation; their interactions and interplay with other phytohormones and environmental signals are critical for plant responses. The spectral ratio of light (the composition of different colors of light) significantly influences a plant's hormonal balance. Different wavelengths of light are perceived by specific photoreceptors in plants, which in turn regulate the production and activity of various plant hormones (phytohormones). These hormones then control a wide range of developmental processes.

Hi everyone, brothers farmers Welcome to a new week in the PeakyPlansters gardens. I invite you to follow all my friends from Instagram even if you like ... I hope the contents like you .... Feel free to leave a comment

Dirty Aquarium Water: 6.43 pH 381 PPM 73.4⁰F They've gotten both bushier & taller, I needed to create more room in the tent for the clones that I will make seeds from, so I moved the extra clones I'm uncertain of what I'm going to do with it into a makeshift grow area. I'm waiting for temperatures to stay consistently warm outside so I can get these soon to be forced female outdoors to start making feminized seeds.

MIMOSA by ROYAL QUEEN SEEDS Week #15 Overall Week #14 Veg This week she doing good she's still in veg hopefully just a few more weeks before she starts to flower. So far she's shown quality genetics with the ability to grow on the heat. Stay Growing!! MIMOSA ROYAL QUEEN SEEDS

- June 19th - 10 days after planting the seedling - the plant is developing very well - the first shoot is emerging - Day 13 - today the lady was watered with 0.8 ml of BioBizz Bio-Grow mixed in a total of 400 ml of water

mrjones - Slurricane #7 S1 🌱Slurricane #7 S1 @inhousegenetics_official 👨‍🌾🏽GD Grower: MrJones 🔹🔹🔹🔹🔹🔹GOALS🔹🔹🔹🔹🔹🔹 🌞Environment - 75/80℉ and 55% Humidity 💧 Feeding - Advanced Nutrients Organic ⚗️Soil - 50% Ocean Forest / 20% Tupur Royal Gold / 10% Earth Worm castings / 10% lobster Compost / 10% Additional Perlite 🍃Training / HST, Will be topping, Cloning, and creating larger plants, and placing to flower under a trellis 🕷️ IPM - Will be using Green Cleaner" 1 OZ per Gallon, and CannControl from Mammoth alternating between product each month for Integrated Pest Management. 💡Mars Hydro LED / Veg Geeklight Monster Board 480W V4 / Flower 480W FC 4800 🔹🔹🔹🔹🔹🔹🔹🔹🔹🔹🔹🔹🔹🔹🔹 📜 Rambling - With week 8 coming to an end, this week was spent with cloning, they are 1 week old as of today and so far they look great above the soil, started venting a little more, and over the next week will be hardening them and getting them ready to go into the veg tent. The nutrients have also been cut back to 50% with a PPM of 500. 🔹🔹🔹🔹🔹🔹🔹🔹🔹🔹🔹🔹🔹🔹🔹 ▶️ Sunday - 03.28.21- These plants are recovering well from being cut back and cloned.- Fed girls with 30 ounces, they keep getting larger ▶️ Monday - 03.29.21- Fed with 40 ounces of nutrients at 50% strength. the plants are looking great. ▶️ Tuesday - 03.30.21- Fed with 40 ounces of nutrients at 50% strength. the plants are looking great. ▶️ Wednesday - 03.31.21- Fed with 40 ounces of nutrients at 50% strength. the plants are looking great. ▶️ Thursday - 04.01.21- Fed with 40 ounces of nutrients at 50% strength. the plants are looking great. ▶️ Friday - 04.02.21- Fed with 40 ounces of nutrients at 50% strength. the plants are looking great. ▶️ Saturday - 04.03.21-Feeding at 50% has allowed the plants to recover and are looking great. 🔹🔹🔹🔹🔹🔹🔹🔹🔹🔹🔹🔹🔹🔹🔹 📜 Cultivar Information - In House Genetics - Slurricane #7 S1 🔹🔹🔹🔹🔹🔹🔹🔹🔹🔹🔹🔹🔹🔹🔹

Jack herer has. Een growing rather slow. Mainly due to the cooler temperatures it has. Beside that everything is looking really good. The roots got pruned today, plus some lst and defoliation on a few leaves. She is ready for another week. Thank you Athena, Spider Farmer, and ILGM. 🤜🏻🤛🏻🌱🌱🌱 Thank you grow diaries community for the 👇likes👇, follows, comments, and subscriptions on my YouTube channel👇. ❄️🌱🍻 Happy Growing 🌱🌱🌱 https://youtube.com/channel/UCAhN7yRzWLpcaRHhMIQ7X4g

11.5cm/4.5" growth this week. She may need some water, look at her droopy lower leaves. I will monitor this situation.

Week 3 flowering begins! Added B52 to the nute mix this week. Amnesia lemon haze is looking healthy and she stretched a hell of a lot the last week. Thanks for stopping by 👽🌳💚

💩Holy Crap We Are Back At It And Loving It💩 👉FOLKS WE R ALMOST TO THE FINISH LINE👈 Growmies we are at DAY 63 and she's just killing💀it👌 👉We are in full flowering mode and she's doing great 👈 Everything is looking good even the Tiny Cup 🥤 So Shit , I gave them just a tad to much nutes at the start of feeding 👈 But I have since fixed it So I'm still doing some low stress training 🙃 and some defolation 😳 Lights being readjusted and chart updated .........👍rain water to be used entire growth👈 👉I used NutriNPK for nutrients for my grows and welcome anyone to give them a try .👈 👉 www.nutrinpk.com 👈 NutriNPK Cal MAG 14-0-14 NutriNPK Grow 28-14-14 NutriNPK Bloom 8-20-30 NutriNPK Bloom Booster 0-52-34 I GOT MULTIPLE DIARIES ON THE GO 😱 please check them out 😎 👉THANKS FOR TAKING THE TIME TO GO OVER MY DIARIES 👈

Day 17F-24F (Day 19) Man it’s such a shame that bbb#1 stunted out. It was so damn vigorous until it’s most recent feeding. I will make sure to cut back on teas next round as they can be a wild card sometimes. All 5 plants are packing on some serious early frost. But I’m not seeing too much chunk to the buds yet. My other grow that was flipped on the same day has almost no frost yet so that’s a good sign. (Day 21) Big strip today. I will pull off as many leaves as I need to ensure nearly all bud sites are exposed to adequate light. I’m still seeing excess N so I’m going to water in 2 gallons each until I get some runoff. The plants seem to be up taking water pretty decently so I’m going to push it a little with a heavier watering. Wow do the plants look amazing after that strip and flush! Everything is praying up beautifully, including #3 in the back. Let’s hope that gets it back on track now. (Day 22) I want to give a PK boost but all my bloom nutrients have way too much N and I don’t really want to risk it toxing anymore. I could give it a little bit of 0-18-0 bat guano and some 0-0-15 kelp extract but it could be completely unnecessary. I can’t see any signs of deficiencies but a small surplus couldn’t hurt either. (Day 23) I like how the ladies responded to the thorough watering. I will up my watering to 1 gallon every 48 hours from now on. It sucks to see how short bbb#1 is. I was expecting such a huge stretch but it never came because of that fucking tea! I should have leached the medium as soon as I saw stunting. It’s too bad because it definitely had the most potential for yield. (Day 24) I’m starting to think the main problem with bud size this round is all the topping I did early on. Not to mention they were vegging for nearly 3 months. I will try to pick off most of the larf before it wastes anymore energy. I think the ideal style of growing for bud size and veg time is a semi sea of green, or 6-8 plants per 25 square feet. I’m not a big fan of these giant plants as it’s a lot of wasted veg time and smaller bud size overall. The smell is really ramping up!

This strain has a good amount of trimming to be done on medium sized leaves so takes a few minutes.. or more. Just the easiest plant to grow... hands down period end of line Here is our guess for yield - 300-350 grams - yeah she still gonna kick my butt hers was almost a pound Heh I was long by an oz or two and yep she kicked my butt as expected

hello guys some news on the flowering day 28 nothing special has changed, the next week i put more bb and tm i go to switch to the maximal dosage. 😀👍

Harvested the Clones! I'm stoked how #4 grew out, I think she's the winner! With limited space in my grow, I'm only going to be able to bloom out the rest of the phenos clones to week 3-4.. The show must go on.. It's the price I must pay for using non-ideal cloning methods... Next round of phenohunting will have 100% cloning success, using my new aeroponics cloning machine.

Alright! Now she’s starting to show. Picking up speed— little transplant shock, but moving along. They are sitting in fox farms soil— not what I use normally, but they ran out of Mendo mix so it will be a bit until I put them in their final pot. Playing the nutes by ear because of the soil situation. ✌️🏻💚

Our beauty is now 6 weeks old and has officially entered the flowering stage! She has gained noticeable height and bushiness, showing off her healthy growth and vibrant energy. We've installed a net and gently guided her underneath to maximize the potential of each branch and ensure even light distribution. The light schedule remains 12/12. Daytime temperature is a steady 28°C, nighttime drops to 21°C, and humidity stays at 65%. We continue feeding her with Xpert Nutrients, providing all the essential elements she needs during flowering. CO2 supplementation also continues, supporting her vigorous development. A huge thank you to Xpert Nutrients for their top-quality fertilizers — it’s thanks to them our girl is entering the flowering phase with such strength and confidence .