What's in the soil? What's not in the soil would be an easier question to answer. 16-18 DLI @ the minute. +++ as she grows. Probably not recommended, but to get to where it needs to be, I need to start now. Vegetative @1400ppm 0.8–1.2 kPa 80–86°F (26.7–30°C) 65–75%, LST Day 10, Fim'd Day 11 CEC (Cation Exchange Capacity): This is a measure of a soil's ability to hold and exchange positively charged nutrients, like calcium, magnesium, and potassium. Soils with high CEC (more clay and organic matter) have more negative charges that attract and hold these essential nutrients, preventing them from leaching away. Biochar is highly efficient at increasing cation exchange capacity (CEC) compared to many other amendments. Biochar's high CEC potential stems from its negatively charged functional groups, and studies show it can increase CEC by over 90%. Amendments like compost also increase CEC but are often more prone to rapid biodegradation, which can make biochar's effect more long-lasting. biochar acts as a long-lasting Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) enhancer because its porous, carbon-rich structure provides sites for nutrients to bind to, effectively improving nutrient retention in soil without relying on the short-term benefits of fresh organic matter like compost or manure. Biochar's stability means these benefits last much longer than those from traditional organic amendments, making it a sustainable way to improve soil fertility, water retention, and structure over time. Needs to be charged first, similar to Coco, or it will immobilize cations, but at a much higher ratio. a high cation exchange capacity (CEC) results in a high buffer protection, meaning the soil can better resist changes in pH and nutrient availability. This is because a high CEC soil has more negatively charged sites to hold onto essential positively charged nutrients, like calcium and magnesium, and to buffer against acid ions, such as hydrogen. EC (Electrical Conductivity): This measures the amount of soluble salts in the soil. High EC levels indicate a high concentration of dissolved salts and can be a sign of potential salinity issues that can harm plants. The stored cations associated with a medium's cation exchange capacity (CEC) do not directly contribute to a real-time electrical conductivity (EC) reading. A real-time EC measurement reflects only the concentration of free, dissolved salt ions in the water solution within the medium. 98% of a plants nutrients comes directly from the water solution. 2% come directly from soil particles. CEC is a mediums storage capacity for cations. These stored cations do not contribute to a mediums EC directly. Electrical Conductivity (EC) does not measure salt ions adsorbed (stored) onto a Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) site, as EC measures the conductivity of ions in solution within a soil or water sample, not those held on soil particles. A medium releases stored cations to water by ion exchange, where a new, more desirable ion from the water solution temporarily displaces the stored cation from the medium's surface, a process also seen in plants absorbing nutrients via mass flow. For example, in water softeners, sodium ions are released from resin beads to bond with the medium's surface, displacing calcium and magnesium ions which then enter the water. This same principle applies when plants take up nutrients from the soil solution: the cations are released from the soil particles into the water in response to a concentration equilibrium, and then moved to the root surface via mass flow. An example of ion exchange within the context of Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) is a soil particle with a negative charge attracting and holding positively charged nutrient ions, like potassium (K+) or calcium (Ca2+), and then exchanging them for other positive ions present in the soil solution. For instance, a negatively charged clay particle in soil can hold a K+ ion and later release it to a plant's roots when a different cation, such as calcium (Ca2+), is abundant and replaces the potassium. This process of holding and swapping positively charged ions is fundamental to soil fertility, as it provides plants with essential nutrients. Negative charges on soil particles: Soil particles, particularly clay and organic matter, have negatively charged surfaces due to their chemical structure. Attraction of cations: These negative charges attract and hold positively charged ions, or cations, such as: Potassium (K+) Calcium (Ca2+) Magnesium (Mg2+) Sodium (Na+) Ammonium (NH4+) Plant roots excrete hydrogen ions (H+) through the action of proton pumps embedded in the root cell membranes, which use ATP (energy) to actively transport H+ ions from inside the root cell into the surrounding soil. This process lowers the pH of the soil, which helps to make certain mineral nutrients, such as iron, more available for uptake by the plant. Mechanism of H+ Excretion Proton Pumps: Root cells contain specialized proteins called proton pumps (H+-ATPases) in their cell membranes. Active Transport: These proton pumps use energy from ATP to actively move H+ ions from the cytoplasm of the root cell into the soil, against their concentration gradient. Role in pH Regulation: This active excretion of H+ is a major way plants regulate their internal cytoplasmic pH. Nutrient Availability: The resulting decrease in soil pH makes certain essential mineral nutrients, like iron, more soluble and available for the root cells to absorb. Ion Exchange: The H+ ions also displace positively charged mineral cations from the soil particles, making them available for uptake. Iron Uptake: In response to iron deficiency stress, plants enhance H+ excretion and reductant release to lower the pH and convert Fe3+ to the more available form Fe2+. The altered pH can influence the activity and composition of beneficial microbes in the soil. The H+ gradient created by the proton pumps can also be used for other vital cell functions, such as ATP synthesis and the transport of other solutes. The hydrogen ions (H+) excreted during photosynthesis come from the splitting of water molecules. This splitting, called photolysis, occurs in Photosystem II to replace the electrons used in the light-dependent reactions. The released hydrogen ions are then pumped into the thylakoid lumen, creating a proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis. Plants release hydrogen ions (H+) from their roots into the soil, a process that occurs in conjunction with nutrient uptake and photosynthesis. These H+ ions compete with mineral cations for the negatively charged sites on soil particles, a phenomenon known as cation exchange. By displacing beneficial mineral cations, the excreted H+ ions make these nutrients available for the plant to absorb, which can also lower the soil pH and indirectly affect its Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) by altering the pool of exchangeable cations in the soil solution. Plants use proton (H+) exudation, driven by the H+-ATPase enzyme, to release H+ ions into the soil, creating a more acidic rhizosphere, which enhances nutrient availability and influences nutrient cycling processes. This acidification mobilizes insoluble nutrients like iron (Fe) by breaking them down, while also facilitating the activity of beneficial microbes involved in the nutrient cycle. Therefore, H+ exudation is a critical plant strategy for nutrient acquisition and management, allowing plants to improve their access to essential elements from the soil. A lack of water splitting during photosynthesis can affect iron uptake because the resulting energy imbalance disrupts the plant's ability to produce ATP and NADPH, which are crucial for overall photosynthetic energy conversion and can trigger a deficiency in iron homeostasis pathways. While photosynthesis uses hydrogen ions produced from water splitting for the Calvin cycle, not to create a hydrogen gas deficiency, the overall process is sensitive to nutrient availability, and iron is essential for chloroplast function. In photosynthesis, water is split to provide electrons to replace those lost in Photosystem II, which is triggered by light absorption. These electrons then travel along a transport chain to generate ATP (energy currency) and NADPH (reducing power). Carbon Fixation: The generated ATP and NADPH are then used to convert carbon dioxide into carbohydrates in the Calvin cycle. Impaired water splitting (via water in or out) breaks the chain reaction of photosynthesis. This leads to an imbalance in ATP and NADPH levels, which disrupts the Calvin cycle and overall energy production in the plant. Plants require a sufficient supply of essential mineral elements like iron for photosynthesis. Iron is vital for chlorophyll formation and plays a crucial role in electron transport within the chloroplasts. The complex relationship between nutrient status and photosynthesis is evident when iron deficiency can be reverted by depleting other micronutrients like manganese. This highlights how nutrient homeostasis influences photosynthetic function. A lack of adequate energy and reducing power from photosynthesis, which is directly linked to water splitting, can trigger complex adaptive responses in the plant's iron uptake and distribution systems. Plants possess receptors called transceptors that can directly detect specific nutrient concentrations in the soil or within the plant's tissues. These receptors trigger signaling pathways, sometimes involving calcium influx or changes in protein complex activity, that then influence nutrient uptake by the roots. Plants use this information to make long-term adjustments, such as Increasing root biomass to explore more soil for nutrients. Modifying metabolic pathways to make better use of available resources. Adjusting the rate of nutrient transport into the roots. That's why I keep a high EC. Abundance resonates Abundance.

She seems to be recovering from the water log roots…after she dries out I will feed her some fish fertilizer…in case this is a nitrogen issue.

7/15 430am. Tuesday OG is moved from CannaKan to Organi-plug, then to 1 gallon small pot grow. With my System to make up for the lack of space and high stress environment. My major problem is I dont like working with dirt, it's dirty and hurts to hover over a bathtub and do it cleanly. Thats the challenge of CLEAN indoor micro-grows. The CannaKan fits inside the small A/C Infinity Germination stations. 7/15 1145pm almost midnight. Woke up and didn't need coffee just one, I will have 14 more but I needed 1. NO ENERGY SHOTS. The thought of energy shot which I needed just to function are not needed. Down to 124 pounds but re-gaining and this strain with my amino / combo will keep my nausea medication and now I have used sugar leaves and the increased resin for cysts and skin conditions as they arise. I am hoping this strain works in my high stress environment, I have found some that do and some that excel at what I am tryin to do. 7/16 140am Transfer to larger pot today, dirt work. MABYE NOW IS TIME FOR WHISKY ???? IF I HAVE TO OPEN THE CYST ON MY NECK AND BACK I WILL NEED LOTS OF WHISKY FOR THAT, VERY PAINFUL LAST TIME I TRIED. THEN I CAN WORK WITH THE DIRT, ILL ALREADDY BE DRUNK SO I WILL THINK ITS FUN!! IM SO SMART!!! 416AM ATAMI YOU ARE A COMPLICATED PRODUCT. She is full of secrets and very powerful. I have to be extremely careful with this. My aminos are increasing uptake and availability so she might be at .25 instead of half .5. She seemed to shock the plant a little at first. like using organic with non organic and unbalanceing the system. Now however she seems to be transforming the leaves and flowers into puffier surfaces and the over all smell of the tent is nicer, aTAMI Bloomtastic smells fresh and clean. 7am Ask Ai, What effect L- Citrulline Malate & L- Citraline on plants? Citrulline, found in plants and abundant in watermelon, has several notable effects on plant physiology and stress tolerance: Antioxidant and hydroxyl radical scavenging: Citrulline is a potent scavenger of hydroxyl radicals, protecting plant cells and metabolic enzymes from oxidative damage, particularly under stress conditions such as drought. Studies show it is more efficient than other compatible solutes like proline and mannitol in this role. Drought and salt stress tolerance: Citrulline accumulation is associated with increased tolerance to drought and salinity stress in certain plants like watermelon and some melon genotypes. It contributes to osmotic adjustment and helps plants maintain water status during these adverse conditions. Exogenous application of citrulline has also been shown to improve antioxidant enzyme activity and essential oil content in hyssop plants under water stress. Nitrogen transport and metabolism: Citrulline has been proposed to function as a carrier of organic nitrogen in cucurbits and is found in high concentrations in their phloem. This suggests a role in nitrogen assimilation, storage, and long-distance transport within the plant. Research also indicates its involvement in nitrogen homeostasis. In summary, L-citrulline plays a significant role in helping plants cope with environmental stresses, primarily by acting as an antioxidant and contributing to osmotic adjustment and nitrogen metabolism. However, more research is needed to fully understand its precise mechanisms and potential applications in agriculture. "" 11am ""Combining iron with certain amino acids like glycine, asparagine, serine, methionine, and threonine, can enhance iron absorption. Additionally, vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is well-known for its ability to significantly improve iron absorption, especially from non-heme sources, according to Michigan State University. Specific amino acids and their impact on iron absorption: Glycine and Asparagine: These amino acids have been shown to significantly increase iron absorption when ingested with iron, particularly in rats, according to ScienceDirect. Methionine and Threonine: These amino acids, when combined with iron, have been shown to improve hemoglobin levels in young women, suggesting enhanced iron utilization according to National Institutes of Health (NIH). Histidine: It can bind ferrous iron, forming a stable complex that may be important for its solubility and absorption, according to Cambridge University Press & Assessment. Serine: Similar to glycine and asparagine, serine has also been shown to increase iron absorption in animal studies according to ScienceDirect. Important Considerations: Vitamin C's Role: Vitamin C is particularly effective in enhancing non-heme iron absorption (iron from plant-based sources). Dietary Sources: Combining iron-rich foods with vitamin C-rich foods (liked citrus fruits, berries, and vegetables) can maximize iron absorption from your diet. Individual Needs: Iron absorption can be influenced by various factors, including individual iron status and the presence of other dietary components 🚨Several recent studies demonstrated that treatment with the BCAA LEUCINE improves the anemia 🚨 7/16 2250am I found a fluorescent light to put in the fixture in front of the germination station. I’ve heard fluorescent is the best so I have fluorescent and LED set up for my station. It’s really nice.👍👍🚨 🚨🚨🚨 UPDATE 7/26 1124PM THE FLORESCENT CFL BULB MADE A SIGNIFICANT AND OBVIOUS IMPROVEMENT ON VEGING LEAF SIZE!!!! 7/17 12am goddamnit. mistakes were made, lessons were learnted. because brainsmarts make weed good or bad whichever is funnier...im sofa king we todd it. 7/18 1215am BCAA into iron and anemia """🚨In the current study, the three BCAAs valine, leucine and isoleucine were significantly correlated with Hb, ferritin and the sTfR. The linear regression models showed strongest associations between BCAAs and Hb. Lowered BCAA levels were found with lowered Hb values. These findings are consistent with the results of a previous study by Chung et al., who demonstrated, that the uptake of the essential BCAAs is a very important component of Hb synthesis in hematopoietic stem cells (19). In this context, the mTORC1 was shown to be a key regulator in hematopoietic stem cell function (20). This multi-protein complex acts as an intracellular sensor of BCAA availability, which coordinates the Hb production (19,21). Here, the strongest correlation was found between the BCAA valine and Hb (r=0.382; P 7/18 RICKY'S HASH PLANT BUTTFACE!!! LOOK AT THAT SEED, HILARIOUS!!!! OTHERS LOOK GREAT TOO 7/19 I put the three extra seeds and the little cubes if I don’t transfer them right away I know I’ll destroy three more seeds. I also have two more mint jellies going for some reason and I might put the doctor Seedman with this as well, I love the magnetic stir thing. It keeps nutrients longer when you can stir them all day.👍👍👍👨‍⚕️. 7/20. almost its 1118pm 7/19 still. AMAZING AMAZING RESULTS. THE AMINOS ARE WORKING. ALSO ON ME. I AM CONDUCTING MEDICAL RESEARCH ON MYSELF AND ITS WORKING. ALSO METHELYENE BLUE MUST BE A CONTRIBUTING FACTOR??!! TMG POWDER, &METHYLE FOLATE PLUS. NECK CYSTS ARE HEALING, NIGHT SWEATS FEVER DROPPING TO NORMAL. BOUTS OF SUDDEN HYPOTHERMEA AND NAUSEA HAVE DECREASED. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM WORKING BETTER THAN EVER. NO MAJOR OR MINOR BLOOD LOSS. NO MAJOR ORGAN PAIN. NOT TRIPPING AS MUCH, STILL DRAGGING ONE FOOT, I TRIP SOMETIMES. MOOD IS ELEVATED, CONCENTRATION MAXIMUM. CREATIVE ENERGY IS UNLIKE ANYTHING EXPERINCED IN YEARS. THE SYSTEM IS WORKING ON THE PLANTS AND ME!!! I AM SO GLAD I LISTENED TO SLINGBLADE NEWS. SOME PEOPLE CALL IT THE ALEX JONES SHOW, I CALL IT SLINGBLADE NEWS CAUSE ITS FUNNIER. HE IS THE REAL DEAL WITH HEALTH I CAN NOT BELIVE ITS ALL WORKING. AND QUICK SORB AMINOS, NITRIC BOOST, METHELYENE BLUE FOR THE PLANTS AND ADD TMG POWDER, METHYLFOLATE PLUS, MAGNESIUM, ZINC BY BIOTICS RESEARCH AND METHYLENE BLUE 5 PERCENT BY LIOPHY (GOT IT OFF AMAZON, A.J. STUFF IS TOO EXPENSIVE TO EXPERIMENT WITH). 430am making food now. nap from 130 to 230am woke up feeling good not tired...AGAIN...WOO HOO MOTHER FUCKELRSSSSS!!!!!

Semana 4 El estiramiento prácticamente se detiene y la planta entra en fase de floración activa. Los puntos florales ya forman pequeñas coronas definidas en cada punta, con los cálices apilándose y los primeros indicios de volumen real. Los pistilos siguen emergiendo con vigor, marcando el inicio de la densificación. La estructura se mantiene abierta y eficiente, con todas las zonas productivas bien expuestas. Las hojas continúan sanas y funcionales, sosteniendo una fotosíntesis estable que acompaña la creciente demanda energética. Sticky Finger se integra con naturalidad en la dieta, respaldando la expansión floral y la futura producción de resina sin saturaciones. Seguimos creciendo fuerte 💪!

🌵🐵 PEYOTE GORILLA BY SEEDSMAN 🐵🌵 🌵 26.3 ... 🌵 27.3 Beautiful plant, the red veins are beautiful, I can't wait for it to start scenting 🌵 28.3 🌵 29.3 🌵 30.3 all great, new irrigation today 🌵 31.3 🌵 1.4 ____________________________________________________________________________________ 📜 A look at the details of what I'm growing 📜 🌵🐵 Peyote Gorilla🐵🌵 ⚧ Gender ▪️ Feminised ➰ Genes ▪️ 60% Indica / 40% Sativa 🎄 Genetics ▪️ Gorilla Glue #4 (Chem Sister x Chocolate Diesel) x Peyote Purple (Bubba Kush purple pheno) 🚜Harvest ▪️ 600 g/m² 🌷Flowering ▪️ 65 - 70 days ✨THC ▪️ 26.0% ✅CBD ▪️ 1.0% 🏡Room Type ▪️ Indoor 🌄Room Type ▪️ Outdoor 🕋Room Type ▪️ Greenhouse 🎂Release Year ▪️ 2019 __________________________________________________________________________ 📷🥇 Follow the best photos on Instagram 🥇📷 https://www.instagram.com/dreamit420/ 🔻🔻Leave a comment with your opinions if you pass by here🔻🔻 🤟🤗💚Thanks and Enjoy growth 💚🤗🤟

An early update, due to rain in the forecast for tomorrow and the next day. Girls have formed button size buds and the nodes are stacking close. Very strong healthy girls here. Tallest lady just under 11 foot. My favourite time of year is upon us now. Cooler weather, just hoping on little rain for the next 6 weeks... Added a little video so more of their size is shown, better than a pic

**Encontrarás la traducción a español al final de la descripción** From/Desde: 30/09/19 || To/Hasta: 06/10/19 From day/Desde día: 29 || To day/Hasta día: 35 BlueBerry Cookies Diary / Diario de las BlueBerry Cookies: https://growdiaries.com/diaries/38769-dinafem-039-s-blueberry-cookies-at-the-ocean If you like this week, please hit a like, it costs you nothing! 👊. Thanks in advance 😉! -----IMAGES & VIDEOS----- V1: TimeLapse week video, at second 24 I changed the lights to full operation (notice the color change), so since mid week I'm using the full 180W instead the 90W for growing. Also today (Week 11), I purchased the Platinum P450 model to replace the P300 I have. I still don't know if I'm going to place both lights together to end this grow, or if just replace the P300 and use it to grow another plant in my 60x60 tent. P5: A leave broken on a night photo session (last week dark photos). I'm in really love with Ocean's leaves, they are super beauty, with very bold "fingers", and very textured. -----WEEK SUMMARY----- This week I changed the lights to full flora mode as is recommended by the manufacturer for late vegetative grow. They are still growing at a very good speed more than a cm per day, soon I will perform a full LST on one of them and also I will place the SCROG mesh to try to match the height of the colas. At time the 4 plants (All the cookies) are +/- the same height, but soon the BlueBerries will be bigger than the Oceans. I see a bit overfeeding in the leaves aspect, it must be due to the guano and volcanic soil I added to Soil mix. In a couple of weeks they will look very beauty and healthy. -----WATERING CALENDAR----- 05/10/19 DAY 34 - 1 l with all week nutrients @ (1.3 EC | PH 6.2 | 24.9ºc) *****ESPAÑOL***** Por favor, si te gusta esta semana dale un like, no te cuesta nada 👊. ¡Gracias por adelantado 😉! -----IMÁGENES & VÍDEOS----- V1: Video TimeLapse semanal, en el segundo 24 cambio las luces a full flora (se nota en el cambio de color de la imagen), así que a partir de mitad de semana empezaré a usar los 180W de mi luminaria en vez de los 90W que venía consumiendo en crecimiento. Esta semana (Semana 11) he comprado una mejora de luces, he comprado el modelo P450 de Platinum que reemplazará al P300 que estoy usando. Aún no se si voy a dejar ambas luces juntas para acabar este cultivo, o si simplemente reemplazaré el P300, y este lo usaré para crecer otra cosa en mi armario de 60x60. P5: una hoja que se me rompió durante una sesión de fotos nocturna. Las hojas de esta genética son especialmente bonitas, con unos dedos gordos gordos y texturizados. -----SUMARIO SEMANAL----- Esta semana cambio el modo de la luminaria a flora, pues es lo recomendado por el fabricante para la última etapa de crecimiento. Siguen creciendo a una velocidad excelente, más de 1 cm por día, pronto pondré la malla de SCROG para intentar ajustar la altura de las cola. Por el momento las 4 plantas (todas las cookies) son más o menos d la misma altura, pero pronto las BlueBerry pasarán en altura a las Ocean. Puedo ver un poco de sobrealimentación por el aspecto de las hojas, debe ser debido a la tierra volcánica y el guano que le añadí al sustrato. En un par de semanas se verán super sanas y bonitas. -----CALENDARIO DE RIEGO----- 05/10/19 DÍA 34 - 1 l con todos los nutrientes semanales @ (1,3 EC | PH 6,2 | 24,9ºc)

Think these will be done by end of week 8 possibly, adding UV + IR for terpes and pushing for an earlier finish! 🍋

Herşey yolun da amnesia ların biraz daha büyümesi lazım galiba taminim haftaya bluma almış olurum

420Fastbuds FBT2302/Week10 What up what up grow fam. Week 10 update for these beautiful girls. Wow are they smelly delicious. As soon as you open the tent up a blast of fruity/berry smell just hits you. Super frosty on the purple one and flowers are nice and dense. Both are getting close to getting the chop as I'll start checking the trichs with the magnifier. All in all Happy Growing

Start Flush

This week has been good, no problems to say of. No changes to the light schedule or nutrients. I do have a Lemon Pie Auto doing something strange stuff it is @ 51 days old and is giving off some mutations in the fan leafs, and she stretched to double the height of the other 2 in the tent. Also has begun to develop a few small brown spots on a couple fans too but other than that all is well.

What's in the soil? What's not in the soil would be an easier question to answer. 16-18 DLI @ the minute. +++ as she grows. Probably not recommended, but to get to where it needs to be, I need to start now. Vegetative @1400ppm 0.8–1.2 kPa 80–86°F (26.7–30°C) 65–75%, LST Day 10, Fim'd Day 11 CEC (Cation Exchange Capacity): This is a measure of a soil's ability to hold and exchange positively charged nutrients, like calcium, magnesium, and potassium. Soils with high CEC (more clay and organic matter) have more negative charges that attract and hold these essential nutrients, preventing them from leaching away. Biochar is highly efficient at increasing cation exchange capacity (CEC) compared to many other amendments. Biochar's high CEC potential stems from its negatively charged functional groups, and studies show it can increase CEC by over 90%. Amendments like compost also increase CEC but are often more prone to rapid biodegradation, which can make biochar's effect more long-lasting. biochar acts as a long-lasting Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) enhancer because its porous, carbon-rich structure provides sites for nutrients to bind to, effectively improving nutrient retention in soil without relying on the short-term benefits of fresh organic matter like compost or manure. Biochar's stability means these benefits last much longer than those from traditional organic amendments, making it a sustainable way to improve soil fertility, water retention, and structure over time. Needs to be charged first, similar to Coco, or it will immobilize cations, but at a much higher ratio. a high cation exchange capacity (CEC) results in a high buffer protection, meaning the soil can better resist changes in pH and nutrient availability. This is because a high CEC soil has more negatively charged sites to hold onto essential positively charged nutrients, like calcium and magnesium, and to buffer against acid ions, such as hydrogen. EC (Electrical Conductivity): This measures the amount of soluble salts in the soil. High EC levels indicate a high concentration of dissolved salts and can be a sign of potential salinity issues that can harm plants. The stored cations associated with a medium's cation exchange capacity (CEC) do not directly contribute to a real-time electrical conductivity (EC) reading. A real-time EC measurement reflects only the concentration of free, dissolved salt ions in the water solution within the medium. 98% of a plants nutrients comes directly from the water solution. 2% come directly from soil particles. CEC is a mediums storage capacity for cations. These stored cations do not contribute to a mediums EC directly. Electrical Conductivity (EC) does not measure salt ions adsorbed (stored) onto a Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) site, as EC measures the conductivity of ions in solution within a soil or water sample, not those held on soil particles. A medium releases stored cations to water by ion exchange, where a new, more desirable ion from the water solution temporarily displaces the stored cation from the medium's surface, a process also seen in plants absorbing nutrients via mass flow. For example, in water softeners, sodium ions are released from resin beads to bond with the medium's surface, displacing calcium and magnesium ions which then enter the water. This same principle applies when plants take up nutrients from the soil solution: the cations are released from the soil particles into the water in response to a concentration equilibrium, and then moved to the root surface via mass flow. An example of ion exchange within the context of Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) is a soil particle with a negative charge attracting and holding positively charged nutrient ions, like potassium (K+) or calcium (Ca2+), and then exchanging them for other positive ions present in the soil solution. For instance, a negatively charged clay particle in soil can hold a K+ ion and later release it to a plant's roots when a different cation, such as calcium (Ca2+), is abundant and replaces the potassium. This process of holding and swapping positively charged ions is fundamental to soil fertility, as it provides plants with essential nutrients. Negative charges on soil particles: Soil particles, particularly clay and organic matter, have negatively charged surfaces due to their chemical structure. Attraction of cations: These negative charges attract and hold positively charged ions, or cations, such as: Potassium (K+) Calcium (Ca2+) Magnesium (Mg2+) Sodium (Na+) Ammonium (NH4+) Plant roots excrete hydrogen ions (H+) through the action of proton pumps embedded in the root cell membranes, which use ATP (energy) to actively transport H+ ions from inside the root cell into the surrounding soil. This process lowers the pH of the soil, which helps to make certain mineral nutrients, such as iron, more available for uptake by the plant. Mechanism of H+ Excretion Proton Pumps: Root cells contain specialized proteins called proton pumps (H+-ATPases) in their cell membranes. Active Transport: These proton pumps use energy from ATP to actively move H+ ions from the cytoplasm of the root cell into the soil, against their concentration gradient. Role in pH Regulation: This active excretion of H+ is a major way plants regulate their internal cytoplasmic pH. Nutrient Availability: The resulting decrease in soil pH makes certain essential mineral nutrients, like iron, more soluble and available for the root cells to absorb. Ion Exchange: The H+ ions also displace positively charged mineral cations from the soil particles, making them available for uptake. Iron Uptake: In response to iron deficiency stress, plants enhance H+ excretion and reductant release to lower the pH and convert Fe3+ to the more available form Fe2+. The altered pH can influence the activity and composition of beneficial microbes in the soil. The H+ gradient created by the proton pumps can also be used for other vital cell functions, such as ATP synthesis and the transport of other solutes. The hydrogen ions (H+) excreted during photosynthesis come from the splitting of water molecules. This splitting, called photolysis, occurs in Photosystem II to replace the electrons used in the light-dependent reactions. The released hydrogen ions are then pumped into the thylakoid lumen, creating a proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis. Plants release hydrogen ions (H+) from their roots into the soil, a process that occurs in conjunction with nutrient uptake and photosynthesis. These H+ ions compete with mineral cations for the negatively charged sites on soil particles, a phenomenon known as cation exchange. By displacing beneficial mineral cations, the excreted H+ ions make these nutrients available for the plant to absorb, which can also lower the soil pH and indirectly affect its Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) by altering the pool of exchangeable cations in the soil solution. Plants use proton (H+) exudation, driven by the H+-ATPase enzyme, to release H+ ions into the soil, creating a more acidic rhizosphere, which enhances nutrient availability and influences nutrient cycling processes. This acidification mobilizes insoluble nutrients like iron (Fe) by breaking them down, while also facilitating the activity of beneficial microbes involved in the nutrient cycle. Therefore, H+ exudation is a critical plant strategy for nutrient acquisition and management, allowing plants to improve their access to essential elements from the soil. A lack of water splitting during photosynthesis can affect iron uptake because the resulting energy imbalance disrupts the plant's ability to produce ATP and NADPH, which are crucial for overall photosynthetic energy conversion and can trigger a deficiency in iron homeostasis pathways. While photosynthesis uses hydrogen ions produced from water splitting for the Calvin cycle, not to create a hydrogen gas deficiency, the overall process is sensitive to nutrient availability, and iron is essential for chloroplast function. In photosynthesis, water is split to provide electrons to replace those lost in Photosystem II, which is triggered by light absorption. These electrons then travel along a transport chain to generate ATP (energy currency) and NADPH (reducing power). Carbon Fixation: The generated ATP and NADPH are then used to convert carbon dioxide into carbohydrates in the Calvin cycle. Impaired water splitting (via water in or out) breaks the chain reaction of photosynthesis. This leads to an imbalance in ATP and NADPH levels, which disrupts the Calvin cycle and overall energy production in the plant. Plants require a sufficient supply of essential mineral elements like iron for photosynthesis. Iron is vital for chlorophyll formation and plays a crucial role in electron transport within the chloroplasts. The complex relationship between nutrient status and photosynthesis is evident when iron deficiency can be reverted by depleting other micronutrients like manganese. This highlights how nutrient homeostasis influences photosynthetic function. A lack of adequate energy and reducing power from photosynthesis, which is directly linked to water splitting, can trigger complex adaptive responses in the plant's iron uptake and distribution systems. Plants possess receptors called transceptors that can directly detect specific nutrient concentrations in the soil or within the plant's tissues. These receptors trigger signaling pathways, sometimes involving calcium influx or changes in protein complex activity, that then influence nutrient uptake by the roots. Plants use this information to make long-term adjustments, such as Increasing root biomass to explore more soil for nutrients. Modifying metabolic pathways to make better use of available resources. Adjusting the rate of nutrient transport into the roots. That's why I keep a high EC. Abundance resonates Abundance.

Week 8, nov 3. the middle plant was turning light green in the past couple of weeks so I flushed it with 60 liters of ph 5.9 water to see if it was locking out. Most of the plants have had calmag deficiencies even though I have been adding calmag every watering. perhaps I need some dolomite lime mixed in with the next promix to get a better ph and allow for nutrient uptake better (?)

Vamos familia, hora de cosechar estas Biscotti de RoyalQueenSeeds. No veáis que pinta que tienen las flores están bien formadas y repletas de tricomas. Después de 70 días de floración obtengo estas flores tan increíbles que huelen pfff. Es una variedad un poco complicada de cultivar pero, que al final si da sus frutos. Bastante contento con este primer cultivo de la temporada de indoor. Dar las gracias a james por las genéticas dé RoyalQueenSeeds, y a todo el equipo de Agrobeta, que sin vosotros parte de estos proyectos no son posibles 🙏 Agrobeta: https://www.agrobeta.com/agrobetatiendaonline/36-abonos-canamo Mars hydro: Code discount: EL420 https://www.mars-hydro.com/ Hasta aquí es todo , espero que lo disfrutéis, buenos humos 💨💨.

Alright Then REMINDER I DO 2 UPDATES PER WEEK 👉WEEKLYROUNDUP👈👉MIDWEEKLY UPDATE👈 We just hit week 4 and all is well , have to admit she been a little bit of the runt of the litter ,still she keeps on pushing forward 😃 ....... So this little sprout is tuff one and has begun to start with pre-flowers👍 Still very little vertical growth , but I'm working on it 😏 Very little water given ,so far and rain water to be used entire growth Her little sister is about 12 days behind and is playing catchup and she's doing great 👌 Lights being readjusted and chart updated .........👍 I GOT MULTIPLE DIARIES ON THE GO 😱 please check them out 😎 👉I WISH GD HAD DISCORD SERVER SO GROWMIES COULD HAVE A PLACE TO HELP AND TALK THINGS RELATED TO GROWING IN REAL TIME .....👈 👉SO I CREATED ONE ALL YOU NEED IS TO JOIN THE GROWDIARIES DISCORD SERVER !!!!!!!!!!!👈 LINK IS 👉 https://discord.gg/zQmTHkbejs AND SEE HOW IT PLAYS OUT !!!!!!!

Day 36 1/13/25 I think she is taking to the location okay so far and after the first cut I did I’m not sure what I’m doing I’m just doing my own little mainline thing experimenting I guess I’m using APSU super soil and a little bit of build of soil 3.0 left from last grow and it’s a 7 gal pot als 1/14 day 37 Did second and final topping going allow about two weeks to bounce back and allow more growth and LST then flower

On the grow itself, I just got twice as much yield with 1/3 fewer plants by switching to coco and CocoTek, I would count that a win. Zero stress so I was right, grow them without stress and you will be rewarded. Just the easiest best smelling little plant to grow. Always germs well and produces long as you treat her right. It loved the CocoTek and Soul Peak finisher FIVE STARS ON BOTH add them to the list GD! If anyone needs help growing in coco coir get this book! Coco for Cannabis - MJ Coco https://www.amazon.com/Coco-Cannabis-Growers-Dr-M-J-ebook/dp/B07G9LR4W2/ref=sr_1_1?crid=LYSB5G978Y1I&keywords=coco+for+cannabis&qid=1579029394&sprefix=coco+for%2Caps%2C267&sr=8-1 1/20 Absolutely the best grow yet for potency, dont want to guess but it's at the strains upper limits I am thinking from the effect.

Here we go, my first attempt to be blown away by the most designer genetics I could find. Spoke with GreenMachine back in November 2019 on getting these, watched him do it first in his version of hempy buckets (do check him out, quite unique) 6 plants run in 4 gallon hempy buckets 30% perlite, 70% coco. Top feed twice daily till resevoir spills out of the buckets. Will up it in flower to at least 3 feedings. All drains to waste Room is dialed in. See my build journal, this space is in a non climatised garage. Insulation and air conditioning are key, as well as odor control for my neighbors sake. Growing out 4 phenos to look for the frostiest nuglet and will then clone it over the winter for next years run. Follow my son on his first Grow Diaries adventure - Budxless I go live on insta Sunday nights from the garden at 9:30pm EST - Budxsmedical