My homework. Rubisco regeneration is intrinsically linked to nitrogen supply because Rubisco is a major sink for nitrogen in plants, typically accounting for 15% to over 25% of total leaf nitrogen. The regeneration phase itself consumes nitrogen through the synthesis of the Rubisco enzyme and associated proteins (like Rubisco activase), and overall nitrogen status heavily influences the efficiency of RuBP regeneration.Structural Component: Nitrogen is an essential building block for all proteins, and the sheer abundance of the Rubisco protein makes it the single largest storage of nitrogen in the leaf. Synthesis and Activity: Adequate nitrogen supply is crucial for the synthesis and maintenance of sufficient Rubisco enzyme and Rubisco activase (Rca), the regulatory protein responsible for maintaining Rubisco's active state. Nitrogen deficiency leads to a decrease in the content and activity of both Rubisco and Rca, which in turn limits the maximum carboxylation rate, Vmax, and the rate of RuBP regeneration Jmax, thus reducing overall photosynthetic capacity. Nitrogen Storage and Remobilization: Rubisco can act as a temporary nitrogen storage protein, which is degraded to remobilize nitrogen to other growing parts of the plant, especially under conditions of nitrogen deficiency or senescence. Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE): The allocation of nitrogen to Rubisco is a key determinant of a plant's photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency (PNUE). In high-nitrogen conditions, plants may accumulate a surplus of Rubisco, which may not be fully activated, leading to a lower PNUE. Optimizing the amount and activity of Rubisco relative to nitrogen availability is a target for improving crop NUE. Photorespiration and Nitrogen Metabolism: Nitrogen metabolism is also linked to the photorespiration pathway (which competes with carboxylation at the Rubisco active site), particularly in the reassimilation of ammonia released during the process. To increase RuBisCO regeneration, which refers to the process of forming the CO2 acceptor molecule Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) during photosynthesis, the primary methods involve optimizing the levels and activity of Rubisco activase (Rca) and enhancing the performance of other Calvin-Benson-Bassham (CBB) cycle enzymes. Biochemical and Environmental Approaches: Optimize Rubisco Activase (Rca) activity: Rca is a crucial chaperone protein that removes inhibitory sugar phosphates, such as CA1P (2-carboxy-D-arabinitol 1-phosphate), from the Rubisco active site, thus maintaining its catalytic competence. •Ensure optimal light conditions: Rca is light-activated via the chloroplast's redox status. Adequate light intensity ensures Rca can effectively maintain Rubisco in its active, carbamylated state. •Maintain optimal temperature: Rca is highly temperature-sensitive and can become unstable at moderately high temperatures (e.g., above 35°C/95F° in many C3 plants), which decreases its ability to activate Rubisco. Maintaining temperatures within the optimal range for a specific plant species is important. •Optimize Mg2+ concentration: Mg2+ is a key cofactor for both Rubisco carbamylation and Rca activity. In the light, Mg2+ concentration in the chloroplast stroma increases, promoting activation. •Manage ATP/ADP ratio: Rca activity depends on ATP hydrolysis and is inhibited by ADP. Conditions that maintain a high ATP/ADP ratio in the chloroplast stroma favor Rca activity. Enhance Calvin-Benson-Bassham (CBB) cycle enzyme activity: The overall rate of RuBP regeneration can be limited by other enzymes in the cycle. •Increase SBPase activity: Sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase (SBPase) is a key regulatory enzyme in the regeneration pathway, and increasing its activity can enhance RuBP regeneration and overall photosynthesis. •Optimize other enzymes: Overexpression of other CBB cycle enzymes such as fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (FBA) and triose phosphate isomerase (TPI) can also help to balance the metabolic flux and improve RuBP regeneration capacity. Magnesium ions, Mg2+, are specifically required for Rubisco activation because the cation plays a critical structural and chemical role in forming the active site: A specific lysine residue in the active site must be carbamylated by a CO2 molecule to activate the enzyme. The resulting negatively charged carbamyl group then facilitates the binding of the positively charged Mg2+ion. While other divalent metal ions like Mn2+ can bind to Rubisco, they alter the enzyme's substrate specificity and lead to dramatically lower activity or a higher rate of the non-productive oxygenation reaction compared to Mg2+, making them biologically unfavorable in the context of efficient carbon fixation. The concentration of Mg2+ in the chloroplast stroma naturally increases in the light due to ion potential balancing during ATP synthesis, providing a physiological mechanism to ensure the enzyme is activated when photosynthesis is possible. At the center of the porphyrin ring, nestled within its nitrogen atoms, is a Magnesium ion (Mg2+). This magnesium ion is crucial for the function of chlorophyll, and without it, the pigment cannot effectively capture and transfer light energy. Mg acts as a cofactor: Mg2+ binds to Rubisco after an activator CO2 molecule, forming a catalytically competent complex (Enzyme-CO2-Mg2+). High light + CO2) increases demand: Under high light (60 DLI is a very high intensity, potentially saturating) and high CO2, the plant's capacity for photosynthesis is high, and thus the demand for activated Rubisco and the necessary Mg2+ cofactor increases. Mg deficiency becomes limiting: If Mg2+ is deficient under these conditions, the higher levels of Rubisco and Rubisco activase produced cannot be fully activated, leading to lower photosynthetic rates and potential photo-oxidative damage. Optimal range: Studies show that adequate Mg2+ application can enhance Rubisco activation and stabilize net photosynthetic rates under stress conditions, but the required concentration is specific to the experimental setup. Monitoring is key: The most effective approach in a controlled environment is to monitor the plant's physiological responses e.g., leaf Mg2+ concentration, photosynthetic rate, Rubisco activation state, and adjust the nutrient solution/fertilizer to maintain adequate levels, rather than supplementing a fixed "extra" amount. In practice, this means ensuring that Mg2+ is not a limiting factor in the plant's standard nutrient solution when pushing the limits with high light and CO2. Applying Mg2+ through foliar spray is beneficial to Rubisco regeneration, particularly in alleviating the negative effects of magnesium (Mg) deficiency and high-temperature stress (HTS). While Mg can be leached from soil, within the plant it is considered a mobile nutrient, particularly in the phloem. Foliar-applied Mg is quickly absorbed by the leaves and can be translocate to other plant parts, including new growth and sink organs. Foliar application of: NATURES VERY OWN MgSO4 @ 15.0g L-1 in a spray bottle. Foliar sprays are often recommended as a rapid rescue measure for existing deficiencies or as a supplement during critical growth stages, when demand for Mg is high. Application in the early morning or late evening can improve absorption and prevent leaf burn. The starting point [of creativity] is curiosity: pondering why the default exists in the first place. We’re driven to question defaults when we experience vuja de, the opposite of déjà vu. Déjà vu occurs when we encounter something new, but it feels as if we’ve seen it before. Vuja de is the reverse—we face something familiar, but we see it with a fresh perspective that enables us to gain new insights into old problems.

After a two day heat wave it’s rained for 4 days…. So we are well flushed ☔️

Hello growers day 29 with the Tropicana cookies auto she is struggling to get light I think my other plants are to big for her so Iv started the other 2 seeds I got from pev and there looking better already iv got them in a little tent and they are thriving I will add pics of them next week until then be safe and happy growing ✌️🏻

The one plant of STRAWBERRY SOUR DIESEL harvested 49,3 gram of EXCELLENT dried bud. That makes her the second lowest yielder of my tent. The buds are GLISTENING with trichomes and the smell is sooooooo sweet snd soooooo delicious, she is mouthwatering! My plant grew tall with long internode distances, so I had to super-crop her in order to control her height. She grew healthy all thru the cycle and had developed very nicely.

Día 01 de su octava semana de flora. Pandemia kush y la Trimosa x mimosa sin apical se van a cortar a mediados de esta semana. El resto por cuestión de tiempo voy a apurarlas cortandolas en 10 días más.

APROXIMADAMENTE CUARTA SEMANA EMPEZAMOS POR PRIMERA VEZ NUESTRO LST Y UNA LIGERA PODA DE BAJOS. SEGUIMOS CON EL CABLE DE CALOR PUESTO Y TAMBIÉN AÑADIMOS UN CALEFACTOR PARA MINIMIZAR LAS BAJAS TEMPERATURAS

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Day15 of flower.

Das Pflänzchen wird zur Pflanze. Bis jetzt läuft es gut. Die Entscheidung, in den Kompost 20% Kokosfasern einzumischen war richtig. Dieser Strain war eine spanische gratis Samenspende des Saatgutlieferanten meiner Wahl. 😊 5 Samen haben sie beigelegt. Beim ersten Versuch habe ich die Samen draußen zum Keimen bringen wollen, das hat gar nicht geklappt. Alle vier Strains sind noch unter der Erde verfault. Es war zu kalt und zu nass.

Whats is wrong with my plants? I don't know If you know please advise

Week 2 – Normal growth, just still small She’s coming along nicely. Growth looks healthy and steady – nothing explosive yet, but that’s expected this early. Starting to push out her second set of true leaves. Color is good, leaves are perky. Everything looks on track so far, just early-stage growth. Let’s see how she takes off in the coming days

Day 70 (Day F26): streching has started

Welcome to my Dutch Passion Diaries Competition 2025 entry! For this competition, I’ve chosen the Indoor Feminized strain: Ice Cream Haze Media from Week 16 or Flower week 5-6 After Moving into the New Tent for the flower weeks. Stage. Here’s what I’m working with for the Final Tent after Moving for the Flower time : • 🌱 Tent: 220x150x150 • 🧑‍🌾 Breeder Company: Dutch Passion • 💧 Humidity Range: 40 • ⏳ Flowering Time: 8W-10W • Strain Info: 20-25%THC, Sativa • 🌡️ Temperature: 26 • 🍵 Pot Size: 0.5l • Nutrient Brand: Narcos • ⚡ Lights : 720W x 2 Dimmed to 400w Each at the Moment. Because of Heatwave ⭐ A huge thank you to Dutch Passion for allowing me to be a part of this amazing competition and for supporting the grower community worldwide! Your genetics and passion speak for themselves! Curious to try these strains for yourself? You can check them out and support me at the same time through my personal link: https://dutch-passion.com/?a_aid=GGD I would truly appreciate every bit of feedback, help, questions, or discussions – and of course, your likes and interactions mean the world to me as I try to stand out in this exciting competition! Let’s grow together – and don’t forget to stop by again to see the latest updates! Happy growing! Stay lifted and stay curious! Peace & Buds!

Scusate se ho saltato delle settimane del diario ma ho altre 60 piante a cui stare dietro alle legature dei rami,ho applicato il fimming in fioritura e i fiori sotto si sono gonfiati provate per credere,non dovete tagliare molto ma solo i primi 2 mm del fiore,le piante orange sherbet sono state coltivate in contenitori diversi,uno air pot da 11 lt ed è la pianta già pronta per la raccolta,e l'altra in uno smart pot da 20 lt e la pianta sta ancora crescendo e formando i fiori,bellissima genetica,agli inizi pensavo male per via della grandezza,ma devo dire che è molto resistente e cresce molto se gli dai lo spazio. Grazie Grow diares

Buds are stacking nicely on every plant starting to get smells now. Cannot wait until they Start fading. It is one of my favorite parts of growing cannabis and fast bugs. Really knows how to steal the show when it comes to fade.🔥💯

Putting on bulk! Day 49 About 2 weeks left for this I reckon!

🍼Greenhouse Feeding BioGrow ⛺️MARSHYDRO The ⛺️ has a small door 🚪 on the sides which is useful for mid section groom room work. 🤩 ☀️ by VIPARSPECTRA (models: P2000 & XS 2000)