Yellow butterfly came to see me the other day; that was nice. Starting to show signs of stress on the odd leaf, localized isolated blips, blemishes, who said growing up was going to be easy! Smaller leaves have less surface area for stomata to occupy, so the stomata are packed more densely to maintain adequate gas exchange. Smaller leaves might have higher stomatal density to compensate for their smaller size, potentially maximizing carbon uptake and minimizing water loss. Environmental conditions like light intensity and water availability can influence stomatal density, and these factors can affect leaf size as well. Leaf development involves cell division and expansion, and stomatal differentiation is sensitive to these processes. In essence, the smaller leaf size can lead to a higher stomatal density due to the constraints of available space and the need to optimize gas exchange for photosynthesis and transpiration. In the long term, UV-B radiation can lead to more complex changes in stomatal morphology, including effects on both stomatal density and size, potentially impacting carbon sequestration and water use. In essence, UV-B can be a double-edged sword for stomata: It can induce stomatal closure and potentially reduce stomatal size, but it may also trigger an increase in stomatal density as a compensatory mechanism. It is generally more efficient for gas exchange to have smaller leaves with a higher stomatal density, rather than large leaves with lower stomatal density. This is because smaller stomata can facilitate faster gas exchange due to shorter diffusion pathways, even though they may have the same total pore area as fewer, larger stomata. Leaf size tends to decrease in colder climates to reduce heat loss, while larger leaves are more common in warmer, humid environments. Plants in arid regions often develop smaller leaves with a thicker cuticle and/or hairs to minimize water loss through transpiration. Conversely, plants in wet environments may have larger leaves and drip tips to facilitate water runoff. Leaf size and shape can vary based on light availability. For example, leaves in shaded areas may be larger and thinner to maximize light absorption. Leaf mass per area (LMA) can be higher in stressful environments with limited nutrients, indicating a greater investment in structural components for protection and critical resource conservation. Wind speed, humidity, and soil conditions can also influence leaf morphology, leading to variations in leaf shape, size, and surface characteristics. Small leaves: Reduce water loss in arid or cold climates. Environmental conditions significantly affect gene expression in plants. Plants are sessile organisms, meaning they cannot move to escape unfavorable conditions, so they rely on gene expression to adapt to their surroundings. Environmental factors like light, temperature, water, and nutrient availability can trigger changes in gene expression, allowing plants to respond to and survive in diverse environments. Depending on the environment a young seedling encounters, the developmental program following seed germination could be skotomorphogenesis in the dark or photomorphogenesis in the light. Light signals are interpreted by a repertoire of photoreceptors followed by sophisticated gene expression networks, eventually resulting in developmental changes. The expression and functions of photoreceptors and key signaling molecules are highly coordinated and regulated at multiple levels of the central dogma in molecular biology. Light activates gene expression through the actions of positive transcriptional regulators and the relaxation of chromatin by histone acetylation. Small regulatory RNAs help attenuate the expression of light-responsive genes. Alternative splicing, protein phosphorylation/dephosphorylation, the formation of diverse transcriptional complexes, and selective protein degradation all contribute to proteome diversity and change the functions of individual proteins. Photomorphogenesis, the light-driven developmental changes in plants, significantly impacts gene expression. It involves a cascade of events where light signals, perceived by photoreceptors, trigger changes in gene expression patterns, ultimately leading to the development of a plant in response to its light environment. Genes are expressed, not dictated! While having the potential to encode proteins, genes are not automatically and constantly active. Instead, their expression (the process of turning them into proteins) is carefully regulated by the cell, responding to internal and external signals. This means that genes can be "turned on" or "turned off," and the level of expression can be adjusted, depending on the cell's needs and the surrounding environment. In plants, genes are not simply "on" or "off" but rather their expression is carefully regulated based on various factors, including the cell type, developmental stage, and environmental conditions. This means that while all cells in a plant contain the same genetic information (the same genes), different cells will express different subsets of those genes at different times. This regulation is crucial for the proper functioning and development of the plant. When a green plant is exposed to red light, much of the red light is absorbed, but some is also reflected back. The reflected red light, along with any blue light reflected from other parts of the plant, can be perceived by our eyes as purple. Carotenoids absorb light in blue-green region of the visible spectrum, complementing chlorophyll's absorption in the red region. They safeguard the photosynthetic machinery from excessive light by activating singlet oxygen, an oxidant formed during photosynthesis. Carotenoids also quench triplet chlorophyll, which can negatively affect photosynthesis, and scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can damage cellular proteins. Additionally, carotenoid derivatives signal plant development and responses to environmental cues. They serve as precursors for the biosynthesis of phytohormones such as abscisic acid () and strigolactones (SLs). These pigments are responsible for the orange, red, and yellow hues of fruits and vegetables, while acting as free scavengers to protect plants during photosynthesis. Singlet oxygen (¹O₂) is an electronically excited state of molecular oxygen (O₂). Singlet oxygen is produced as a byproduct during photosynthesis, primarily within the photosystem II (PSII) reaction center and light-harvesting antenna complex. This occurs when excess energy from excited chlorophyll molecules is transferred to molecular oxygen. While singlet oxygen can cause oxidative damage, plants have mechanisms to manage its production and mitigate its harmful effects. Singlet oxygen (¹O₂) is considered a reactive oxygen species (ROS). It's a form of oxygen with higher energy and reactivity compared to the more common triplet oxygen found in its ground state. Singlet oxygen is generated both in biological systems, such as during photosynthesis in plants, and in cellular processes, and through chemical and photochemical reactions. While singlet oxygen is a ROS, it's important to note that it differs from other ROS like superoxide (O₂⁻), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), and hydroxyl radicals (OH) in its formation, reactivity, and specific biological roles. Non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) protects plants from damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) by dissipating excess light energy as heat. This process reduces the overexcitation of photosynthetic pigments, which can lead to the production of ROS, thus mitigating the potential for photodamage. Zeaxanthin, a carotenoid pigment, plays a crucial role in photoprotection in plants by both enhancing non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS). In high-light conditions, zeaxanthin is synthesized from violaxanthin through the xanthophyll cycle, and this zeaxanthin then facilitates heat dissipation of excess light energy (NPQ) and quenches harmful ROS. The Issue of Singlet Oxygen!! ROS Formation: Blue light, with its higher energy photons, can promote the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), including singlet oxygen, within the plant. Potential Damage: High levels of ROS can damage cellular components, including proteins, lipids, and DNA, potentially impacting plant health and productivity. Balancing Act: A balanced spectrum of light, including both blue and red light, is crucial for mitigating the harmful effects of excessive blue light and promoting optimal plant growth and stress tolerance. The Importance of Red Light: Red light (especially far-red) can help to mitigate the negative effects of excessive blue light by: Balancing the Photoreceptor Response: Red light can influence the activity of photoreceptors like phytochrome, which are involved in regulating plant responses to different light wavelengths. Enhancing Antioxidant Production: Red and blue light can stimulate the production of antioxidants, which help to neutralize ROS and protect the plant from oxidative damage. Optimizing Photosynthesis: Red light is efficiently used in photosynthesis, and its combination with blue light can lead to increased photosynthetic efficiency and biomass production. In controlled environments like greenhouses and vertical farms, optimizing the ratio of blue and red light is a key strategy for promoting healthy plant growth and yield. Understanding the interplay between blue light signaling, ROS production, and antioxidant defense mechanisms can inform breeding programs and biotechnological interventions aimed at improving plant stress resistance. In summary, while blue light is essential for plant development and photosynthesis, it's crucial to balance it with other light wavelengths, particularly red light, to prevent excessive ROS formation and promote overall plant health. Oxidative damage in plants occurs when there's an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the plant's ability to neutralize them, leading to cellular damage. This imbalance, known as oxidative stress, can result from various environmental stressors, affecting plant growth, development, and overall productivity. Causes of Oxidative Damage: Abiotic stresses: These include extreme temperatures (heat and cold), drought, salinity, heavy metal toxicity, and excessive light. Biotic stresses: Pathogen attacks and insect infestations can also trigger oxidative stress. Metabolic processes: Normal cellular activities, particularly in chloroplasts, mitochondria, and peroxisomes, can generate ROS as byproducts. Certain chlorophyll biosynthesis intermediates can produce singlet oxygen (1O2), a potent ROS, leading to oxidative damage. ROS can damage lipids (lipid peroxidation), proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids (DNA). Oxidative stress can compromise the integrity of cell membranes, affecting their function and permeability. Oxidative damage can interfere with essential cellular functions, including photosynthesis, respiration, and signal transduction. In severe cases, oxidative stress can trigger programmed cell death (apoptosis). Oxidative damage can lead to stunted growth, reduced biomass, and lower crop yields. Plants have evolved intricate antioxidant defense systems to counteract oxidative stress. These include: Enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and various peroxidases scavenge ROS and neutralize their damaging effects. Antioxidant molecules like glutathione, ascorbic acid (vitamin C), C60 fullerene, and carotenoids directly neutralize ROS. Developing plant varieties with gene expression focused on enhanced antioxidant capacity and stress tolerance is crucial. Optimizing irrigation, fertilization, and other management practices can help minimize stress and oxidative damage. Applying antioxidant compounds or elicitors can help plants cope with oxidative stress. Introducing genes for enhanced antioxidant enzymes or stress-related proteins over generations. Phytohormones, also known as plant hormones, are a group of naturally occurring organic compounds that regulate plant growth, development, and various physiological processes. The five major classes of phytohormones are: auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, ethylene, and abscisic acid. In addition to these, other phytohormones like brassinosteroids, jasmonates, and salicylates also play significant roles. Here's a breakdown of the key phytohormones: Auxins: Primarily involved in cell elongation, root initiation, and apical dominance. Gibberellins: Promote stem elongation, seed germination, and flowering. Cytokinins: Stimulate cell division and differentiation, and delay leaf senescence. Ethylene: Regulates fruit ripening, leaf abscission, and senescence. Abscisic acid (ABA): Plays a role in seed dormancy, stomatal closure, and stress responses. Brassinosteroids: Involved in cell elongation, division, and stress responses. Jasmonates: Regulate plant defense against pathogens and herbivores, as well as other processes. Salicylic acid: Plays a role in plant defense against pathogens. 1. Red and Far-Red Light (Phytochromes): Red light: Primarily activates the phytochrome system, converting it to its active form (Pfr), which promotes processes like stem elongation and flowering. Far-red light: Inhibits the phytochrome system by converting the active Pfr form back to the inactive Pr form. This can trigger shade avoidance responses and inhibit germination. Phytohormones: Red and far-red light regulate phytohormones like auxin and gibberellins, which are involved in stem elongation and other growth processes. 2. Blue Light (Cryptochromes and Phototropins): Blue light: Activates cryptochromes and phototropins, which are involved in various processes like stomatal opening, seedling de-etiolation, and phototropism (growth towards light). Phytohormones: Blue light affects auxin levels, influencing stem growth, and also impacts other phytohormones involved in these processes. Example: Blue light can promote vegetative growth and can interact with red light to promote flowering. 3. UV-B Light (UV-B Receptors): UV-B light: Perceived by UVR8 receptors, it can affect plant growth and development and has roles in stress responses, like UV protection. Phytohormones: UV-B light can influence phytohormones involved in stress responses, potentially affecting growth and development. 4. Other Colors: Green light: Plants are generally less sensitive to green light, as chlorophyll reflects it. Other wavelengths: While less studied, other wavelengths can also influence plant growth and development through interactions with different photoreceptors and phytohormones. Key Points: Cross-Signaling: Plants often experience a mix of light wavelengths, leading to complex interactions between different photoreceptors and phytohormones. Species Variability: The precise effects of light color on phytohormones can vary between different plant species. Hormonal Interactions: Phytohormones don't act in isolation; their interactions and interplay with other phytohormones and environmental signals are critical for plant responses. The spectral ratio of light (the composition of different colors of light) significantly influences a plant's hormonal balance. Different wavelengths of light are perceived by specific photoreceptors in plants, which in turn regulate the production and activity of various plant hormones (phytohormones). These hormones then control a wide range of developmental processes.

Final and longest week lol I dried these lady’s for 7 days in the tent I grew them in. The tent was around 73F-75F temperature. I used a humidifier to keep the humidity in between 55 and 60. I hung them on the trellis netting. Once they dried I trimmed and put them into jars.

HELLO GROWING FRIENDS - Please look at my Aftermovie Growvideo, which cost me about 4 hours to create. hope you like it! Day 72: The Finale 🌿🌟 It’s finally time. My very first grow is coming to an end—at least the cultivation phase. The plant is now ready for harvest, and I can’t believe how incredible this journey has been. I never expected to enjoy the whole process so much—from nurturing the plants to watching them grow and evolve. I’m absolutely hooked and can’t wait to dive into the next steps: harvesting, drying, curing, and of course, starting a new grow soon with fresh ideas and experiments! While it may not be the largest yield, the quality of the buds speaks for itself. The time, love, and care I’ve put into this grow is visible, and I’m pretty proud of the results. I’ll admit, I was a bit impatient at times (which I think every first-timer can relate to 😅), but the experience was priceless. Here are a few interesting highlights from my trimming and harvest process: 1️⃣ Dark Phase Before Harvest Two days before harvest, I put the plant in complete darkness to encourage resin production. I'm not sure if it really made a difference, but it was worth trying! 2️⃣ Wet Trim vs. Dry Trim I decided to go for a wet trim because the buds were really dense, and I wanted to avoid any risk of mold. I’ve read that wet trimming can speed up drying and may slightly impact the quality, but this is part of the learning experience. Next time, I’ll try a dry trim for comparison! 3️⃣ Yield Update Wet, the total came in at 209 grams from my plant. Trimming took around three hours, and it was actually a lot of fun, despite the time commitment. 4️⃣ Curing Plan The buds are now hanging in the tent for about 8 days. Once dried, they’ll go into jars with Boveda Packs (62% humidity) for another 3 weeks of curing. I'll update the smoke report once they’re fully cured, but I’ve already had a sample of the same strain from a friend, and I can say it’s pretty amazing. Final Thoughts on My Grow 🌱✨ As mentioned earlier, this grow has been an absolutely incredible experience, and it has definitely set me on a path to jump right into my next grow. There were ups and downs along the way, such as over-pruning, which I believe stressed the plants a bit. Additionally, I think they could have benefited from an extra week to mature. We also faced many temperature fluctuations this summer, which impacted the plants due to external weather conditions. I’m really pleased with the quality of the buds. The quantity is okay—I can’t fully gauge it yet—but I’m sure there’s more potential to unlock. I’ve gained valuable experience in what worked well and what didn’t. Overall, the countless lessons learned during this grow far outweigh the few mistakes made. I’m incredibly proud of my first results! As this long journey comes to an end, I want to thank everyone who followed along. I hope you enjoyed all the content. In that spirit, happy growing, and see you next time! 🌟

Dane, We all should help one another. Human beings are like that. We should live by each other’s happiness - not by each other’s misery. We don’t want to hate and despise one another, share the Joint. And mother earth is rich and can provide for everyone. We can Grow enough Happiness, In this paradise, there is room for everyone. We only exist to bring joy into the world and The way of life can be free and beautiful, but we have lost the way. Grow High and Give the world A smile. At the end we own nothing more then all our memories, lets make them amazing for everyone, nothing to loose only everything to win. A last kiss goodby, a second one, softer and long as a sign, that you are woth it. That Everyone worth who loved and give. Enought Hippie Talk, now have a nice day and an even better grow, thx for watching by. ((From Seed 🌱 week report: (49 refill bucket 4L

20cm vertical growth this week!! Things going well. Probably entering flowering in the next week.

Start of week 14 (Day 49) 9/20/25 Fed with water 9/20/25 Fed with 1/4 strength of nutrients 9/23/24 Flushed with water 9/26/25

Ciao a tutti! Settimana spettacolare! I fiori sono veramente raddoppiati, non ho mai avuto tutto questo profumo che mi invade letteralmente tutta casa e oltre, veramente uno spettacolo, dolcissimo, fruttato! 😂🤣 non sono mai riuscito ad ottenere tutti questi tricomi e terpeni vari, non vedo l'ora di raccogliere! Ancora una settimana / 10 giorni di acqua fertilizzata poi penserò al flush! 20 giorni scarsi e ci siamo 🤩🤩🤩🍀🍀🍀😎😎😎💪🏼💪🏼💪🏼

Perfect

En general me encanto cultivar esta genética, siempre fue la primer genética que quise cultivar desde que empecé en esto y no me decepciono en lo absoluto, de una sola semilla obtuve 106 gramos de flores de gran calidad 😃 increíble para ser mi primer cosecha con semillas de bancos, ya quiero ver que resulta en la próxima cosecha ya con más experiencia y mejor equipo 🤩

A week full of events, one of the main branches broke, thank god so late in flower and during flush. It also gave me a rough idea of the harvest, that single branch made quite a good amount of weight but see yourself in the video.

..

Day 65 - Pics/Vids..... Everything looks good......stress bent them into position and defoliated ..... lots of flowering now..... ..... hadn't actually measured them for awhile, and updated the height, 44 cm .... tested out the lights higher, 40cm away, and seemed to slow down growth... so moved em back, 20-25cm... watering is the same, bottom saucer feeding, 850-1000 ppm dutch master one flower 5-8ml/lt.... actually using about 12-15ml / 1.8l....... Day 70 (10 wks) - Pulled em both out of tent, flushed em and trimmed em abit, took some pics/vids in the sunshine. ...... the soil started smelling bad, - stale, moldy, damp, soil smell..... so i did a full flush out on both.... noticed afew gnats, been afew since the start, but haven't really been many.... i'm going to try out a UV bulb, and also a usb uv led bug trap ..... just ordered them.... posted a pic of both... see if they are any good..... 😎

Hi all and thanks again for watching my post🤗. From now it's all about waiting and patience😁. Next step is flushing, I think to start next week. I let the pictures and grow log to speak. Peace✌️

So... It's that time again, I was planning on keeping her going for another 11 days but the trichomes are telling me differently, they are around 10% amber, with 70% cloudy and 20% clear. Personally, I like slightly speedy highs, and not such a fan of couch lock. So, she will be chopped in 4 days time (D121 - F74). I have cut back the nutrients, water is around 500ppm now, leaves on the top of the canopy are yellowing. The pistols have turned a pinky brown, and there is a real difference in smell these past few days, proper heavy dank smell. I will be swapping out the water for a final flush on D118 - F71. She will be in the dark for for the last 48 hours and temps will stay at 16ºc. She will be wet trimmed, a cola at a time, and then hung in my grow room in the dark at 55% RH and approx 14 - 16ºc. I will post one last flowering week once she is hung up in 6 days time or so, and then will post harvest details once she's dry enough to go into jars. Happy growing all!

Las podas han retrasado el crecimiento bastante. Creo que las plantas acabarán por rellenar todo el espacio pero no estoy seguro. Ahora se ven bien los pelos blancos.

First week of full flower, clear budsites and she’s stretch good! LST is really keeping all budsites relatively same size and all getting super purple/black