My homework. Rubisco regeneration is intrinsically linked to nitrogen supply because Rubisco is a major sink for nitrogen in plants, typically accounting for 15% to over 25% of total leaf nitrogen. The regeneration phase itself consumes nitrogen through the synthesis of the Rubisco enzyme and associated proteins (like Rubisco activase), and overall nitrogen status heavily influences the efficiency of RuBP regeneration.Structural Component: Nitrogen is an essential building block for all proteins, and the sheer abundance of the Rubisco protein makes it the single largest storage of nitrogen in the leaf. Synthesis and Activity: Adequate nitrogen supply is crucial for the synthesis and maintenance of sufficient Rubisco enzyme and Rubisco activase (Rca), the regulatory protein responsible for maintaining Rubisco's active state. Nitrogen deficiency leads to a decrease in the content and activity of both Rubisco and Rca, which in turn limits the maximum carboxylation rate, Vmax, and the rate of RuBP regeneration Jmax, thus reducing overall photosynthetic capacity. Nitrogen Storage and Remobilization: Rubisco can act as a temporary nitrogen storage protein, which is degraded to remobilize nitrogen to other growing parts of the plant, especially under conditions of nitrogen deficiency or senescence. Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE): The allocation of nitrogen to Rubisco is a key determinant of a plant's photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency (PNUE). In high-nitrogen conditions, plants may accumulate a surplus of Rubisco, which may not be fully activated, leading to a lower PNUE. Optimizing the amount and activity of Rubisco relative to nitrogen availability is a target for improving crop NUE. Photorespiration and Nitrogen Metabolism: Nitrogen metabolism is also linked to the photorespiration pathway (which competes with carboxylation at the Rubisco active site), particularly in the reassimilation of ammonia released during the process. To increase RuBisCO regeneration, which refers to the process of forming the CO2 acceptor molecule Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) during photosynthesis, the primary methods involve optimizing the levels and activity of Rubisco activase (Rca) and enhancing the performance of other Calvin-Benson-Bassham (CBB) cycle enzymes. Biochemical and Environmental Approaches: Optimize Rubisco Activase (Rca) activity: Rca is a crucial chaperone protein that removes inhibitory sugar phosphates, such as CA1P (2-carboxy-D-arabinitol 1-phosphate), from the Rubisco active site, thus maintaining its catalytic competence. •Ensure optimal light conditions: Rca is light-activated via the chloroplast's redox status. Adequate light intensity ensures Rca can effectively maintain Rubisco in its active, carbamylated state. •Maintain optimal temperature: Rca is highly temperature-sensitive and can become unstable at moderately high temperatures (e.g., above 35°C/95F° in many C3 plants), which decreases its ability to activate Rubisco. Maintaining temperatures within the optimal range for a specific plant species is important. •Optimize Mg2+ concentration: Mg2+ is a key cofactor for both Rubisco carbamylation and Rca activity. In the light, Mg2+ concentration in the chloroplast stroma increases, promoting activation. •Manage ATP/ADP ratio: Rca activity depends on ATP hydrolysis and is inhibited by ADP. Conditions that maintain a high ATP/ADP ratio in the chloroplast stroma favor Rca activity. Enhance Calvin-Benson-Bassham (CBB) cycle enzyme activity: The overall rate of RuBP regeneration can be limited by other enzymes in the cycle. •Increase SBPase activity: Sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase (SBPase) is a key regulatory enzyme in the regeneration pathway, and increasing its activity can enhance RuBP regeneration and overall photosynthesis. •Optimize other enzymes: Overexpression of other CBB cycle enzymes such as fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (FBA) and triose phosphate isomerase (TPI) can also help to balance the metabolic flux and improve RuBP regeneration capacity. Magnesium ions, Mg2+, are specifically required for Rubisco activation because the cation plays a critical structural and chemical role in forming the active site: A specific lysine residue in the active site must be carbamylated by a CO2 molecule to activate the enzyme. The resulting negatively charged carbamyl group then facilitates the binding of the positively charged Mg2+ion. While other divalent metal ions like Mn2+ can bind to Rubisco, they alter the enzyme's substrate specificity and lead to dramatically lower activity or a higher rate of the non-productive oxygenation reaction compared to Mg2+, making them biologically unfavorable in the context of efficient carbon fixation. The concentration of Mg2+ in the chloroplast stroma naturally increases in the light due to ion potential balancing during ATP synthesis, providing a physiological mechanism to ensure the enzyme is activated when photosynthesis is possible. At the center of the porphyrin ring, nestled within its nitrogen atoms, is a Magnesium ion (Mg2+). This magnesium ion is crucial for the function of chlorophyll, and without it, the pigment cannot effectively capture and transfer light energy. Mg acts as a cofactor: Mg2+ binds to Rubisco after an activator CO2 molecule, forming a catalytically competent complex (Enzyme-CO2-Mg2+). High light + CO2) increases demand: Under high light (60 DLI is a very high intensity, potentially saturating) and high CO2, the plant's capacity for photosynthesis is high, and thus the demand for activated Rubisco and the necessary Mg2+ cofactor increases. Mg deficiency becomes limiting: If Mg2+ is deficient under these conditions, the higher levels of Rubisco and Rubisco activase produced cannot be fully activated, leading to lower photosynthetic rates and potential photo-oxidative damage. Optimal range: Studies show that adequate Mg2+ application can enhance Rubisco activation and stabilize net photosynthetic rates under stress conditions, but the required concentration is specific to the experimental setup. Monitoring is key: The most effective approach in a controlled environment is to monitor the plant's physiological responses e.g., leaf Mg2+ concentration, photosynthetic rate, Rubisco activation state, and adjust the nutrient solution/fertilizer to maintain adequate levels, rather than supplementing a fixed "extra" amount. In practice, this means ensuring that Mg2+ is not a limiting factor in the plant's standard nutrient solution when pushing the limits with high light and CO2. Applying Mg2+ through foliar spray is beneficial to Rubisco regeneration, particularly in alleviating the negative effects of magnesium (Mg) deficiency and high-temperature stress (HTS). While Mg can be leached from soil, within the plant it is considered a mobile nutrient, particularly in the phloem. Foliar-applied Mg is quickly absorbed by the leaves and can be translocate to other plant parts, including new growth and sink organs. Foliar application of: NATURES VERY OWN MgSO4 @ 15.0g L-1 in a spray bottle. Foliar sprays are often recommended as a rapid rescue measure for existing deficiencies or as a supplement during critical growth stages, when demand for Mg is high. Application in the early morning or late evening can improve absorption and prevent leaf burn. The starting point [of creativity] is curiosity: pondering why the default exists in the first place. We’re driven to question defaults when we experience vuja de, the opposite of déjà vu. Déjà vu occurs when we encounter something new, but it feels as if we’ve seen it before. Vuja de is the reverse—we face something familiar, but we see it with a fresh perspective that enables us to gain new insights into old problems.

Hey so the girls finished the end of week 6 looking super happy again 😊 this hasn't been easy this run watering I've had quite a few mistakes on my part overwatering though giving the girls an extra day between watering seriously helped under LEDs . The girls are growing amazing and some girls are in the ending stages of there flowering cycle putting on weight and growing dense buds , at the moment the girls scout cookie's is gonna be finished for week 8 dead on and is ultra dense , something I've noticed with these girls , thicker stems , more support , denser flowers and overall general health seems really improved moving away from the HPS , going to start some on Terra aquatica RIPEN for thoes colours coming to the end of flower 🌼 This week I'm able to describe weather they taken there indica hybird or sativa genetics also weather growth is going well or bad depending on specific strains . All girls are now in flower so there colours are starting to show in one of the dosidos having nice purple buds 💜 Girl scout cookie's Amazing growth from the smallest plant is nearly at harvest with massive dense nugs its truly a little freak of a plant displaying the purple leaves underneath The other girl scout cookie's is doing amazing and was left to grow normally the other in LST went hermi on me 2 weeks previously which was a sure disappointment being my biggest plant at that time but growth seems great on this strain for harvest times although plants are smaller than I normally get the yeild might surprise us at the end 😀 Gorilla glue Sporting a solid structure and vigour like I've only ever seen on anything containing gorilla glue genetics and going into late flower now , one plant is seriously feeding a high level of nutes , greedy beware and make sure to keep plenty of everything at hand for max growth . Some leaves are starting to show slight defenices alothough im not worried as towards end of flower this plant is ģonna look seriously cool Runtz 🚫 Girls are gonna be the biggest yeilders thanks to thoes skittles and hybird gentics coming from this strain donating its sativa high yeilds to this plant , two are late flower one is still stretching and is the biggest girl in the room by number of leaves and size , these strains end LST to provide enough space and light for these girl to promote there best traits . Feeding these girls are modest and not overall big feeders so it's not bad growing for beginners these girls will need to get a good few of there fan leaves removed to promote airflow and heat exchange Dosidos Girls are starting to pick up now , one has even rewarded us with out of this world purple buds 💜 I love my purple 💜 Growing well under LST although they has a slow start they seem to be picking up so heigh and I do reckon I'll get at least 28 grams a plant Lemon haze I've always misjudge the sativa strains as uncontrollable for a small room but I've been mistaken as these are looking to be good yeilder cant wait to see if the buds stack up Blueberry Very tempermental, this is such a hard strain to keep happy in general it's been a pain in the arse , I've really nothing against the seedbank and I do think some of the problems related to me but the other strains seemed to be okay and respond quicker to mistakes with watering Headlight kush auto These are the same very tempermental and a decent strain but doesn't have great vigour like the ZAMNESIA seeds seem to be looking great and growing amazing these girls would need another run but at the moment I'm not happy about overall growth

Flower Week 5 and they are getting bigger

I am very excited that the stress is over, and continues growing healthy, today I will change it to a bigger pot and I think that this will be the best genetics

Eccoci qui... Per problemi di lavoro ho tardato un pò la pubblicazione delle foto, la piccola purtroppo ha subito un forte stress durante le settimane precedenti e ad ora sta un pò meglio ma comunque ne ha risentito. E' la piccola con più resina e mi fa ben sperare nel risultato finale... Grazie a tutti per il supporto, NON VEDO L'ORA DI RACCOGLIERLA 🔥🌲❤️

Todo excelente un monstruo este variedad estábamos con 240w ahora con 360w Desde ahora solo agua y bacteria estas 2semanas

Day 12 since flip. Not too much to report, we’re going thru the early flower stretch. Plants are enjoying the environment and are perked up. During this time we slowly ramp the lights up about 1-2% each day until we get to about 80%, that’s usually the max I can run this light in a 4x4. Slowly ramping up the light can avoid the stress caused by blasting your plants all at once. I’ve seen too many stress herms in early flower caused by too intense light. We will also begin to lower humidity by about 3% each week to increase VPD as the plants begin a higher rate of transpiration. We will also do a final clean up of the lower skirts again probably around day 21 (after they have finished their stretch) to ensure energy is directed towards top colas, and to ensure no funny business (herms) are going on underneath which is always a possibility with feminized seeds VPD: 1.22 🌡️: 78 Fahrenheit 💦: 60% 💡: 55% @ 20 inches (550 Ppfd) Just plain tap water until medium is saturated. Currently each lady gets about one gallon of water every 4 days.

Week 2 begins for Green Crack and LSD. Both ladies are looking happy and I increased their feed by 1 liter each. Thanks for stopping by growfessors 👽 tune in next week for another episode of growfessor theatre.

I have a new light with a bloom setting hopefully that will make a nice flowering. Got a new fan for air circulation. The new light has cooling fans. Haven't noticed any burns so im happy with my order. If you look at the last few pictures my tent is home made and cheap very cheap. The lights not an expensive one but I think its fine for now.

May 8th, the trellis is getting filled out but the biggest plant is still looking bare and small

D36/V32 - 06/05/23 - SCROG net added. Some LST D37/V33 - 07/05/23 - LST on SCROG D38/V34 - 08/05/23 - LST on SCROG D39/V35 - 09/05/23 - LST on SCROG D40/V36 - 10/05/23 - LST on SCROG D41/V37 - 11/05/23 - 👉 Water Change - Pure water for 2 days she's going to bloom D42/V38 - 12/05/23 - 👉 second day of flush

4 settimana di fioritura.belle piantine mie continuate a fare dei bei fiori grandi e terapeutici 😂🙏😉.......... questa è la settimana che iniziano a gonfiare le cime.che i bei fiori prendono forma e profumo... adesso gli farò il lavaggio radici per un paio di settimane e via......

Week 0 Day 1 Alrighty my first grow ever but I’ve done my research through growweedeasy.com. And I’ve decided to go with 70/30 mix of coco coir and pelucite into 5 gallon fabric pots dosed with Cal Mag; and I’m planning on feeding it with FloraTrio next week. Week 0 Day 2 They split around hour 19! Gonna wait for it to grow a little more then transfer into rapid rooter that came with the kit. Just Transferred into the rooter and keeping it warm on top of my pc, hoping to see some sort of sprouting by day 3/4 and good weather to transfer these babies over. So far, I’m just keeping the ziplok bag moist with 5.5-6.5 pH balanced water. Week 0 Day 3 Transferred the rooters into the final pot for the rest of their growth, these puppies are fast growers ! pH is a consistent 6.0, and I’m keeping them in my garage since it’s 60F outside. Hoping for warmer weather, at least when she sprouts her first couple of leaves. Week 0 Day 4 Just transferred the pots outside, hoping to get those sprouts some fresh sunlight. And hoping the good weather holds up. I think I should be able to start the coco coir nutrient schedule tomorrow. Going to base it off this schedule, Week 1 ( https://www.growweedeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/coco-coir-flora-series-schedule.pdf ) Week 0 Day 5 Growth has been good so far, unfortunately it seems like one of the super lemon haze girlies didn’t make it :( i’ve started to feed them the nutrients from the seedling section of the schedule. Keeping an eye out for any changes. Week 0 Day 6 Spotted a couple of aphids, gonna look into natural insecticides/ordering ladybugs as a natural predator.

El patrón Primera Semana Floración : hola buenas hemos empezado a hechar el producto Grotek de floracion mis chicas están preparado para empezar la floración ☺️

2fast4buds Autoflower Genetics Veg4: 01. Bruce Banner Auto 02. OG Kush Auto (a week younger than the others)* 03. Lemon AK Auto 04. Wedding Cheesecake Auto Weiter mit LST. Die Wedding Cheesecake nochmals getoppt. Sie wächst schnell :-) Alle reagieren gut auf den Stress. Abstand LED Lampe(Dimmer auf 50%) zu den Pflanzen angepasst auf 40 cm. Höher gestellt aufgrund gelb werdener Spitzen. Zu starkes Licht ? mmhh...also Beobachten. Überfütterung, Verbrennung schließe ich aus. Pflanzentöpfe werden täglich um ein viertel gedreht. Entlaubung durchgeführt. Danke für das Interesse.. stay tuned & nice greets

Hola y gracias por pasarte a ver mi diario. Conocí esta variedad hace 20 años. En 2001, en mi pueblo, mi padre y sus amigos cultivaban una marihuana a la que llamaban "Madre", hacían crecer plantas de hasta 4 metros de alto y otros tantos de ancho, verdaderos monstruos del cultivo de guerrilla en las montañas del levante español. Cuando, con 18 años la probé, supe que era algo realmente especial, era una época en la que los viajes a Ámsterdam eran habituales y de vez en cuando algún amigo traía alguna muestra de lo mejor que encontraba; pues bien, siempre decíamos que si esta "Madre" estuviese en los coffee shops Holandeses podría competir y desbancar a muchos mitos de aquella época. Cuando le pedí a José, uno de los amigos de mi padre que mantenía la especie, que me explicase más sobre esta variedad me decía que sólo me la podía pasar en esqueje, ya que no habían estabilizado la cepa y las semillas tenían fenotipos muy variopintos. Estuve 2 años pudiendo cultivar dicho esqueje (hoy en día conocido como el Clon Mario), con muy buenos resultados, pero con 18 años mis habilidades como cultivador eran escasas, mi conocimiento sobre esquejado y mantenimiento de madres era nulo y acabé perdiendo aquel clon, posteriormente y por redadas policiales en aquellas montañas todo aquel que mantenía durante años esta genética acabo perdiéndola, conservando semillas que nunca llegaron al nivel de la cepa original. Hasta que Mario Bellandi, creador de la variedad, y su banco de semillas Delicatessen Seeds consiguieron estabilizarla mediante semillas regulares y feminizadas. En 2014 compré un paquete de semillas feminizadas y el resultado fue más que bueno, recordando sin duda a aquella joya ancestral pero sin llegar al nivel del Clon original. Esta vez cultivé la Reina Madre partiendo de 3 semillas regulares y el resultado creo que ha sido aún más próximo al original, lo cual es todo un éxito para mí. Una de las 3 semillas murió antes de llegar a la madurez y las otras dos resultaron ser dos hembras, muy parecidas entre sí. Una la puse en maceta de 50L y la otra en maceta de 20L. Las plantas crecieron sin ningún problema excepto alguna carencia que presentó antes de tiempo, especialmente de nitrógeno. Al ser un cultivo 100% orgánico y únicamente con riegos de agua del grifo sin añadir abonos líquidos era esperable, aunque el resultado final me deja muy satisfecho. Además, el hecho de añadir todos los nutrientes al sustrato me ha permitido facilitar la tarea del riego y no tener que realizar el lavado de raíces. La planta que se desarrolló en una maceta de 20L ha producido 120g de cogollos secos, esponjosos, espigados y con una relación flores/hojas bastante buena. La planta que puse en maceta de 50L sufrió la podredumbre del tronco principal y tuve que cortarla antes de tiempo, desechando buena parte de la producción, aun así he obtenido de ella 80g de rica yerba old school. El olor de las flores húmedas era bastante intenso y con matices cítricos y especiados. Respecto a plagas y enfermedades ha sido muy resistente, no he apreciado signos de araña roja, pulgón ni trips gracias al aporte de harina de Neem en el sustrato. Tampoco he sufrido el temido y habitual ataque de las orugas (ni la oruga de las hojas ni la del cogollo) gracias a las pulverizaciones en las fechas clave con Bacillus Thuringiensis. Tampoco se ha visto afectada por el Oídio que normalmente aparece al final de la floración en la zona donde vivo, ni tampoco de botrytis , por lo que la pastilla de Micorrizas y Trichodermas ha funcionado a la perfección, no sólo reforzando el sistema radicular sino también frente a los hongos invasores. El clima también me ha acompañado este año, vivo en una zona cálida donde la temperatura suele ser óptima para el cultivo de exterior de cannabis, el mes de mayo llovió algún día de forma agradable, junio, julio y agosto fueron especialmente secos, solo llovió un par de noches a finales de agosto, y septiembre también ha sido muy respetuoso lloviendo solo 2 veces. Por todo esto, siendo la primera vez que elaboro un supersoil, estoy seguro que para la temporada 2022 repetiré el sistema, haciendo algunos ajustes a la mezcla para evitar estas carencias que he comentado. Quiero agradecer a Growdiaries.com la herramienta que nos brinda a los cultivadores (en mi caso cultivador clandestino) para poder realizar el seguimiento de nuestros cultivos y como, en mi caso particular, ha hecho que mi motivación y trabajo hayan sido una constante semana tras semana, por lo que ha influido directamente en el buen resultado final de la cosecha. También agradecer a todo el que pasó por aquí durante el seguimiento ya que me dieron el apoyo necesario para mejorar en mi cultivo. Un saludo. Ferinky