💙 Project Blue Tent – Week 7 Blue Waffle F1 – Pheno A (Folder 13A) Welcome back everyone to another week inside Project Blue Tent! 💙🌱 If you're new here, welcome aboard. This project is all about exploring the incredible Blue Waffle F1 genetics from Zamnesia while putting the complete growing ecosystem through its paces. Rather than documenting four plants as a single diary, each phenotype receives its own individual journey from seed to harvest. They share the same tent, the same environment, the same nutrition, the same irrigation and the same lighting. And yet... They still manage to tell four completely different stories. As I always like to say: We're not just growing plants. We're getting to know them. ──────────────────────── 🌿 Week Seven – The Final Cleanup This week feels like a milestone. The SCROG has done its job. The canopy is full. The plants have established their structure. And now it's time to prepare everything for the next chapter... Flowering. 🌸 Plant A is looking absolutely beautiful at the moment. Her foliage has developed into the rich, healthy green I've been hoping to see, and the overall structure is remarkably balanced. After several weeks of gently guiding branches underneath the SCROG, we've managed to create a canopy that is surprisingly even from one side of the tent to the other. At approximately 60 cm, she's sitting comfortably within the space we've created for her. And although she could certainly continue growing vegetatively, I don't want to simply keep filling the tent with more and more foliage. At some point, you have to stop building the canopy... ...and start preparing it for what comes next. That's exactly where we are now. ──────────────────────── 🕸️ From SCROG to Flower Over the last couple of weeks, the SCROG has completely changed the way these plants occupy the tent. Instead of allowing individual branches to dominate vertically, we've been gently guiding them horizontally beneath the screen. The result is exactly what we were looking for: A broad, relatively even canopy with many developing tops sharing the available light. SCROG isn't about forcing a plant into submission. It's about working with its natural growth and redistributing that growth across the available space. And looking at the tent now... I'd say the mission has been accomplished. The screen is filled. The plants have claimed their territory. Now we need to create the best possible starting point for flowering. Which brings us to this week's main job. ──────────────────────── ✂️ Defoliation – Cleaning Today for a Better Tomorrow This week we're performing a deep, purposeful defoliation across the canopy. For anyone unfamiliar with the technique, defoliation simply means selectively removing leaves from the plant. But it's important to understand what defoliation isn't. It isn't stripping a plant bare. It isn't removing leaves just because they're in the way. And it isn't something that should automatically be performed every week. The purpose is to improve the structure we've already created. After several weeks of SCROG training, there is now a tremendous amount of foliage packed into a relatively small space. While those leaves are essential during vegetative growth, too much overlapping foliage can eventually create unnecessary congestion inside the canopy. So we're removing selected leaves that are: • Blocking developing growth • Creating unnecessary overlap • Restricting airflow through the interior • Shading lower areas that we've decided to retain • Or simply no longer contributing enough to justify occupying that space The goal isn't to make the plant look empty. The goal is to make the plant efficient. ──────────────────────── 🌬️ Why Defoliate Before Flower? Timing is everything. We're doing this now because the plants are still in vegetative growth and have time to recover before we ask them to transition into flowering. Defoliation is a form of stress. Even when performed carefully, removing a significant amount of foliage temporarily changes the plant's balance between its leaves, roots and growing points. That's why I don't want to perform a major cleanup deep into flowering unless there's a very good reason. Right now, the plants can take that short period of recovery while they're still operating under an 18/6 light schedule and actively producing new vegetative growth. After the cleanup, we'll give them time to recover, settle and rebuild their foliage before flipping the lights. The idea is simple: Stress now. Recover now. Flower later. Rather than asking the plant to simultaneously deal with a major transition into flowering and a significant amount of pruning, we're separating those events. One step at a time. That's especially important in a project like this, where I'm trying to observe the plants rather than simply push them as hard as possible. ──────────────────────── 🌿 Plant A – Looking Better Than Ever Plant A continues to impress me. The first thing that stands out this week is the colour. That slightly lighter appearance we saw earlier in the grow has completely disappeared. The foliage is now displaying that rich, healthy green that tells me the current nutritional strategy is working extremely well. She's vigorous without looking excessive. Healthy without showing signs of nutritional stress. And most importantly... She's balanced. Her branches have responded beautifully to the SCROG, and the canopy has developed into a very usable structure for flowering. This is one of those moments where you can look at the plant and realize that the weeks of small adjustments have finally come together. The topping. The recovery. The daily SCROG work. The irrigation. The feeding. The environmental stability. None of those things created this canopy by themselves. They're all pieces of the same puzzle. ──────────────────────── 💧 The Drip Irrigation System One of the things I have become particularly impressed with during this project is the automatic drip irrigation system. It's working beautifully. With the plants now drinking more consistently and the canopy becoming increasingly demanding, having a reliable irrigation system makes maintaining uniformity across the tent considerably easier. Each plant is currently receiving approximately 1.2 L per 24 hours, delivered through the drip system. And the plants are clearly enjoying the consistency. One of the advantages of automated irrigation isn't simply saving time. It's repeatability. Instead of relying on every watering being manually performed at exactly the same interval and volume, the system provides a much more consistent routine for the plants. That consistency becomes increasingly valuable as the root systems develop and the plants transition toward flowering. So far... The system is doing exactly what I wanted it to do. And honestly, watching four plants respond so uniformly to the same irrigation strategy has been one of the most satisfying parts of this project. ──────────────────────── 🥥 Feeding Program The feeding recipe remains unchanged this week. And for now, I don't see a reason to interfere with something that is clearly working. Current nutrition: • Plagron Hydro A — 1.9 ml/L • Plagron Hydro B — 1.9 ml/L • Plagron Hydro Roots — 1 ml/L Current EC remains approximately: 1.92 mS/cm with the solution maintained around 18°C and pH at 5.8. The plants are showing excellent colour, strong growth and healthy leaf development, so I'm perfectly comfortable maintaining the current recipe for now. We may increase the nutritional strength next week depending on how the plants respond after defoliation and as flowering approaches. But that's exactly why I don't like changing several variables at once. First, we observe. Then we adjust. The plants will tell us what they need. ──────────────────────── 🌡️ Environmental Conditions The Blue Tent continues to remain remarkably stable. This week's average conditions were: • 🌡️ Day Temperature: 28°C • 🌙 Night Temperature: 27°C • 💧 Relative Humidity: 65% • 🥥 Substrate Temperature: 24°C • 💦 Nutrient Solution: 18°C • ⚗️ pH: 5.8 • ⚡ EC: 1.92 mS/cm • 💨 CO₂: approximately 450 ppm • 💡 Light Schedule: 18/6 • 💧 Irrigation: approximately 1.2 L/plant/24h • ? Pot Size: 8 L • 📏 Plant Height: approximately 60 cm The plants are continuing to respond beautifully to these conditions. The root-zone temperature remains particularly stable, irrigation is consistent, and the canopy has enough air movement to support vigorous transpiration. As we move toward flowering, environmental management will become even more important. The room we've created now needs to support not only vegetative growth... ...but the much denser flowering structure that is coming next. ──────────────────────── 🌬️ Why the Cleanup Matters One of my main objectives with this defoliation isn't simply aesthetics. It's airflow. When four vigorous plants completely fill a 100 × 100 × 200 cm tent, the amount of foliage inside that space becomes considerable. From above, everything can look absolutely perfect. But underneath that beautiful canopy is another story. Leaves overlap. Branches cross. Interior spaces become crowded. Air needs to move through all of that. By selectively removing excess foliage now, we're opening those internal spaces before flowering begins. That gives us a cleaner structure going forward and makes it much easier to inspect the plants, maintain airflow and monitor the developing flowers. This is also one reason I'm much happier doing the major cleanup before the flip rather than waiting until the plants are deep into flowering. Once flowering begins, the priorities change. I want the plant concentrating its energy on developing flowers rather than repeatedly recovering from major structural work. So we're preparing the room now. Clean canopy. Good airflow. Healthy structure. Then... Flower. ──────────────────────── 🧠 Defoliation Isn't About Removing Leaves One of the biggest misconceptions surrounding defoliation is that more leaves automatically means a worse plant. That's not true. Leaves are incredibly important. They're the plant's solar panels. They capture light and help drive photosynthesis. So the objective should never be: "How many leaves can I remove?" The better question is: "Which leaves are no longer contributing enough to justify occupying this space?" That's the philosophy I'm following here. We're not trying to weaken the plant. We're trying to improve the relationship between: Light → canopy → airflow → growing sites. And because we've already spent weeks creating the structure with SCROG, this cleanup is simply the final refinement of that work. ──────────────────────── 🌱 Plant A's Personality Every phenotype continues to develop its own personality, even when all four plants are living under almost identical conditions. Plant A has consistently been one of the more balanced girls in the tent. She doesn't appear interested in becoming the biggest plant in the room. Instead, she seems much more interested in becoming an efficient one. Her growth is structured. Her canopy is balanced. Her foliage is beautiful. And after weeks of training, she has settled into the SCROG extremely well. Now, after today's cleanup, she looks almost like a different plant. Less crowded. More open. More organized. And ready for the next chapter. That's the part of growing I really enjoy. You spend weeks slowly building something... Then one day you step back and suddenly realize: It all came together. ──────────────────────── 👀 Looking Ahead The next few days will be about one thing: Recovery. No unnecessary training. No chasing perfection. No constantly changing the environment. Just observation. The plants have been through topping. They've been trained beneath the SCROG. They've filled the canopy. And now they've received their final major vegetative cleanup. So we're going to let them breathe. Let them recover. Let them continue growing. And then, assuming everything continues to look as good as it does today... we flip the Blue Tent into flower. 🌸 This is the point where all those weeks of preparation finally start paying off. The screen is full. The structure is ready. The plants are healthy. Now we just need to let them do what plants do best. Grow. ──────────────────────── 💙 Thank You A huge thank you to Zamnesia for making Project Blue Tent possible, from these fantastic Blue Waffle F1 genetics to the complete ecosystem surrounding this grow. A massive thank you to Plagron for providing the Premium Growbags together with the Hydro nutrient line, which continues delivering excellent results and beautifully healthy growth. A special thank you to Mars Hydro for the drip irrigation and automatic drainage system. After watching these plants respond to the consistency of automated irrigation week after week, I'm genuinely impressed with how well the system is performing. Thank you as well to GrowDiaries, for giving growers around the world a place to document their journeys, exchange knowledge and learn from one another. And finally... Thank you to everyone following Project Blue Tent. Every comment, every question, every bit of feedback and every person simply stopping by to see how these four phenotypes are developing means more than you probably realize. We've spent weeks building this canopy together. Now the really exciting part is about to begin. The plants are cleaned. The SCROG has been filled. The room is ready. Flower is next. 🌸💙 Until next week... Growers Love, happy growing, and take care everyone! 🌱💙

8th W/Flower: 8th Feed of #HumboldtCountysOwn Packed, Stacked Up and Lights Upgrading under way! Cloned with my Steady's Saliva!!! 8th w/ Flower: Budz getting Outstandingly Huge, Plump, Dense, Juicy and Everything is Supreme, Savory, Stinky, Sweet, Swelling Out, Skunky and Gasy at thier 8th week of Flower! 8th Week of Flower: 8th Flower Feed of #HumboldtCountysOwn and the Ladies Love the Bloom portion of Nutrients! They're Stacking Up Great and Filling Out thier Mighty Branches with Giant Gorgeous Budz! 5 Confirmed Females!!! It's been a few days since I gave the Ladies thier 8th Feed of #HumboldtCountysOwn Nutrients and they look Fantastically Divine!!! We'll definitely Grow back to everything here soon! 11th w/ Veg and Flowers Update #Pre-Sexed🚺 #SuperCropped #Defoliated #Lollipoped Good Day and Happy Growing Everyone! These Ladies were Growing into thier 11th Week of Veg and Looking Totally Tight and Phenomenally *Femed* from the Right! #Pre-Sexed 4/9/21 #Opium/#PabloEscobar *Fems* breed by Team #DivineSeeds #DivineSeedsSquad #DivineSeedsBreedingCompany and #SuperCropping continued! I'm Very Excited and Extremely Gracious!!! Heck Yeah Growmies and Growmets!!! Check Out these Confirmed Females with thier Wild Pistol Hairs popping and I'm still Training and Widening them Out with #SuperCropping Everything looks Expanded and Growing Great! After #SuperCropping the plant will Grow Bushier, Produce More Buds, and possibly even Produce More THC! This is how the plant naturally responses to danger and protects itself! Growers take advantage of this technique to get Bigger Yields and More Potent Buds than would be produced otherwise! Getting Trained out into thier 11th Week of Veg and Looking Mighty Fine!!! Thier getting Humongous and Hearty in thier 10 gallon Grow Bag from Broski #www.as420.ca These Cannabis plants are Camping out in the Closet for a week or so! Lol This is my 2nd run using the Osree.Light QB1000w and Everything is Mesmerizing!!! My #Opium and #PabloEscobar *Fems* from #DivineSeeds Regs: SalamiLegF3's×2 and FireAlienRomulan look$ Outstandingly Awesome and Growing Up Phenomenally Fine into thier 11th week of Veg in our 2- 10 gallon The Grow Bags from Broski #www.as420.ca and also 2- 5 gallons as Well! Our others are Super and Breed by #thehumancannabiniod #AlienBloodGenetix #TNBNaturals #Foop Yo!!! Thanks Again for All the Love and Support my fellow Growmies and Growmets!!! These Magnificent and Magical Ladies were Growing in our 48×24×60 ViparSpectra Official Club 🌿 ®️ Grow Tent and under our #Osree QB1000w and #GrowStarStore Kokokala QB1000w and our Purple Rose Cutting×2, Aloe Vera Cutting, Maters×3, Morel Mushroom, Lavender×3, Sunflowers×5 and The 5 Brand New and Fresh Starts are Wonderful with a Huge Hint of Fantastical Fire is my #SalamiLegF3×2 by Broski #thehumancannabiniod #DankFlowGenetics #EastCoastSeedBank #FireAlienRomulan by Broski #AlienBloodGenetix my #PabloEscobar and #Opium by Team #DivineSeeds #DivineSeedsBreedingCompany We Grow with #Growatt 600w with #FoopOrangicBioSciences and #TNBNaturals The Enhancer Co2 Despersal canister and ph'd them w/ Declorinated watering w/ TNB ph Up and Down! Totally Top Quality Topz all Around! Thanks Again #GallowGlas420 #HarleyGrower #thehumancannabiniod #AlienBloodGenetix #TNBNATURALS #FoopOrangicBioSciences #www.as420.ca #divineseeds #divineseedssquad #divineseedsbreedingcompany #BioFlux Family's and Teams!!! Your Genetics are Merry Magnificent, Mega Marvelous and Mighty Medical! Love um!!! I really Can't stress enough how Thankful and Grateful I am of All of you and what you've Shared with Us! Means the World!!! It's definitely a Pleasure being able to Grow with these Phenomenal Grow Lights! Please Enjoy! BudBrothers4-Life! Cheers Famz!!! Much Props and Much Topz!💯🔥 #Osree #GrowStarStore #Growatt #TNBNaturals #TNBTeam #FoopOrangics #GrowYourOwn #Bliss HumboldtCounty'sOwn: Email: [email protected] Phone: (707) 725-4119 Toll free: (866) 872-9434 Humboldt Bottling Po Box 429 · Fortuna, CA 95540 HumboldtCounty'sOwn Website Link: https://humboldtcountysown.com/ HumboldtCounty'sOwn Instagram Link: https://instagram.com/humboldtcountysown?igshid=1qj809qkkwych https://instagram.com/osree.light?igshid=1vrsbdyhzg2h8 https://instagram.com/growstarstore?igshid=2yjn0r00r6ru https://instagram.com/divine.seeds?igshid=1r90iwe9xiwz8 https://instagram.com/thehumancannabinoid?igshid=17k159pumklkq https://www.instagram.com/alienblood_genetix_official/ https://instagram.com/as420.ca?igshid=1f116alw054wp The Grow Bags: https://www.as420

Week 8 – Day 59 (BT35) RedPure#4 has stopped stretching and remains steady at 40 cm 📏 She’s now clearly maturing – buds are dense and swelling nicely 🌸🍇 According to the breeder info, she should be done by the end of this week 🕔 Overall, it wasn’t a perfect run, but she’s getting there! 💧 I’m currently using diluted osmotic water, but the drain pH remains stubbornly low – between 5.6 and 5.8. Canna pH+ didn’t work well with Advanced Nutrients, so I’ll be switching back to BioBizz pH+, which helped in a previous grow to raise the pH more reliably 🔧

05/24 - Both have been transplanted into 5 gallon pots - Both are hooked up to the Vivosun smart drip emitter system - I have introduced three new components to their feeds (Silica,Horti Grow and Kelp) - They have been moved into the 3x3 tent from more room under a bigger light - I have dropped the net on them for maximum light exposure - Running the AC infinity supplement for added light exposure to underneath canopy and mid level grow. 😎😎😎😎😎😎😎😎😎😎😎 - Check my IG grow family - IG @GREENPHOENIX6262

Hi 👋 Blüte Tag 62 Langsam aber sicher stapeln sich die Blüten. Die ersten Stigmen sind braun und die Harzproduktion läuft auf Hochtouren. Sie hat sich wirklich zu einer Schönheit entwickelt. Der Zitrus Geruch ist noch vorhanden und ein Nadelwald Duft ist auch erkennbar. Ich freue mich auf die nächtes Wochen. Gruß M.

Still just waiting patiently for her to be finished so I can see what she tastes like she smells pretty good

26/10:Im Struggling a little bit whit temps,i have to open some cms the tent,but if i do it,RH gonna decrease.im compensating by nebulizing and leaving a cup of water inside + humidifier. im preparing water whit nutrients for later. inorder to fix temp issue,before the night i changed setup whit a spudnik i hope i made the right choice. let's see what happen at 19:00! 27/10: increased ph from 5.5 to 6 and increased ppm from 500 to 600.

The phenotype number #3 looks really tiny and small for the days that she is I don't know why is that because she has the same conditions as her sisters.

They look great for free beans 😉🌿 Just topped these girls at going into week 5🔝

3rd week Ladies doing good ,not many changes Watering every day , humidity is around 35-45 switched the time to 24/7 got some automatics in the tent

OMG the smells are becoming so intense, from lemon to the sweet caramel mix with chilies and a touch of pine trees, i think i cant put in words what im smelling and were is taking my mind, but i can tel this, what an amazing combination of fragrances that are flying around The tricomes are shouting up as they become fatter and frostier, all cristal clear so far, i think i still have 3 mb 4 more weeks to harvest, lets see 😜 Just calculate my VPD and it’s 0.98 kPa need to increase this up to 1.2 for now s i’m moving my ligth up a bit and see if it works 🙏🤓🙏 Thank you all for following, comment, like and all 🙏 100 likes 😅🙏 🙌🙌🙌🙌🙌🙌🙌🙌 ❤️❤️❤️❤️ Loving this LED Tec 😍 Girls: 1-BlueBerry 2-Alaskan Purple 3-Poyote Gorilla 4-Hindu Kush 5-Whitw Mango 6-Super Glue 7-Badazz Cookies 8-S.A.D. tent -8x8 / 2.4x2.4 but i'm only using 1/2 so 4x4 / 1.2x1.2 Led - Lumatek 465w Compact Pro at 100% All i Grow is medicine for myself, Stay safe, stay tuned and B Happy Peace out D

Welcome to my Fast Buds sponsored shootout and living organic soil v coco side by side. I also plan to use this grow to my full advantage regarding a few age old nagging questions about methods. I have had a keen interest in L.O.S ( supersoil) since reading a few threads a while back on how amazing and productive it can be. After too much research and procrastinating I had to give it a go. I have been a decades coco/nft grower and recently threw my hat in the rdwc ring too. I have avoided soil due to the overwatering worry ( heavy handed chimp brain !) and the best potting soil/feeds. Catching up on the advances in indoor soil gardening and organics led me too subcools supersoil recipes to name a few but being a town dweller with farms everywhere around me still drew blanks on a lot of the ingredients needed and where the hell I could even begin to get them from. Thankfully , commercial savvy has now made buying it in ready to use and with a full range of beneficial bacteria ect available in amendments from a grow shop here in the uk. ecothrive have realised the potential for us to dive into this medium with all the mixing , measuring and resourcing. I bit the bullet and £150 later I now have 4 x37Litre pots that will be used for as long as I want to feed the soil for without EVER needing nutrients again potentially. The coco has also had charge mixed in to encourage the bennies to colonize there too. I will be using the shogun nutes that I know do the business with coco to compare with for yield , growth and taste. I have 3 seeds each of 4 Fast Buds Strains to use as a control for the grow and am journaling each strain in their own diaries. This statement will be used to start each one as the information is identical at this point but following this I will do them individually. I am now starting their second week since opening the seed packets , straight into soaked and shook root riot cubes and into the heated propagator. They had all showed their heads by end of day 3 and a couple needed helmet surgery to open up without being hindered . I have has them in the prop for a few days but they needed to get settled as they were popping roots out all over the cubes. They have now been in their final pots for 2 days complete and starting their 3rd today at day 8 since planting in cubes. I am impressed with the speed and success of these girls already (12 of 13 germinated) . Well done fast buds. So here we go folks , any comments , ideas ,questions , advice are always welcome and I hope we can have some fun experimenting with defol v non defol , topping v fimming v bending and any other curiosities along the way. I plan on using a quadline for them all to keep a control for the comparisons too. Be green folks Welcome aboard and a huge thank you to Fast Buds for the opportunity to try autos.

1/29 Week 5 Nothing but the kind of problems I asked for, some white tips that mean an increase of runoff is needed. Half expected to see this as I have been varying the amount as a learning experiment. Will up to 20% for a few days In addition will be reducing nuets slightly keeping cal-mag as is until reason to change presents itself. Will be kind of boring the next couple of weeks at least till they get into the big tent. 1/30 Aeryn now at 15 inches Runoff at 40% and nuets reduced to lower pot EC Ive tossed out my old bottle of Cal-Mag I think its turned on me as these white tips did not appear until it was folded into the feed. Just no way this dose of nuets is causing the tips to show burning. 2/1 Major defoliation last night at lights out. Removed perhaps 25-40% or leaf mass on all plants to allow them to stay in the tent another two weeks. It was time to learn the process anyway, took a compromise path to doing it, some recommended taking more some less, hey sounded good to me. Plants doing very well after defoliation except for those aggravating white tips, going to be reducing Cal-Mag again to 1ml/gal and keep CT at 5ml/gal taking C-M to zero based on what I see. 2/2 Dropped Cal-Mag from feed, want to see if that has anything to do with those white tips. Runoff is at 40-50% ppm out under 900 so dam if I know. Will continue to defoliate as we go when something pokes its head where it does not belong. Otherwise they are beautiful, good job so far Fast Buds. 👍 2/3 man they recover fast, removed a few fan leaves that poked their heads where they shouldnt. Add Si to feed tomorrow for stem strength Not comfortable leaving these in veg for two more weeks, just asking for problems. So... Plan for flowering: Flipping this weekend so new week will still be veg. Removing one plant from the Moya tent to the Flowering tent to relieve space pressure as both tents will be set to 12/12 and just flower them all. Should have space in Moya to cover the few days they are in there with just three plants, have a bout 18" of light hang to work with. Thinking of moving Aeryn as she is largest and most likely to cause issues. Just not sure what the stretch is going to be 😳 2/4 The white tips were absolutely caused by the Cal-Mag, considering the doses and PPM that is puzzling to say the least. Adding Si for a few feeds to get em ready for flowering as I have no idea how these are going to grow so heading off some potentials. Plants hit 20" over night still flipping in a few days

То как я делал гров в этот раз полная фигня, условия максимально экстремальные, растение зацветет карликом. С помощью тиосульфата серебра была применена смена пола. Смена пола произошла успешно, теперь это сильное мужское растение отправиться на селекцию для создания нового сорта "Tropicana Ultra".

Welcome to week4!🤠 Fixed her discoloured leafs, it was due to frequent watering🌊 She entered vegetative stage only after 3 1/2 weeks of growing, so very impresive!😯 And I'm using a humiditor to keep the air at 60%😋 See you very soon!🤠❤️

Thursday, August 13, 2020 12:45pm: Watered: 1.25C PH 6.9 Friday, August 14, 2020 9:40pm: Main-lined: Topped at the 3rd node. removed everything below 3rd node. Saturday, August 15, 2020 1:20pm: Watered: 1.25C PH 6.1

5-26-19 Day 40 of flower and they are stacking hard! Smells are getting stronger and they are healthy. Feeding @ 550ppm (1.1ec) 6.1-6.3pH. Switching between Massive and Liquid Koolbloom every other week.

Yea she looks beautiful can’t wait to see her flowers nice shape goin on! 🌸💕

The one that survived was only inside a 2 litre, unfortunately, so didn't produce no where near as bud as I would've liked to. It's definitely not stable from 2/3 hermies, no issues with the other strains I had going alongside these.