My homework. Rubisco regeneration is intrinsically linked to nitrogen supply because Rubisco is a major sink for nitrogen in plants, typically accounting for 15% to over 25% of total leaf nitrogen. The regeneration phase itself consumes nitrogen through the synthesis of the Rubisco enzyme and associated proteins (like Rubisco activase), and overall nitrogen status heavily influences the efficiency of RuBP regeneration.Structural Component: Nitrogen is an essential building block for all proteins, and the sheer abundance of the Rubisco protein makes it the single largest storage of nitrogen in the leaf. Synthesis and Activity: Adequate nitrogen supply is crucial for the synthesis and maintenance of sufficient Rubisco enzyme and Rubisco activase (Rca), the regulatory protein responsible for maintaining Rubisco's active state. Nitrogen deficiency leads to a decrease in the content and activity of both Rubisco and Rca, which in turn limits the maximum carboxylation rate, Vmax, and the rate of RuBP regeneration Jmax, thus reducing overall photosynthetic capacity. Nitrogen Storage and Remobilization: Rubisco can act as a temporary nitrogen storage protein, which is degraded to remobilize nitrogen to other growing parts of the plant, especially under conditions of nitrogen deficiency or senescence. Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE): The allocation of nitrogen to Rubisco is a key determinant of a plant's photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency (PNUE). In high-nitrogen conditions, plants may accumulate a surplus of Rubisco, which may not be fully activated, leading to a lower PNUE. Optimizing the amount and activity of Rubisco relative to nitrogen availability is a target for improving crop NUE. Photorespiration and Nitrogen Metabolism: Nitrogen metabolism is also linked to the photorespiration pathway (which competes with carboxylation at the Rubisco active site), particularly in the reassimilation of ammonia released during the process. To increase RuBisCO regeneration, which refers to the process of forming the CO2 acceptor molecule Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) during photosynthesis, the primary methods involve optimizing the levels and activity of Rubisco activase (Rca) and enhancing the performance of other Calvin-Benson-Bassham (CBB) cycle enzymes. Biochemical and Environmental Approaches: Optimize Rubisco Activase (Rca) activity: Rca is a crucial chaperone protein that removes inhibitory sugar phosphates, such as CA1P (2-carboxy-D-arabinitol 1-phosphate), from the Rubisco active site, thus maintaining its catalytic competence. •Ensure optimal light conditions: Rca is light-activated via the chloroplast's redox status. Adequate light intensity ensures Rca can effectively maintain Rubisco in its active, carbamylated state. •Maintain optimal temperature: Rca is highly temperature-sensitive and can become unstable at moderately high temperatures (e.g., above 35°C/95F° in many C3 plants), which decreases its ability to activate Rubisco. Maintaining temperatures within the optimal range for a specific plant species is important. •Optimize Mg2+ concentration: Mg2+ is a key cofactor for both Rubisco carbamylation and Rca activity. In the light, Mg2+ concentration in the chloroplast stroma increases, promoting activation. •Manage ATP/ADP ratio: Rca activity depends on ATP hydrolysis and is inhibited by ADP. Conditions that maintain a high ATP/ADP ratio in the chloroplast stroma favor Rca activity. Enhance Calvin-Benson-Bassham (CBB) cycle enzyme activity: The overall rate of RuBP regeneration can be limited by other enzymes in the cycle. •Increase SBPase activity: Sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase (SBPase) is a key regulatory enzyme in the regeneration pathway, and increasing its activity can enhance RuBP regeneration and overall photosynthesis. •Optimize other enzymes: Overexpression of other CBB cycle enzymes such as fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (FBA) and triose phosphate isomerase (TPI) can also help to balance the metabolic flux and improve RuBP regeneration capacity. Magnesium ions, Mg2+, are specifically required for Rubisco activation because the cation plays a critical structural and chemical role in forming the active site: A specific lysine residue in the active site must be carbamylated by a CO2 molecule to activate the enzyme. The resulting negatively charged carbamyl group then facilitates the binding of the positively charged Mg2+ion. While other divalent metal ions like Mn2+ can bind to Rubisco, they alter the enzyme's substrate specificity and lead to dramatically lower activity or a higher rate of the non-productive oxygenation reaction compared to Mg2+, making them biologically unfavorable in the context of efficient carbon fixation. The concentration of Mg2+ in the chloroplast stroma naturally increases in the light due to ion potential balancing during ATP synthesis, providing a physiological mechanism to ensure the enzyme is activated when photosynthesis is possible. At the center of the porphyrin ring, nestled within its nitrogen atoms, is a Magnesium ion (Mg2+). This magnesium ion is crucial for the function of chlorophyll, and without it, the pigment cannot effectively capture and transfer light energy. Mg acts as a cofactor: Mg2+ binds to Rubisco after an activator CO2 molecule, forming a catalytically competent complex (Enzyme-CO2-Mg2+). High light + CO2) increases demand: Under high light (60 DLI is a very high intensity, potentially saturating) and high CO2, the plant's capacity for photosynthesis is high, and thus the demand for activated Rubisco and the necessary Mg2+ cofactor increases. Mg deficiency becomes limiting: If Mg2+ is deficient under these conditions, the higher levels of Rubisco and Rubisco activase produced cannot be fully activated, leading to lower photosynthetic rates and potential photo-oxidative damage. Optimal range: Studies show that adequate Mg2+ application can enhance Rubisco activation and stabilize net photosynthetic rates under stress conditions, but the required concentration is specific to the experimental setup. Monitoring is key: The most effective approach in a controlled environment is to monitor the plant's physiological responses e.g., leaf Mg2+ concentration, photosynthetic rate, Rubisco activation state, and adjust the nutrient solution/fertilizer to maintain adequate levels, rather than supplementing a fixed "extra" amount. In practice, this means ensuring that Mg2+ is not a limiting factor in the plant's standard nutrient solution when pushing the limits with high light and CO2. Applying Mg2+ through foliar spray is beneficial to Rubisco regeneration, particularly in alleviating the negative effects of magnesium (Mg) deficiency and high-temperature stress (HTS). While Mg can be leached from soil, within the plant it is considered a mobile nutrient, particularly in the phloem. Foliar-applied Mg is quickly absorbed by the leaves and can be translocate to other plant parts, including new growth and sink organs. Foliar application of: NATURES VERY OWN MgSO4 @ 15.0g L-1 in a spray bottle. Foliar sprays are often recommended as a rapid rescue measure for existing deficiencies or as a supplement during critical growth stages, when demand for Mg is high. Application in the early morning or late evening can improve absorption and prevent leaf burn. The starting point [of creativity] is curiosity: pondering why the default exists in the first place. We’re driven to question defaults when we experience vuja de, the opposite of déjà vu. Déjà vu occurs when we encounter something new, but it feels as if we’ve seen it before. Vuja de is the reverse—we face something familiar, but we see it with a fresh perspective that enables us to gain new insights into old problems.

10-31 : Starting week 3 with reservoir cleanup, nutrient solution is about 440 ppm & 5.8 ph. Very good root growth on the left girl, going to top her tomorrow, everyting going well so far. 11-01 : Topped the girl on the left, girl on the right seems fine.

Bueno ya estamos en el día de hoy como la última semana monto la última actualización porque ya están en el punto y debido al clima si espero un poco más puedo llegar a tener problemas aunque está muy olorosa a su mejor punto 🔥🔥 espero tengamos una buena cosecha

H2O Algas Enzimas

Alaska Fish Fertilizer truly works…her growth has exploded within the last 7 days. I can't wait for her to flower to cross with the Sensi Skunk

All girls were 6-7 nodes high I clipped them at the nearest nodes that were close together and healthiest. I’ve heard it’s all ab the fee and I felt like that was the best choice! I’m super excited to be doing this and I’ll be doing them both differently strain specific. Glad to have the tent up and running again it was nice to take a week off during the holiday season. Can’t wait to get these girls off to a great start only thing I wasn’t excited ab was the fact I know they came from a tent that had a small infestation so I’ll be treating them as soon as they bounce back for preventative measures for a few weeks. Once again super excited and a good trial run before I get some seeds in the soil since these are clones once again. Happy growing y’all and I’ll take more pics here in the next few days to see how they react to the major haircut. Update: All reacting very well to topping! First time doing this so very exciting!!! The dosi I’d have to say is reacting better than the Maui which I thought was going to be the other way around since it’s sativa vs indica. I’ll be doing nebula and nugbucket mailing/manifold of each strain and recording everything pretty well. I’m more excited about getting this spider farm 2000 light instead of using the bestva 1000 either way it’s going to produce more and I like the white light instead of the blurple. Super excited ab this run!!!!

2024-10-25 I'm in a state of disbelief with these results. The timeline was remarkable: - Started seeds soaking: August 18th - Seedlings emerged: Approximately one week later - Time to harvest: Only 10 weeks from emergence Having grown autoflowers before, this run absolutely exceeded my expectations. I tested 9 different strains from Anesia Seeds, and each one was impressive: 1. Frozen Black Cherry Auto 2. Violet Face Auto 3. Frozen Face Auto 4. Whaam Boom Auto 5. Jealousy Auto 6. Tahiti Vibez 7. Auto Purple Domina 8. Epic Buzz Auto 9. SMASHBERRY FUMEZ Auto I'm seriously reconsidering growing photoperiods next time as I see no compelling reason to do so currently. These autos were: - Vigorous - Low maintenance - Extremely fast (saving 4-5 weeks compared to photos) **EPIC BUZZ AUTO Highlight Review:** - Height: Impressive 160cm plants - Growth pattern: Chandelier-like structure - Bud characteristics: - Heavy, dense buds - Excellent bud-to-leaf ratio - No popcorn buds - Expected yield: Approximately 120g dry weight per plant - Overall: Highly recommended Final verdict pending after curing is complete.

Week 6 hear we go looking Amazing!!

Really healthy leaves, however salt buildup starting to become evident on the roots, been giving occasional flushes with tap water that still has chlorine, and 40ml of h202 then the next day giving the next weeks bucket with 6mL of hydrogaurd and 3/4tsp of Great White (Every bucket) Have to change bucket every 2-3 days, at 3 days it’s damn near empty.

Abrimos aun mas la penetracion de luz, abriendo las ramas y cortando unas hojas que cubrían nuevos brotes de flores. Vamos como viento en popa ⚡

Hola amigos. Week has gone again and i had timelapse recording. Enjoy 🤣 girl looks better but not that good yet. I also have that og kush enough for couple months soon so this prob going to get couple months more time to grow those clones for me. LST done. 24.4 couple days timelapse added. Camera has to make room for upcoming grow. See you next week.

Using my 250watt BUDGET LED indoor grow light! Blue sky organics super soil Diablo Nutrients

coming soon

She's come along way now in the flush and hopefully chop this week, shes swealling now and oh my does she stink so gassy yet fruity, remember happy growing and stay green 😀 💚✌️

the harvest is every time an hard work, i do trimming when buds are wet, all buds are so much sticky. So i make those dry without the banches. i'll waiting 10 days for the bigger ones

Coming to the finish line. Not sure if the plant really got better after the lockout, it is running without nitrogen so yellowing/losing leafs is to be expected anyway. Planning to chop in exactly 10 days.

Wao.... weather is shit but she grew a lot. Not flowering yet it was because of the rainy days. It is just wind and rain now. Very bad.... Well, she is okay 💪

Week two went well. Just maintaining humidity still and a good temp. Watered plant two on day 10. 200ml with 2.5ml added fox farm grow big. Also re wetting the sponges I have in them daily for humidity.