My homework. Rubisco regeneration is intrinsically linked to nitrogen supply because Rubisco is a major sink for nitrogen in plants, typically accounting for 15% to over 25% of total leaf nitrogen. The regeneration phase itself consumes nitrogen through the synthesis of the Rubisco enzyme and associated proteins (like Rubisco activase), and overall nitrogen status heavily influences the efficiency of RuBP regeneration.Structural Component: Nitrogen is an essential building block for all proteins, and the sheer abundance of the Rubisco protein makes it the single largest storage of nitrogen in the leaf. Synthesis and Activity: Adequate nitrogen supply is crucial for the synthesis and maintenance of sufficient Rubisco enzyme and Rubisco activase (Rca), the regulatory protein responsible for maintaining Rubisco's active state. Nitrogen deficiency leads to a decrease in the content and activity of both Rubisco and Rca, which in turn limits the maximum carboxylation rate, Vmax, and the rate of RuBP regeneration Jmax, thus reducing overall photosynthetic capacity. Nitrogen Storage and Remobilization: Rubisco can act as a temporary nitrogen storage protein, which is degraded to remobilize nitrogen to other growing parts of the plant, especially under conditions of nitrogen deficiency or senescence. Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE): The allocation of nitrogen to Rubisco is a key determinant of a plant's photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency (PNUE). In high-nitrogen conditions, plants may accumulate a surplus of Rubisco, which may not be fully activated, leading to a lower PNUE. Optimizing the amount and activity of Rubisco relative to nitrogen availability is a target for improving crop NUE. Photorespiration and Nitrogen Metabolism: Nitrogen metabolism is also linked to the photorespiration pathway (which competes with carboxylation at the Rubisco active site), particularly in the reassimilation of ammonia released during the process. To increase RuBisCO regeneration, which refers to the process of forming the CO2 acceptor molecule Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) during photosynthesis, the primary methods involve optimizing the levels and activity of Rubisco activase (Rca) and enhancing the performance of other Calvin-Benson-Bassham (CBB) cycle enzymes. Biochemical and Environmental Approaches: Optimize Rubisco Activase (Rca) activity: Rca is a crucial chaperone protein that removes inhibitory sugar phosphates, such as CA1P (2-carboxy-D-arabinitol 1-phosphate), from the Rubisco active site, thus maintaining its catalytic competence. •Ensure optimal light conditions: Rca is light-activated via the chloroplast's redox status. Adequate light intensity ensures Rca can effectively maintain Rubisco in its active, carbamylated state. •Maintain optimal temperature: Rca is highly temperature-sensitive and can become unstable at moderately high temperatures (e.g., above 35°C/95F° in many C3 plants), which decreases its ability to activate Rubisco. Maintaining temperatures within the optimal range for a specific plant species is important. •Optimize Mg2+ concentration: Mg2+ is a key cofactor for both Rubisco carbamylation and Rca activity. In the light, Mg2+ concentration in the chloroplast stroma increases, promoting activation. •Manage ATP/ADP ratio: Rca activity depends on ATP hydrolysis and is inhibited by ADP. Conditions that maintain a high ATP/ADP ratio in the chloroplast stroma favor Rca activity. Enhance Calvin-Benson-Bassham (CBB) cycle enzyme activity: The overall rate of RuBP regeneration can be limited by other enzymes in the cycle. •Increase SBPase activity: Sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase (SBPase) is a key regulatory enzyme in the regeneration pathway, and increasing its activity can enhance RuBP regeneration and overall photosynthesis. •Optimize other enzymes: Overexpression of other CBB cycle enzymes such as fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (FBA) and triose phosphate isomerase (TPI) can also help to balance the metabolic flux and improve RuBP regeneration capacity. Magnesium ions, Mg2+, are specifically required for Rubisco activation because the cation plays a critical structural and chemical role in forming the active site: A specific lysine residue in the active site must be carbamylated by a CO2 molecule to activate the enzyme. The resulting negatively charged carbamyl group then facilitates the binding of the positively charged Mg2+ion. While other divalent metal ions like Mn2+ can bind to Rubisco, they alter the enzyme's substrate specificity and lead to dramatically lower activity or a higher rate of the non-productive oxygenation reaction compared to Mg2+, making them biologically unfavorable in the context of efficient carbon fixation. The concentration of Mg2+ in the chloroplast stroma naturally increases in the light due to ion potential balancing during ATP synthesis, providing a physiological mechanism to ensure the enzyme is activated when photosynthesis is possible. At the center of the porphyrin ring, nestled within its nitrogen atoms, is a Magnesium ion (Mg2+). This magnesium ion is crucial for the function of chlorophyll, and without it, the pigment cannot effectively capture and transfer light energy. Mg acts as a cofactor: Mg2+ binds to Rubisco after an activator CO2 molecule, forming a catalytically competent complex (Enzyme-CO2-Mg2+). High light + CO2) increases demand: Under high light (60 DLI is a very high intensity, potentially saturating) and high CO2, the plant's capacity for photosynthesis is high, and thus the demand for activated Rubisco and the necessary Mg2+ cofactor increases. Mg deficiency becomes limiting: If Mg2+ is deficient under these conditions, the higher levels of Rubisco and Rubisco activase produced cannot be fully activated, leading to lower photosynthetic rates and potential photo-oxidative damage. Optimal range: Studies show that adequate Mg2+ application can enhance Rubisco activation and stabilize net photosynthetic rates under stress conditions, but the required concentration is specific to the experimental setup. Monitoring is key: The most effective approach in a controlled environment is to monitor the plant's physiological responses e.g., leaf Mg2+ concentration, photosynthetic rate, Rubisco activation state, and adjust the nutrient solution/fertilizer to maintain adequate levels, rather than supplementing a fixed "extra" amount. In practice, this means ensuring that Mg2+ is not a limiting factor in the plant's standard nutrient solution when pushing the limits with high light and CO2. Applying Mg2+ through foliar spray is beneficial to Rubisco regeneration, particularly in alleviating the negative effects of magnesium (Mg) deficiency and high-temperature stress (HTS). While Mg can be leached from soil, within the plant it is considered a mobile nutrient, particularly in the phloem. Foliar-applied Mg is quickly absorbed by the leaves and can be translocate to other plant parts, including new growth and sink organs. Foliar application of: NATURES VERY OWN MgSO4 @ 15.0g L-1 in a spray bottle. Foliar sprays are often recommended as a rapid rescue measure for existing deficiencies or as a supplement during critical growth stages, when demand for Mg is high. Application in the early morning or late evening can improve absorption and prevent leaf burn. The starting point [of creativity] is curiosity: pondering why the default exists in the first place. We’re driven to question defaults when we experience vuja de, the opposite of déjà vu. Déjà vu occurs when we encounter something new, but it feels as if we’ve seen it before. Vuja de is the reverse—we face something familiar, but we see it with a fresh perspective that enables us to gain new insights into old problems.

Awesome week. Both plants are doing great. One is definitely praying to her Blue God lol.

This wonderful plant is amazing man, I have fallen in love with this strain and the hard rocks nuggets she has produced, beutiful orange pistils, it's just pure fire. Very dense and compact nuggets guys, she's been 100% organic grown, she has been watered with pure water and beneficial bacteria all the way and also with guano liquid by guanokalong, the aromas are very complex is very gassy stinks like a skunk however it's got some piney in and kush aroma,definitely awesome man need to keep growing this strain many more times no doubt.

Eccoci di nuovo qui!!! Super eccitato per questa nuova collab con Anesia Seeds, team davvero al top, che mi ha dato l’opportunità di testare questa nuova genetica e di condividere i progressi con tutti voi!!! Come sempre partiamo nei bicchieri per poi travasare.. Questa volta verrà svolto tutto sotto la Lumatek Zeus 465 ProC, mi aspetto molto da questo ciclo!! Settimana pazzesca!!!! Piante davvero incredibili!!! Grazie a tutti per il supporto ❤️🍀🔥

It is a vigorous plant with very uniform branching, high resinous and high yield, if you grow from seed there are a few different phenos that I got, equally as good

4/18 - 4/20: She's coming along nicely! 4/22: I FIM'd her today and gave her about 20oz of water with cal-mag, humic acid, and boomerang and foliar fed with big bloom and fulvic acid. Later, I rinsed off all the plants with a stiff stream of filtered water in preparation for tomorrow. 4/23: Today was BoomBoom Spray day! I just love how visible the growth is the day after a BoomBoom Spray day!😲 Tomorrow I'll spray her down with Axiom Harpin a|b proteins..she'll start flowering soon and I want her hitting her stretch with mega-vigor.👈 4/24: I did a foliar application of Harpin proteins and fed her with about 1/4-gallon. 😊 I removed all the cool white and blue light, and turned on the 3rd set of QB's and bud boosters so she will get her stretch on- I also reduced her photoperiod to 20 hours so she can start getting some beauty sleep. I also tied down her apex cola today. 4/25: Didn't have much time today, but I looked in on her. It's getting crowded in here, so I'll remove all the photos (clones and seedlings) tomorrow. That's it for week 3-

Took a while to start going but she’s looking good.

Just touched week 7 and started it’s first flush today, this plant has a nice structure and is getting frostier by the day. Surprisingly it is only just now starting to show it’s smell / profile which is fruity atm. Buds are nice and dense - still got 2/3 weeks to go

Ich werde einen Komposttee zubereiten ich finde, dass ihm Nährstoffe fehlen.

This gorilla cookie by fast buds is freaking awesome guys, I'm really in love with this genetic, very strong smell, trichome glands everywhere, and 2 out of the 3 plants that I'm growing are going to develop full purple buds!! Amazing autoflower plant man, I'm not disappointed at all, I hope to get a nice amount of buds with the 3 Gorilla cookies because I cannot wait to taste those buds! Let's keep on working! 💓💚💛👨‍🌾

Marker is thriving, with a hearty appetite. It's even begun to display vibrant leaf color changes, looking absolutely stunning! 🌿🌈 Keep up the good work!

3 Space Candy Plants beginning life in the pots. I added a Green Crack seedling because the Jack Skellington's seeds were a no go. I got a new phone so I was messing around with the new LiDAR scanner -- kind of cool - be awesome if it had FLIR ! So no real plans for this run -- just top and grow as usual -- again -- using only water, so minimal effort once again --

Blueberry Lime Kush AD

Gran cosecha de calidad gracias a Marshydro y XpertNutrients. Una planta con distancia intermodal media y unos cogollos resinosos de un tamaño medio. Su aroma esta muy conseguido, puro Zkittlez con un toque cítrico que recuerda a la mandarina. Las manos se me impregnaban de resina al manicurar.

Just waiting for them to finish. 8 Apr - 2.2L each + B.A.C Final Solution (last watering before harvest) I'll probably harvest them early because I need to paint the room. Will give them one more week until the substrate dries out. 10 Apr - just waiting for the substrate to dry out before chopping down. Trichome productions is crazy. I hope they taste as good as they look.

Day 18 of flowering! 💚Please Like This Diary and Leave a Comment!💚 This week the flowers start to swell up. The smell is very nice and love this strain to grow🌿💚🍀 Nutrition: not so much, just a quarter of what is asked on the bottle. Smell: plant already have a nice smell, very punchy, skunky, forest fruits Health: nice strong plants, will grow big and flower fast! Red Wine was created by crossing Rozay F2 with Jet A. They are 2 very powerful aromatic Cali hybrids. This exclusive new Cali strain is a very strong and fast flowering indica-dominant strain. It has an aromatic, intoxicating and relaxing effect. That is comparable to enjoying a good glass of wine. Red Wine has an average flowering time of about 7-8 weeks when grown indoors. Outdoors it is ready fairly early, usually around the end of September. The yield is very good. Indoors she has an average yield of 450-650 gr/m². When growing outdoors, 600-800 grams can easily be achieved per plant. Red Wine has an aromatic scent that can be compared to a full red wine. Her full, purple-green buds are very compact with few leaves. This is very convenient when cutting the plants and saves a lot of time. Smoking this weed gives you a nice high with relaxing properties. The taste of Red Wine is very fruity sweet with an aroma of red grapes. Flowering time: 7 – 8 weeks Genetics: Rozay F2 x Jet A 30% Sativa, 70% Indica Plant height outside: 100 – 180 cm Outdoor harvest month: from June to October Yield indoors: 450 – 650 gr/m² Yield outdoors: 200 – 800 gr / plant THC: 25% 💚💚Wanna Try Red Wine from Seeds Genetics💚💚 Link: https://seedsgenetics.nl/product/red-wine-gefeminiseerd/

Week 4 flowering for the strawberry cookies 🍪🍓 from super sativa seeds club This week we added sticky fingers and sugar shot from xpert nutrients! We also increased the light to 100%. For the rest we will continue with our xpert nutrients food program. We are also using the tentX controler from Trolmaster

7/28 7-days old,, 4 clones survived, on their way at 2.5” a 3.5” tall

Día 56 (16/06) La floración sigue avanzando. El olor es espectacular La planta grande huele a Blueberry La planta pequeña huele a Indica de la vieja escuela. Kush, tierra del desierto, pungente... Día 57 (17/06) Riego con 500 ml H2O RO Día 58 (18/06) La planta grande muestra unos cogollos duros como rocas! 😍 Día 59 (19/06) Riego con 500 ml H2O RO Día 60 (20/06) N/A Día 61 (21/06) Riego con 500 ml H2O RO Día 62 (22/06) N/A 🚀 FastBuds 15% DISCOUNT code "NONICK" 2fast4buds.com @fastbuds.official 💦 BioTabs 15% DISCOUNT code "GDBT420" biotabs.nl/en/shop/ @biotabs_official 🌱Substrate PRO-MIX HP BACILLUS + MYCORRHIZAE @promixmitch @promixgrowers_unfiltered