that shouldn't be enough to burn roots... probably whatever microbbes are growing in your roots that you reacted to.
It could have impacted pH.
did you rinse it or how long was it exposed or sat in it etc? if it took up a bunch of water with only h2o2 it could have ramfications inside the plant... just as you see an 'end of harvest flush' for hydro has immediate impacts on the plant. Should be able to put h2o2 in with nutes without any reaction or precipitate in most cases for future reference.
again, could be the very microbes that grew before that point in the bucket. but this looks more like how a plant gets when watered wrong in soil.
the other guy mentioned it but i don't want to assume... if you don't have some sort of oxygenation going, that would help too... Temperature is the biggest issue with microbial growth in hydro, though. keep the water cooler if oyu can. change out rez more often or top it off sooner can help too.. .e.g. top off at 50% instead of bare minimal level in bucket. I got way longer use between cleaning my rez when i changed that one habit.