Absolutely you can. Having multiple strains on the same rootstock is always something I wanted to witness for myself one day.
Is it beneficial? That's up for debate, going to take valuable time to recover from such a transplant, reading documents such as one provided goes a far way in understanding what your dealing with.
It's all pretty new and no real concrete evidence to suggest it's good or bad, but it certainly changes the genetics under the hood. Go for it I'd be interested to see.
Grafting is not a standard procedure in the cannabis industry, and the plant is propagated mainly by rooted cuttings, tissue culture plantlets, or seeds (Hesami et al., 2023). When considering the implementation of a new methodology into a horticultural industry, the specific traits of the plant should be noted, besides the additional costs. In cannabis, the features that would be sought for in a scion are related to its reproductive characteristics - the duration of growth under floral induction until harvest, visual and biochemical properties of the floral organs (size, shape, color, cannabinoid profile, terpene profile), and the crop itself - the number of inflorescences per plant, their size and total weight (Crispim Massuela et al., 2022, Naim-Feil et al., 2022, Sarma et al., 2020). The properties that would be sought after in the rootstock are those which are common to most plants and relate to vegetative characteristics - rooting ability, mineral and water absorption, disease and pest resistance, tolerance to abiotic stresses, and more. Naturally, a vigorous rootstock will allow the scion to reach its natural potential from a vegetative and reproductive point of view, and it can even add some advantages to the scion's basic features. Achieving graft compatibility might be a challenge in cannabis due to the vast genetic diversity within the species (Clarke & Merlin, 2016). Selecting compatible graft combinations is essential to ensure successful graft union formation and maximize plant performance (Pina et al., 2017).
There are only few scientific publications on the effect of grafting in cannabis. (Crombie & Crombie, 1975) tested the effect of reciprocal grafting of high-THC and high-CBD cannabis varieties over the chemotype of the scion. They found no such effect, but the grafting positively impacted the total yield. A recent paper, which focused mainly on developing a one-step grafting methodology for cannabis, described the response of high-CBD or high-THC scions to grafting, and reported a significant increase in yield (Purdy et al., 2022). However, they tested only high-THC rootstocks. A fresh new study tested grafting industrial hemp and CBD dominant scions onto potentially dwarfing rootstocks, potentially vigorous rootstocks, and seedlings-as-rootstocks (The chemotypes of the rootstocks are not defined) (Bitežnik et al., 2024). The paper indicates that grafting is a promising technique for enhancing the agronomic and medicinal potential of cannabis. Our current study aimed to test how grafting a THC dominant variety onto different rootstock's chemotypes affects a wide range of vegetative and reproductive indices of the scion. We focused on the impact of the rootstock's chemica