Roots below are indicative of growth above. Aboveground growth is a general indicator of the extent and health of the root system below ground, and vice versa, because the two systems are interdependent.
Fact you got it out a plastic pot in one piece is indication the roots are fine.
Turgor pressure is the essential hydrostatic pressure within plant cells that pushes the cell membrane against the cell wall. This pressure is the driving force for cell expansion and elongation, enabling the root to generate the necessary force to push through the soil. Root tips can generate pressures up to approximately 0.5 to 0.6 MPa.
Osmosis is the direct mechanism that generates positive turgor pressure within individual plant cells.
Transpiration creates the pulling force that moves water through the plant's vascular system (xylem) and affects the level of turgor pressure by regulating water balance, but it is not the source of the pressure itself.
Soil composition is vital to preventing soil compaction because the right balance of organic matter, mineral particles (sand, silt, and clay), and adequate pore space determines the soil's structural integrity and its ability to resist pressure. Healthy soil is about 50% solids and 50% pore space.
Air pots are not inherently better. But the oxygenation they supply to root zones. numerous studies have shown that increasing oxygen in the root zone leads to enhanced root development and overall plant growth. Oxygen is vital for root respiration, nutrient uptake, and the support of beneficial soil microorganisms.
Noticed difference when growing side by side with fabrics or plastics.
Mycorrhizal inoculants significantly increase rootzone vitality by forming a symbiotic relationship with plant roots.
A vigorous root system thrives in an optimal underground environment (good air, water, nutrients), which is created by healthy, stable soil conditions that mirror the plant's needs above ground, meaning consistent moisture, aeration, and minimal stress (like compaction or extreme drying) encourage robust roots to support a strong top growth. You need to match the "vigor" in the roots by ensuring the soil provides what they need for happy growth, rather than fighting harsh conditions.
Goodluck.