the buildup on pot is not the cause. i've used fabric pots with far more scaling than that with no problems.
Gnat larvea damage roots, so this could be related to the spots you see.
The progression of the paling is weird.. looks more dominant at top. knwoing ppms of what you fed lately would help greatly. i bet teh answer will stick out like a sore thumb.
make sure pH is in decent range too. within a fraction of 6 is good. safer to err above 6 then below. various molecules quickly become more dfficult for the plant to use below 5.8.
When difficult to diagnose it's more often ph or nute balance at issue... the gnat larva chewing on roots will have their say too.
in future -- preemptively use BTi - in NA a product is called "mosquito dunks" and "mosquito bits". anythign with that same active ingredient will work same way (BTi). it's a mocrobe that causes larva to die in one way or another. It takes 2-3 weeks to quell an existing infestation, but if you use it preemptively shortly after sprout, you won't see any problem later. The soil and cooc et al we buy is often stored outside.. ti often comes with gnats. some brands are better thanothers, but all have the risk. it's not 100% effective, so you may see 1 or 2 gnats at a time, but never more. a sticky trap will collect those.. .you'll see it's very clean at end, but will snag a few. point is, it's cheap and you can easily avoid fungus gnats preemptively.