A light spectrum in the scope of 400 to 700nm induces growth and development, and UV (100–400nm) and infrared (700–800nm) light play a role in plant morphogenesis—which is essentially the process of plants developing their physical form and external structure. Optimizing Your Knowledge in the Grow Room To maximize your yield, always aim for 40 moles, or 40,000,000 μmol, per day. Here is how much PPFD is needed per second for each phase of cannabis growth to achieve the DLI of 40 moles of light per day. Seedling phase (18hr cycle): 200–300 μmol m-2 s-1 Vegetative phase (18hr cycle): 617 μmol m-2 s-1 Flowering phase (12hr cycle): 925 μmol m-2 s-1, (1500 μmol m-2 s-1 @2000ppm co2) (ballpark) When choosing grow lights for cannabis, it is essential to check the technical specifications to determine if they are strong enough to get the job done. Of course, this doesn't mean that you have to buy the most expensive lights there are. Still, it does mean that you should research each of these specifications in relation to your cannabis plants to find a grow light that will fully serve your needs. This is especially true with PPFD, as this is arguably the most insightful value for growers—it tells you exactly how much useful light your plants are absorbing at a certain distance from the grow light. With my fixed light source, as the plant develop height through stages, it will naturaslly grow into higher μmol ranges naturally dictated by its height. Look forward to filling the tent for the next grow. Last week will see increased blues. ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 (HY5), a bZIP-type transcription factor, acts as a master regulator that regulates various physiological and biological processes in plants such as photomorphogenesis, root growth, flavonoid biosynthesis and accumulation, nutrient acquisition, and response to abiotic stresses. HY5 is evolutionally conserved in function among various plant species. HY5 acts as a master regulator of a light-mediated transcriptional regulatory hub that directly or indirectly controls the transcription of approximately one-third of genes at the whole genome level. The transcription, protein abundance, and activity of HY5 are tightly modulated by a variety of factors through distinct regulatory mechanisms. This review primarily summarizes recent advances in HY5-mediated molecular and physiological processes and regulatory mechanisms on HY5 in the model plant Arabidopsis as well as in crops. Plants utilize light as the predominant energy source for photosynthesis. Besides, light signal acts as an essential external factor that mediates a variety of physiological and developmental processes in plants. Plants are continuously exposed to dynamically changing light signals due to the daily and seasonal alternation in natural conditions. The various light signals are perceived by at least five classes of wavelength-specific photoreceptors including phytochromes (phyA-phyE), cryptochromes (CRY1 and CRY2), phototropin (PHOT1 and PHOT2), F-box containing flavin binding proteins (ZTL, FKF1, and (LKP2), and UV-B RESISTANCE LOCUS 8 (UVR8). These photoreceptors are biologically activated by various light signals, subsequently initiating a large scale of transcriptional reprogramming at the whole genome level. Extensive genetic and biochemical studies have established that the ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 (HY5), a bZIP-type transcription factor, tightly controls the light-regulated transcriptional alternation. Loss of HY5 function mutant seedlings display drastically elongated hypocotyls in various light conditions, suggesting that HY5 acts downstream of multiple photoreceptors in promoting photomorphogenesis in plants. In addition to inhibiting hypocotyl growth, HY5 regulates other various physiological and developmental processes including root growth, pigment biosynthesis and accumulation, responses to various hormonal signals, and low and high temperatures. This review summarizes the recent advances and progress in HY5-regulated cellular, physiological, and developmental processes in various plant species. We also highlighted emerging insights regarding the HY5-mediated integration of multiple developmental, external, and internal signaling inputs in the regulation of plant growth. Among the genes regulated by the circadian clock, we found that the excision repair protein XPA is controlled by the biological clock, and we, therefore, asked whether the entire nucleotide excision repair oscillates with daily periodicity. XPA transcription and protein levels are at a maximum at around 5 pm and at a minimum at around 5 am. Importantly, the entire excision repair activity shows the same pattern. This led to the prediction that mice would be more sensitive to UV light when exposed at 5 am (when repair is low), compared to 5 pm (when repair is high). We proceeded to test this prediction. We irradiated two groups of mice with UV at 5 am and 5 pm, respectively, and found that the group irradiated at 5 am exhibited a 4–5 fold higher incidence of invasive skin carcinoma than the group irradiated at 5 pm. Currently, we are investigating whether this rhythmicity of excision repair exists in humans. Molecular mechanism of the mammalian circadian clock. CLOCK and BMAL1 are transcriptional activators, which form a CLOCK-BMAL1 heterodimer that binds to the E-box sequence (CACGTG) in the promoters of Cry and Per genes to activate their transcription. CRY and PER are transcriptional repressors, and after an appropriate time delay following protein synthesis and nuclear entry, they inhibit their own transcription, thus causing the rise and fall of CRY and PER levels with circa 24-hour periodicity (core clock). The core clock proteins also act on other genes that have E-boxes in their regulatory regions. As a consequence, about 30% of all genes are clock-controlled genes (CCG) in a given tissue and hence exhibit daily rhythmicity. Among these genes, the Xpa gene, which is essential for nucleotide excision repair, is also controlled by the clock. Circadian control of excision repair and photocarcinogenesis in mice. The core circadian clock machinery controls the rhythmic expression of XPA, such that XPA RNA and protein levels are at a minimum at 5 am and at a maximum at 5 pm. The entire excision repair system, therefore, exhibits the same type of daily periodicity. As a consequence, when mice are irradiated with UVB at 5 am they develop invasive skin carcinoma at about 5-fold higher frequency compared to mice irradiated at 5 pm when repair is at its maximum. The mouse in the picture belongs to the 5 am group with multiple invasive skin carcinomas at the conclusion of the experiment.

Week 2 for our banana purple punch from the fastbuds family All looks good and the buds are forming real quick, we continue for now with master root and master bloom, next week we start to add some more addictives Some plants had a little to much nutrients but we corrected the dosis and continue with a little less bloom nutrients! For the rest all good!!

11/27 She’s not getting enough of the light. I’m working on another grow space so she can get more light penetration. Considering I let her stretch so much and not getting adequate light. She’s looking pretty good. Buds are already looking dense.

Got the 2 new LED’s set up from futur vert Flora nurse 85 watts each killer bars !! FSG spectrum perfect for seedlings too flower.. working on a sea of green one veg closet to a 4x8 flower tent

Buds are getting fatter by the day swapped the to front plants round and put the short bushy one onto a water drum to raise it to the same height of the other two so i could raise the light more

This C4 auto was very fast to flower, and stretched up to produce some very pretty, berry smelling/tasting nugs! The buds didn't flower very dense, they formed as fox-tail shapes. Yield is on the low-end of acceptable, but good considering the bud structure! I'm growing another next run, to compare phenotypes!

Another slow start to the week after transplanting from coco to DWC. The plant showed little signs of growth and just seemed to be in 'limbo' for afew days. She then picked up the pace and has been sprouting new hairy roots and new foliage up top each day! LST continues to keep her low and wide with alot of new growth now accumulating from the main stem that is exposed. Will be looking to up the nutes over the following week to encourage her back to regular feeding dosages.

I ordered a new bigger setup as you can see. Switched from LED to HPS. Although it has a significant heat output diff, I can tell the plants love it. I also noticed I developed some fungus nats in the soil of the smaller plants. I finally got a soil meter to help me know more exactly when go water which should rid the fungus nats if I'm not over watering. Lastly, I'm going to scrog this week. I know I'm doing it rather late but it's a learning experience and I'll start sooner next time. Will be a lot of weaving. And I'm still deciding if I should cut everything else below the screen.

July 17th the plants gained a more uniformed color and more importantly my cat loves it too lol

Keeping humidity at 40% now

Let’s Go day 29!! This week went real nice ! Girls are staying very healthy and building up nicely and even started showing signs of female sex which is super great ! We started doing a little bit of leaf tuck training method on em , nothing to big as like I said I want these girls just to do there thang an grow more on naturally side! My Air temp and Humidity have been on point all week, staying from 70-75 degrees throughout the day and humidity staying around 58-61% humidity , my girls are loving that summer an 75 feeling !! Can’t wait to see what we do this week ! Hopefully you all enjoy, and are ready for another great productive week ! Peace love an positive vibes to y’all Cheers 😶‍🌫️💨💨💨💨🤙🏻Happy Grows✌️🏻Week 4 let’s get it !

Utopia Haze is a rare heavily sativa dominant hybrid (90% sativa/10% indica) strain created through back crossing Brazilian Sativa strains. This tasty little bud took home 1st Place for Best Sativa in the 2008 High Times’ Cannabis Cup and for good reason – with its potent 18-22% average THC level and long lasting cerebral effects, Utopia Haze is one powerhouse smoke. The Utopia Haze high comes on soon after you finish your first toke, hitting you with a strong cerebral lift that infuses you with a sense of hazy relaxation. Type: Feminised/Photoperiod Cultivation: Indoor/Outdoor Flowering Time (days): 70-75 Indoor Yield (g): Up to 650 Feminised Outdoor Harvest Month: October Feminised Outdoor Harvest Month Week: 3rd-4th week Aroma: Citrus, Woody, Pungent, Mint Effect: Cerebral Lift, Hazy Relaxation, Sleepy Week 18 Week 4 of 12/12 Lighting Welcome Back to This Weeks Episode of Cariboo's Utopia Grow ! 1.) Overall another smooth week for this plant, those crispy edges from last week have settled down a bit..by that I mean they haven't gotten any worse lol (I believe we've fixed the issue, PH) 2.) The most notable thing for me this week is the frost ! it has arrived in full force ! the aroma in this tent has certainly gotten more notable as well ! 3.) She is drinking about 0.5 of a Liter every day..soil plant experts.. is that on "par" for this size of plant ? 4.) Her Nutrients increased this week ! Cautiously Cruising through the epidemic.. I know that is not the case for everyone so I am Thankful. 🙏Take Care Out There !🙏 & As Always Thanks for checking in, if you have a question or a comment leave it down below Happy Growing everyone Cariboo_OG

Hello This is the end of week 2 and the beginning of week 3 of flowering. The plants are doing well and you can see the flowers forming already. My wife sends me the cute or funny pics I use... The one with the hot knives brought back a memory, of a friend at 17 years old, slipped when giving himself a hash hit and burning himself on the cheek... and having to go the school like that.... all the students knew what it was and he got a lot of teasing and had the mark on his face for months... Be Careful... I'll try to get inhere this week to do a final trim up... Taking off unwanted fanleaves and sucker branches. Ok. Be Cool Chuck.

Smell is getting stronger and buds build-up well

hey there :) so we’ve started flowering she looks good she is bigger and healthier then my previous Mexican babe and i am proud )) so i have cut off many fan leaves already twice but she is bushing. next week i will cut some fan leaves for the last time for the buds to get more light. so heads up !!! puff puff pass !!!!!

Jeht's Getz Loss !!

Big plant going to develop big buds. It smells something like sweet floral.

🌸 Week 3 Flower – The Jungle Takes Over The girls are now towering at 1.20 m, turning our tent into a proper green jungle. Both phenotypes are thriving with thick stalks, lush foliage, and a dense network of branches promising a spectacular flower set. This week was all about control and balance. ✂️ Defoliation & Growth Management Although these plants have been allowed to grow naturally so far, their explosive stretch meant I had to step in. I performed a strategic defoliation, not because the plants were weak, but to: • Improve airflow through the canopy. • Ensure light reaches lower bud sites. • Slow vertical growth and help prevent them from outgrowing the tent. Even with a high ceiling, there’s still a risk of running out of headroom during the last stretch. Defoliating at this stage also redirects energy to bud formation instead of excessive leaf production. Note: During this process, a few branches were accidentally broken while moving them out for photos. I left this in the report and photos as a learning moment, large plants can be tricky to handle. This may be the last out-of-tent photoshoot before harvest. 🌱 Structure & Bud Development • Both phenotypes are highly branched, with bud sites forming all the way down the stems. • First signs of proper bud stacking are visible, with white pistils everywhere. • Plants look symmetrical, vibrant, and full of energy — a promising start to mid-flower. 💧 Feeding & Nutrition Base nutrients: • Aptus Regulator – 0.25 ml/L • CalMag Boost – 0.25 ml/L • All-in-One Liquid – 1 ml/L occasionally (soil already contains slow-release pellets) Bloom boosters (Plagron): • Green Sensation – 1 ml/L (multi-action bloom stimulator, PK booster, and terpene enhancer) • Sugar Royal – 1 ml/L (amino acid-rich biostimulant, improves aroma & resilience) • Power Buds – 1 ml/L (early flowering booster to promote faster bud set) This combined recipe ensures the plants receive balanced macro and micronutrients while enhancing flower development, resin production, and terpene expression. pH & EC: • Feed solution pH: ~6.0–6.1 • Feed EC: ~1.04 mS/cm (soil EC still at ~2.96 mS/cm, so feed is moderated) 🌡️ Environment • Soil temperature: 24–24.7°C • Air temperature: 29°C • Humidity: 67% • VPD: 1.37 kPa Conditions are slightly warm, but the plants are coping well. ⸻ 📌 Summary Week 3 of flower has been a turning point, from a lush veg canopy to a budding powerhouse. Strategic defoliation will help manage height and airflow, while the combined Aptus + Plagron feeding strategy aims to maximize flower density, aroma, and overall plant health. The structure is impressive, with a sea of potential bud sites that promise a heavy, aromatic harvest. 📲 Don’t forget to Subscribe and follow me on Instagram and YouTube @DogDoctorOfficial for exclusive content, real-time updates, and behind-the-scenes magic. We’ve got so much more coming, including transplanting and all the amazing techniques that go along with it. You won’t want to miss it. • GrowDiaries Journal: https://growdiaries.com/grower/dogdoctorofficial • Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/dogdoctorofficial/ • YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@dogdoctorofficial ⸻ Explore the Gear that Powers My Grow If you’re curious about the tech I’m using, check out these links: • Genetics, gear, nutrients, and more – Zamnesia: https://www.zamnesia.com/ • Environmental control & automation – TrolMaster: https://www.trolmaster.eu/ • Advanced LED lighting – Future of Grow: https://www.futureofgrow.com/ • Root and growth nutrition – Aptus Holland: https://aptus-holland.com/ • Nutrient systems & boosters – Plagron: https://plagron.com/en/ • Soil & substrate excellence – PRO-MIX BX: https://www.pthorticulture.com/en-us/products/pro-mix-bx-mycorrhizae • Curing and storage – Grove Bags: https://grovebags.com/ ⸻ We’ve got much more coming as we move through the grow cycles. Trust me, you won’t want to miss the next steps, let’s push the boundaries of indoor horticulture together! As always, this is shared for educational purposes, aiming to spread understanding and appreciation for this plant. Let’s celebrate it responsibly and continue to learn and grow together. With true love comes happiness. Always believe in yourself, and always do things expecting nothing and with an open heart. Be a giver, and the universe will give back in ways you could never imagine. 💚 Growers love to all