A light spectrum in the scope of 400 to 700nm induces growth and development, and UV (100–400nm) and infrared (700–800nm) light play a role in plant morphogenesis—which is essentially the process of plants developing their physical form and external structure. Optimizing Your Knowledge in the Grow Room To maximize your yield, always aim for 40 moles, or 40,000,000 μmol, per day. Here is how much PPFD is needed per second for each phase of cannabis growth to achieve the DLI of 40 moles of light per day. Seedling phase (18hr cycle): 200–300 μmol m-2 s-1 Vegetative phase (18hr cycle): 617 μmol m-2 s-1 Flowering phase (12hr cycle): 925 μmol m-2 s-1, (1500 μmol m-2 s-1 @2000ppm co2) (ballpark) When choosing grow lights for cannabis, it is essential to check the technical specifications to determine if they are strong enough to get the job done. Of course, this doesn't mean that you have to buy the most expensive lights there are. Still, it does mean that you should research each of these specifications in relation to your cannabis plants to find a grow light that will fully serve your needs. This is especially true with PPFD, as this is arguably the most insightful value for growers—it tells you exactly how much useful light your plants are absorbing at a certain distance from the grow light. With my fixed light source, as the plant develop height through stages, it will naturaslly grow into higher μmol ranges naturally dictated by its height. Look forward to filling the tent for the next grow. Last week will see increased blues. ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 (HY5), a bZIP-type transcription factor, acts as a master regulator that regulates various physiological and biological processes in plants such as photomorphogenesis, root growth, flavonoid biosynthesis and accumulation, nutrient acquisition, and response to abiotic stresses. HY5 is evolutionally conserved in function among various plant species. HY5 acts as a master regulator of a light-mediated transcriptional regulatory hub that directly or indirectly controls the transcription of approximately one-third of genes at the whole genome level. The transcription, protein abundance, and activity of HY5 are tightly modulated by a variety of factors through distinct regulatory mechanisms. This review primarily summarizes recent advances in HY5-mediated molecular and physiological processes and regulatory mechanisms on HY5 in the model plant Arabidopsis as well as in crops. Plants utilize light as the predominant energy source for photosynthesis. Besides, light signal acts as an essential external factor that mediates a variety of physiological and developmental processes in plants. Plants are continuously exposed to dynamically changing light signals due to the daily and seasonal alternation in natural conditions. The various light signals are perceived by at least five classes of wavelength-specific photoreceptors including phytochromes (phyA-phyE), cryptochromes (CRY1 and CRY2), phototropin (PHOT1 and PHOT2), F-box containing flavin binding proteins (ZTL, FKF1, and (LKP2), and UV-B RESISTANCE LOCUS 8 (UVR8). These photoreceptors are biologically activated by various light signals, subsequently initiating a large scale of transcriptional reprogramming at the whole genome level. Extensive genetic and biochemical studies have established that the ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 (HY5), a bZIP-type transcription factor, tightly controls the light-regulated transcriptional alternation. Loss of HY5 function mutant seedlings display drastically elongated hypocotyls in various light conditions, suggesting that HY5 acts downstream of multiple photoreceptors in promoting photomorphogenesis in plants. In addition to inhibiting hypocotyl growth, HY5 regulates other various physiological and developmental processes including root growth, pigment biosynthesis and accumulation, responses to various hormonal signals, and low and high temperatures. This review summarizes the recent advances and progress in HY5-regulated cellular, physiological, and developmental processes in various plant species. We also highlighted emerging insights regarding the HY5-mediated integration of multiple developmental, external, and internal signaling inputs in the regulation of plant growth. Among the genes regulated by the circadian clock, we found that the excision repair protein XPA is controlled by the biological clock, and we, therefore, asked whether the entire nucleotide excision repair oscillates with daily periodicity. XPA transcription and protein levels are at a maximum at around 5 pm and at a minimum at around 5 am. Importantly, the entire excision repair activity shows the same pattern. This led to the prediction that mice would be more sensitive to UV light when exposed at 5 am (when repair is low), compared to 5 pm (when repair is high). We proceeded to test this prediction. We irradiated two groups of mice with UV at 5 am and 5 pm, respectively, and found that the group irradiated at 5 am exhibited a 4–5 fold higher incidence of invasive skin carcinoma than the group irradiated at 5 pm. Currently, we are investigating whether this rhythmicity of excision repair exists in humans. Molecular mechanism of the mammalian circadian clock. CLOCK and BMAL1 are transcriptional activators, which form a CLOCK-BMAL1 heterodimer that binds to the E-box sequence (CACGTG) in the promoters of Cry and Per genes to activate their transcription. CRY and PER are transcriptional repressors, and after an appropriate time delay following protein synthesis and nuclear entry, they inhibit their own transcription, thus causing the rise and fall of CRY and PER levels with circa 24-hour periodicity (core clock). The core clock proteins also act on other genes that have E-boxes in their regulatory regions. As a consequence, about 30% of all genes are clock-controlled genes (CCG) in a given tissue and hence exhibit daily rhythmicity. Among these genes, the Xpa gene, which is essential for nucleotide excision repair, is also controlled by the clock. Circadian control of excision repair and photocarcinogenesis in mice. The core circadian clock machinery controls the rhythmic expression of XPA, such that XPA RNA and protein levels are at a minimum at 5 am and at a maximum at 5 pm. The entire excision repair system, therefore, exhibits the same type of daily periodicity. As a consequence, when mice are irradiated with UVB at 5 am they develop invasive skin carcinoma at about 5-fold higher frequency compared to mice irradiated at 5 pm when repair is at its maximum. The mouse in the picture belongs to the 5 am group with multiple invasive skin carcinomas at the conclusion of the experiment.

Switched the light to flower 2 days ago. Did some LST here and there to improve light penetration for the lower branches. I see a lot of new green in between the fan leaves. The light is off from 11pm till 11am and on from 11am till 11pm. Last time I watered her was 10 days ago. The 30Liter pot holds the water pretty good which makes it less stressful for me :) the pot was lighter today so I fed her around 8-10 Liters tap water where I added around 40ml of Bio Bloom (recommended is 50ml/10L). So far there are no signs of flower yet but I mean it’s only the second day after the switch.

Another demanding week for these ladies but they have reached a milestone. Week 8, and my custom fit SCROG has been installed! ❤️ At Day 50 I separated my 7 gallon girls and my 5 gallon girl. Once done, I began the very easy process of adding my “floating” SCROG. I use ratchet straps, just like the ones that come with lights to secure the four corners of the screen to the top of my tent. This allows me to adjust the screen height as necessary when 1) first installing and 2) once the full stretch of flower has occurred, I can tweak it a bit to balance the canopy as best as possible. It’s not 100%, I still get some over achievers, but I find it useful as another option. I like to do a major defoliation before I set the ladies in. Typically till this time, I have done almost no defoliation, just LST and some HST techniques. I adjusted the ladies placement to allow growth out all sides of the screen, set the screen height and began tucking and bending. The defoliation and bending allows light to penetrate all those side shoots that would have amounted to nothing, and they become top shoots as they grow up and form an even canopy. I don’t like to weave, it can damage the new shoots and cause growth problems, but the goal is to get as even a coverage as you can while allowing for plant growth in all directions. Once complete, I will give the girls about a week to recover and grow those new shoots. I like to have about 80% coverage of the screen, before I change my light cycles to flower 12/12… and if they are healthy and strong. I’ll decide this weekend if it is time ❤️👊🇨🇦😎 Happy Gardening!

On day 1 things are going well. The buds are getting larger by the day and I'm starting to smell the terps. This is an interesting one, I can't figure it out just yet but there seems to be grapefruit in the background at least. I also did my last defoliation to bring in more light to the canopy. On day 3 the girls are doing well. My PH pen broke so I'm back to indicator drops until amazon hooks me up with a new probe. On day 4 the plants are doing well. I applied my final BTI treatment. The fungus gnat population is way down and almost completely eradicated. The girls are putting on more trichs everyday and the smell is increasing :) On day 5 I see no more fungus gnats :) I should receive my PH pen tomorrow and will finally be able to adjust my reservoirs pH with more precision. On day 6 the plants are doing well. On day 7 my new PH pen was ready for use. I discovered my reservoir got down to 5.5 PH yikes! I used PH up to get the PH to 6.1. I then changed out my reservoir with new nutrients. I PH'ed to 6.1

Hallo zusammen 🤙. Das war es jetzt für sie wir sehen uns in 3 Wochen für den Erntebericht 🤙

Cosechas asombrosas con XpertNutrients, el clima no ha ayudado pero ya tengo algo de hierba para fumar. Gran calidad,tiene un aroma muy potente a gasolina y fresas. Estoy deseando darle una calada, mas tarde actualizaré las notas de humo.

Hello growmies 👩‍🌾👨‍🌾🌲🌲, 👋 Stretch continues, girls look doing good 🦔 coming Start to smeel out the tent, I've up the extractor. Weather continues to be very cold, should be up next week 💪 Keep Working on the canope, removing leaves and under buds site. 💧 Give water each 2/3 day And vaporise plant with water + Plagron Roots (1ml/l) 2 l Water + Roots + Bloom + Zym + Sugar Royal (1 + 3 + 1 + 1 ml/l) PH @6 💡Mars Hydro - FC 3000 50% 42 cm. Mars Hydro Fan kit Setting 6 Have a good week and see you next week 👋 Thanks community for follow, likes, comments, always a pleasure 👩‍🌾👨‍🌾❤️🌲 Mars Hydro - Smart FC3000 300W Samsung LM301B LED Grow Light💡💡 https://www.mars-hydro.com/fc-3000-samsung-lm301b-led-grow-light Mars Hydro - 6 Inch Inline Fan And Carbon Filter Combo With Thermostat Controller 💨💨 https://www.mars-hydro.com/6-inch-inline-duct-fan-and-carbon-filter-combo-with-thermostat-controller Anesia Seeds - High Mars 36% THC🌲🌲 https://anesiaseeds.com/product/high-mars/

GENERAL COMMENT. WEEK 5 OF FLOWER. Ok guys, this week ran ok for one girl and less for her sister, so i will go on details individually. RQS STRESS KILLER AUTOMATIC COMMENT. Beautiful girl getting bigger everyday, i’m very satisfied overall, she is fast and have lots of terpenes, and started heavy resin production. Super strong, absolutely no issue at all for now. I’m imagining to start flushing this week or the next will decide this days to come, but this grow will be max 12 weeks. Not reading the runoff on this girl as everything is just amazing. Maybe will backbuild some colas to compare. EC at 2.2, released a lot of N now, but still did a good feeding, it might be the last, or max one more before the flush. Will be flushing with flawless finish in the last week.

Such beauties, it's a pleasure to watch them grow! And yes, the mites are spreading, but I don't think they will do that much damage. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

24-04-21 Se cambia la solución y se realiza un lavado de raíces. Para bajar la conductividad de las raíces de 2.08 a 0.2 ms para que la solución nueva sea más efectiva. Se corrige el PH a 5.8. La solución tiene 2.2 ms y 5.5 PH. Se añade una pastilla de CO2. 25-04-21 PH 5.8 Conductividad 2.10 ms 26-04-21 PH 5.9 Conductividad 1.99 ms 27-04-21 PH 5.8 Conductividad 1.90 ms 28-04-21 Se corrige el PH de 5.1 PH 5.8 Conductividad 1.92 ms. Se mezcla con agua de grifo y queda 1.04 ms 29-04-21 Se corrige el PH de 5.2 PH 5.8 Conductividad 1.17 ms. 30-04-21 Se corrige el PH de 5 PH 5.8 Conductividad 1.37 ms.

Well, this strain is surely flowering for a long time, it's still stretching. I wonder if it will stop stretching and start fattening the buds this week... Anyhow, one of the reasons why I don't defoliate much is because the plant does that by itself. When the lower leaves receive almost no light (because all the light is blocked by the thick growing canopy) they start to send their nutrients to the top. When they are donez they just fall off on their own. You see, leaves are like solar panels AND nutrient reserves! Just make sure this process is slow and the leaves that receive light are still very healthy and green. If many leaves are falling or if they fall really fast you gotta make sure is not a deficiency or nutrient lockout! ... Again just water your plant with bloom formula (and a bit of calmag) to an EC that allows you to maintain the plant heathly and the runoff not to high (in my case 1mS/cm). Remember to alternate nutrients and pHd tap water. That's pretty much all left to do from here to harvest. Obviously if you see something wrong try to correct it. Day 66 update. I dropped something on my plant. It bended one branch very badly and severed some leaves and a bud :( Well, accidents happen. Luckily cannabis is a very very resilient plant, one might be surprised at how much this plants can take. Anyhow, taped everything together loosely, pulled the most bent branches upwards with a thread and I will wait for it to heal... If everything goes well, this branches should be even stronger than the others. Let's hope that's my fate! Update day 69. Although I have been feeding with 1.0 mS/cm once, then pHd water then feed again, the run off from today measured 3.0 mS/cm ! It's climbing still. I flushed again, until the runoff was at 1.5 mS/cm. I think I understand what happened, my theory is that the plant needs a lot more water now, but not as many more nutrients. So it takes the 2.5 daily liters of water, but it might only eat the nutrients in 1lt of water, so the rest stays on the roots and accumulates, raising the EC of the soil. So far, by checking EC on the soil once every week or two I have avoided nutrient toxicity and lockout. I think there are two options, either lowering the concentration of nutrients I feed it (so 2.5 lts a day will contain less dissolved nutrients), or spacing out the feedings with more intermediate waterings of plain water. I think I am going to go with the former, next week I will try feeding an EC of 0.8 mS/cm on 3L then tap water and so on from next week on. I prefer to underfeed than to overfeed, which is what I recommend for other boobs, it's better to have some yield than to risk killing the plant. We will get better with time...

4/1/25 She has super long, almost spider web type pistils that are super beautiful. I can see the calyxs packing on under neath the pistils and forming the buds. She has a nice stacking to her. Maybe 6+ nodal cola. Shining, fuzzy, glistening trichomes stretching out across the fan leaves. Top Dressed with 2Tsp of Bloom, 1tsp of Microbe Charge, and 1Tsp Bloom Booster. Ive also been trying a new method for the top dressing efficacy. I got the idea while watching build a soil using the earth box. I have started covering the soil with some aluminum foil to kind of act as a cover so the feeder roots will come up to where the top dressing is. which seems to be working fairly well and simply. 4/6/25 She is producing super nicely so far. Seems to be thinner, longer buds. But i can visibly see the buds forming calyxes underneath the pistils. Very bulbous and full calyx stacking 4/7/25 the buds are starting to pack on some weight. everything looks happy and

wonderfull colours and smell, plant is looking fine, i see another 2/3 weeks from now, for a full development of the buds. heavy and frequent rain occurring, didn't have to water so much, hope it get better from here to the cut. i am gonna decrease on the nutrients, to make them disappear in 10-15 days and a have a full week on just pure water. the quality of the smell is incredible, very sugar-candy like, not so citric.

Starting to see flowers now,did some pruning,took off big fan leaves and some other little ones to get more light in,has been 2 days rain https://youtu.be/3oju_Zeh7_E

420 Fastbuds Week 1 Gorilla Zkittlez Auto Hey hey what up grow family. Started another couple seeds from 420Fastbuds of this amazing looking strain Cherry Cola Auto. Germination started on 9/21 and 48hrs later after soaking in a glass of water they where put into the soil. Fast forward 48 more hours and we have sprouts that appear to be healthy. All in all Happy Growing

Last week, fed the plant the plant with a dose of Top Bud, just at the begginning of this week, and then, i will be flushing until she is done...so last photos with nutrients, next days she should be yellowing :) Hairs were like 50% orange at the beggining of the week, but some buds need to develope more so i think the timming will be fine im trying to flush for 1 to 2 weeks, until she is done, with like 90-100% of brown hairs Good vibez GD !!!

So it's the day 9 of flower start of week 2 and she is really starting to stretch!!! I'm trying to only feed her a couple litres at a time to reduce the amount of humidity in there and to make sure she dries out a bit more regularly...so far it's staying around 45% which is pretty damn good 😁👊 So day 13 of flower 31/08/21 and she is FLYING! even after the heavy defoliation!! I've still got about 9 days of upward growth to go she's staying quite squat though perhaps because she's 60% indica or maybe I should have vegged a week or 2 longer.. first grow live and learn lol Last feed she had was Monday 29/08 and she drank 4L of full dose nutes and so far so good no burn 😁🔥stays at 2ml per litre of bloom feed for another week and I also picked up some "Rezin" to stimulate trichome production that will be going in next time More pictures to follow next week! Peace!!

Hello all and welcome to the much anticipated beginning of vegetation for these five Epsilon F1 Autos from Royal Queen Seeds. Allow me to introduce Ally, Normani, Lauren, Dinah, and Camila. All five girls have pushed put their 2nd node (3 fingers) and node 3 is on the way out. I expect all five girls to take off from here, and so the next seven days are going to be big. I will start fertigation today. For comparison purposes the Day 1 here means Day 1 of veg. For Ally, Normani, and Lauren this is day 11 since breaking ground, for Dinah day 10, and for Camila it is day 9. For the rest of this grow I will increment days from here but it's really easy to work out days since breaking ground as it is a simple matter of day + 10, 9, or 8 respectively. Day 1: Fertigated 2l. Day 2: Right ok. Can you actually believe this response in 24h? The poor girls were STARVING. Wow look at the change in color! Wow look at the growth!! Ally is most advanced, Camila least. It is fascinating so see them develop! They are growing faster and faster now. So let us talk about the elephant in the room a little bit. Phenotypes. At the moment there is absolutely no evidence to suggest that this crop will be anything other than uniform. Nevertheless there are some clear differences in some of the girls. So let's have a look shall we: Ally (center), Normani (closest to the middle purple basil), and Lauren (opposite side to Normani): These three girls are not quite identical, but it is a pretty challenging game of spot the difference. Dinah: Okay so Dinah is coming in noticeably darker than her sisters, with a little more tendency to claw, and with quite a bit larger and more angular serrations. Her first leaves are also a different shape. Camila: Little Camila had a twin, but I killed her with some overzealous tweezing before I realised what I had. She came in with only one cotyledon, and she came in last. Her first leaves are quite different to the rest of Fifth Harmony. She is also showing slighty more narrow leaves. She is lastly also very slightly more pale than her sisters. Are these phenotype differences? I mean in terms of the environment, feeding, watering, substrate, temperature, light, airflow... well these girls are all in the same pot, so unless I am particularly haphazard in my mixing and fertigation (which I can assure you I am not) I do not think it likely that these ladies have significant enough environmental difference to account for these quite clear visual differences. I am absolutely fascinated to continue to witness this, and it has only now occurred to me what a great privilege it is to be able to grow the world first F1 cannabis hybrids, and what an astounding honor to be one of the very first hobby growers to do so! The fact that RQS made this happen by not only supplying the seeds and other merch and goodies, but also sending expedited international shipping so as to fit within my arbitrary timescales is almost unbelievable. When these guys (on their website) say that it is their belief and mission to forge the path to worldwide legalisation, they are not hollow corporate whispers, it is their core of being. Cannabis everywhere is truly blessed to have such a worthy and proactive ambassador. Bravo RQS! I have adjusted the timer such that the main tent is now getting 20/4 upped from 18/6. After monitoring DLI at 18/6 for a week I am unhappy with the overall level but because of the varying heights of the plants I am limited in what I can do in adjusting the light height. Some areas were only getting 20 DLI. So I have rearranged to have the taller plants on the edges and the lowest in the middle and doing it this way all plants are getting between 35 and 50 DLI at 20/4 - although one or two cola tips here and there are getting 55. Will monitor for a week. Day 3: Well look at this growth again!! These ladies have responded to feeding really well. Fertigated 3l. Day 4: Growth is accelerating fast, these ladies will be ready for their first training soon. I am starting to formulate an idea what to do. I am thinking of topping Ally and LST on the rest. Day 6: Fertigated 3l. Ladies growing fast now. Will soon be time to start training. However! The secondary nodes are developing strongly. Hmmm Day 7: Fertigated 3l. Defoliated the three fingered leaves from Ally and tucked the five fingered under other plants. End if week summary: Well when they said "hybrid vigour" they were not joking. Look at day 1 and day 7 side by side after approx 6 days into veg growth. Wow.

Trichomes ripens Up . Good amount already brown on one plant. 1/3 of plants will be used for Bubble Hash -- live Rosin Last little defoliation 1-2 Weeks to go