it's amazing, this growth looks much better than my first attempt, my decision was to put a smaller pot and change the light - the girl really liked it, FastBuds goriilla cookies with a small space manage perfectly:).

Doing great. Bottoms cleaned, waiting for a day or two to do a major defoliation. 17.11 Vast defoliation. All the bottom leaves and mids. Left around 4 top fan leaves On every branch. 19.11 Plants recovered perfectly, light is back to 100% . Unfortunately my Bluetooth app for mars hydro stopped working. Light cannot pair anymore with the app. Also irrigation is changed to vegetative crop steering.

Transplanted from 0.25 to 1 gallon pot This is the first transplant of two. I will let these build.a root ball for 3 to 4 week and then do the final transplant into a 7 gallon pot. Installed blumats as well for irrigation. Crover crop added

After 48 hours of darkness, the time had come and the Purple Lemonade were ready for harvest. Since she reacted very well to the training and grew with enough space between the buds, I decided to dry upside down. Dry weight and smoke report follow after curing. Stay tuned...

d.64 more a forest than sea of green ;)

These two girls are moving along just fine in the 3 gal pots.Was going to transplant these two into bigger pots earlier on but decided not to.They are in a 60 inch high tent and I want to keep them short and stout.I did a lot more defoliation and fed some cal mag and recharge this week.I did top dress with Gaia green power bloom and they seem to be taking it nicely.

Day36, 37, 38: Seems to be growing a set of leaves per day now. Super growth! Stretching to the top. Day39: I had a hiccup with the camera. For some reason it stopped responding at 04:30 in the morning. I only realized it much later. I still don't really know why, but reseating the data ribbon fixed the issue. Day40: After fixing the camera, I decided to take this view again. The Lady is starting to show some nice growth and this view will show it best. If you look carefully, you'll see that her branches are not green, but rather reddish. Definitely related to genetics :) Everything else is within limits. Plus, the leaves look super healthy. Day41: Here you can see the stem colour better.

Did a pretty good job on my first grow

2024, 2160, Tallest bud LI 1600-1800ppfd. Supplementary side LI 1400ppfd. I've really been having a hard time, with a slew of other problems, one by one no remedy seemed to yield answers. Then after much study, what I was looking for found me. I just thought I would share some of my research to prevent other growers from having the same problems I've had. What the Cannabis community commonly thinks of as nutrient burn, pH issue, or deficiency is actually the result of Chlorine and Chloramine in Cannabis. Chlorine and Chloramine problems will present themselves in multiple ways. The symptoms are burnt leaf tips (reddish brown tinge about 1-4mm in length that points up), rusted spots, naturally torn leaves that shrivel where broken, and reddish brown micro spots on your leaves. You may also experience narrower fan leaves. When in flower, buds take 2-3 weeks longer to hit their stride and will never hit their full potential. You won't get massive buds if your plant has been in contact with too much Chlorine and Chloramine. Chlorine is only a micronutrient and your plant requires it in only very small quantities. If using tap water, you'll hear commonly that you need to bubble off your water for the chlorine to evaporate because it can kill the good bacteria in the water. This problem is only the tip of the iceberg. Chloramine is said to do the same thing but it cannot be bubbled off, and both (especially Chloramine) cause a wide range of other problems. Now the real kicker is what is actually going on inside the plant. Chloramine and Chlorine were studied in an article titled "Redox agents regulate ion channel activity in vacuoles from higher plant cells," the author tells us that Chloramine irreversibly damages flowering plant vacuoles resulting in the inability of the exposed channel to transport ions. A good quote from the abstract of the article "The regulation of channel activation by glutathione may correlate ion transport with other crucial mechanisms that in plants control turgor regulation, response to oxidative stresses, detoxification, and resistance to heavy metals." Further reading will tell you that Chloramine is directly responsible for a wide range of internal problems. I'm no chemist or horticultural, but this clearly tells me that flowering plants are significantly inhibited from reaching their potential when exposed to Chloramine. Do yourself a favor and use only the best quality of water for your plant by using a filtration device to remove Chlorine and Chloramine. Lesson Learned here for me, lets hope she can recover. Solutions. Ultraviolet light The use of ultraviolet light for chlorine or chloramine removal is an established technology that has been widely accepted in pharmaceutical, beverage, and dialysis applications.UV is also used for disinfection at aquatic facilities. Ascorbic acid and sodium ascorbate Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and sodium ascorbate completely neutralize both chlorine and chloramine, but degrade in a day or two, which makes them usable only for short-term applications. SFPUC determined that 1000 mg of vitamin C tablets, crushed and mixed in with bath water, completely remove chloramine in a medium-size bathtub without significantly depressing pH. Activated carbon Activated carbon has been used for chloramine removal long before catalytic carbon, a form of activated carbon, became available[citation needed]; standard activated carbon requires a very long contact time, which means a large volume of carbon is needed. For thorough removal, up to four times the contact time of catalytic carbon may be required.[citation needed] Most dialysis units now depend on granular activated carbon (GAC) filters, two of which should be placed in series so that chloramine breakthrough can be detected after the first one, before the second one fails. Additionally, sodium metabisulfite injection may be used in certain circumstances. [full citation needed] Campden tablets Home brewers use reducing agents such as sodium metabisulfite or potassium metabisulfite (both proprietorially sold as Campden tablets) to remove chloramine from brewing fermented beverages. However, residual sulfite can cause off flavors in beer so potassium metabisulfite is preferred. Sodium thiosulfate Sodium thiosulfate is used to dechlorinate tapwater for aquariums or treat effluent from wastewater treatments prior to release into rivers[citation needed]. The reduction reaction is analogous to the iodine reduction reaction. Treatment of tapwater requires between 0.1 and 0.3 grams of pentahydrated (crystalline) sodium thiosulfate per 10 L of water[citation needed]. Many animals are sensitive to chloramine, and it must be removed from water given to many animals in zoos.[citation needed] Other methods Chloramine, like chlorine, can be removed by boiling and aging. However, time required to remove chloramine is much longer than that of chlorine. The time required to remove half of the chloramine (half-life) from 10 US gallons (38 L; 8.3 imp gal) of water by boiling is 26.6 minutes, whereas the half-life of free chlorine in boiling 10 gallons of water is only 1.8 minutes. Aging may take weeks to remove chloramines, whereas chlorine disappears in a few days.

Strawberry Amnesia is growing well. She hasmd a solution change today. I will likely be changing her to flowering next update. Everything is looking good. Thank you Spider Farmer, Athena, and Herbies Seeds. 🤜🏻🤛🏻🌱🌱🌱 Thank you grow diaries community for the 👇likes👇, follows, comments, and subscriptions on my YouTube channel👇. ❄️🌱🍻 Happy Growing 🌱🌱🌱 https://youtube.com/channel/UCAhN7yRzWLpcaRHhMIQ7X4g.

Runtz Punch is growing strong. She has reached maturity and is ready to flower. She will need some hst at some point for sure. Probably switch to flowering in a week. Thank you Spider Farmer, Athena, and Herbies Seeds. 🤜🏻🤛🏻🌱🌱🌱 Thank you grow diaries community for the 👇likes👇, follows, comments, and subscriptions on my YouTube channel👇. ❄️🌱🍻 Happy Growing 🌱🌱🌱 https://youtube.com/channel/UCAhN7yRzWLpcaRHhMIQ7X4g

Semana segue bem, planta ainda bebe bastante água.

2024, 2160, Tallest bud LI 1600-1800ppfd. Supplementary side LI 1400ppfd. I've really been having a hard time, with a slew of other problems, one by one no remedy seemed to yield answers. Then after much study, what I was looking for found me. I just thought I would share some of my research to prevent other growers from having the same problems I've had. What the Cannabis community commonly thinks of as nutrient burn, pH issue, or deficiency is actually the result of Chlorine and Chloramine in Cannabis. Chlorine and Chloramine problems will present themselves in multiple ways. The symptoms are burnt leaf tips (reddish brown tinge about 1-4mm in length that points up), rusted spots, naturally torn leaves that shrivel where broken, and reddish brown micro spots on your leaves. You may also experience narrower fan leaves. When in flower, buds take 2-3 weeks longer to hit their stride and will never hit their full potential. You won't get massive buds if your plant has been in contact with too much Chlorine and Chloramine. Chlorine is only a micronutrient and your plant requires it in only very small quantities. If using tap water, you'll hear commonly that you need to bubble off your water for the chlorine to evaporate because it can kill the good bacteria in the water. This problem is only the tip of the iceberg. Chloramine is said to do the same thing but it cannot be bubbled off, and both (especially Chloramine) cause a wide range of other problems. Now the real kicker is what is actually going on inside the plant. Chloramine and Chlorine were studied in an article titled "Redox agents regulate ion channel activity in vacuoles from higher plant cells," the author tells us that Chloramine irreversibly damages flowering plant vacuoles resulting in the inability of the exposed channel to transport ions. A good quote from the abstract of the article "The regulation of channel activation by glutathione may correlate ion transport with other crucial mechanisms that in plants control turgor regulation, response to oxidative stresses, detoxification, and resistance to heavy metals." Further reading will tell you that Chloramine is directly responsible for a wide range of internal problems. I'm no chemist or horticultural, but this clearly tells me that flowering plants are significantly inhibited from reaching their potential when exposed to Chloramine. Do yourself a favor and use only the best quality of water for your plant by using a filtration device to remove Chlorine and Chloramine. Solutions. Ultraviolet light The use of ultraviolet light for chlorine or chloramine removal is an established technology that has been widely accepted in pharmaceutical, beverage, and dialysis applications.UV is also used for disinfection at aquatic facilities. Ascorbic acid and sodium ascorbate Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and sodium ascorbate completely neutralize both chlorine and chloramine, but degrade in a day or two, which makes them usable only for short-term applications. SFPUC determined that 1000 mg of vitamin C tablets, crushed and mixed in with bath water, completely remove chloramine in a medium-size bathtub without significantly depressing pH. Activated carbon Activated carbon has been used for chloramine removal long before catalytic carbon, a form of activated carbon, became available[citation needed]; standard activated carbon requires a very long contact time, which means a large volume of carbon is needed. For thorough removal, up to four times the contact time of catalytic carbon may be required.[citation needed] Most dialysis units now depend on granular activated carbon (GAC) filters, two of which should be placed in series so that chloramine breakthrough can be detected after the first one, before the second one fails. Additionally, sodium metabisulfite injection may be used in certain circumstances. [full citation needed] Campden tablets Home brewers use reducing agents such as sodium metabisulfite or potassium metabisulfite (both proprietorially sold as Campden tablets) to remove chloramine from brewing fermented beverages. However, residual sulfite can cause off flavors in beer so potassium metabisulfite is preferred. Sodium thiosulfate Sodium thiosulfate is used to dechlorinate tapwater for aquariums or treat effluent from wastewater treatments prior to release into rivers[citation needed]. The reduction reaction is analogous to the iodine reduction reaction. Treatment of tapwater requires between 0.1 and 0.3 grams of pentahydrated (crystalline) sodium thiosulfate per 10 L of water[citation needed]. Many animals are sensitive to chloramine, and it must be removed from water given to many animals in zoos.[citation needed] Other methods Chloramine, like chlorine, can be removed by boiling and aging. However, time required to remove chloramine is much longer than that of chlorine. The time required to remove half of the chloramine (half-life) from 10 US gallons (38 L; 8.3 imp gal) of water by boiling is 26.6 minutes, whereas the half-life of free chlorine in boiling 10 gallons of water is only 1.8 minutes. Aging may take weeks to remove chloramines, whereas chlorine disappears in a few days.

Candy is doing good. She had a solution change today. She is due for a good defoliation. I also will be switching to flowering soon. Everything is going great. Thank you Spider Farmer, Athena, and Divine Seeds. 🤜🏻🤛🏻🌱🌱🌱 Thank you grow diaries community for the 👇likes👇, follows, comments, and subscriptions on my YouTube channel👇. ❄️🌱🍻 Happy Growing 🌱🌱🌱 https://youtube.com/channel/UCAhN7yRzWLpcaRHhMIQ7X4g.

The “Secret Hymnody” (sections 17-20) is presented as a litany for worship, to be performed twice each day, at sunrise and sunset. It's interesting to note that while the sunrise worship is performed facing east, the sunset worship is done to the south; Egyptian tradition from Pharaonic times onward saw the west as the direction of death. The usual difficulties with the multiple meanings of the Greek word logos appear in the translation, compounded by Mead's awkward style. Additionally, one of Mead's few evasions can be found in section 12, where he relates the twelve Tormentors to the “twelve types-of-life”. This should more simply, and more accurately, have been translated as “the twelve signs of the Zodiac”. Hermes: Torment the first is this Not-knowing, son; the second one is Grief; the third, Intemperance; the fourth, Concupiscence; the fifth, Unrighteousness; the sixth is Avarice; the seventh, Error; the eighth is Envy; the ninth, Guile; the tenth is Anger; eleventh, Rashness; the twelfth is Malice. These are in number twelve; but under them are many more, my son; and creeping through the prison of the body they force the man that's placed therein to suffer in his senses. But they depart (though not all at once) from him who hath been taken pity on by God; and this it is which constitutes the manner of Rebirth. And… the Reason (Logos). 8. And now, my son, be still and solemn silence keep! Thus shall the mercy that flows on us from God not cease. Henceforth rejoice, O son, for by the Powers of God thou art being purified for the articulation of the Reason (Logos). Gnosis of God hath come to us, and when this comes, my son, Not-knowing is cast out. Gnosis of Joy hath come to us, and on its coming, son, Sorrow will flee away to them who give it room. The Power that follows Joy do I invoke, thy Self-control. O Power most sweet! Let us most gladly bid it welcome, son! How with its coming doth it chase Intemperance away! 9. Now fourth, on Continence I call, the Power against Desire. This step, my son, is Righteousness' firm seat. For without judgement see how she hath chased Unrighteousness away. We are made righteous, son, by the departure of Unrighteousness. Power sixth I call to us - that against Avarice, Sharing-with-all. And now that Avarice is gone, I call on Truth. And Error flees, and Truth is with us. See how [the measure of] the Good is full, my son, upon Truth's coming. For Envy is gone from us; and unto Truth is joined the Good as well, with Life and Light. And now no more doth any torment of the Darkness venture nigh, but vanquished [all] have fled with whirring wings. 10. Thou knowest [now], my son, the manner of Rebirth. And when the Ten is come, my son, that driveth out the Twelve, the Birth in understanding is complete, and by this birth we are made into Gods. Who then doth by His mercy gain this Birth in God, abandoning the body's senses, knows himself [to be of Light and Life] and that he doth consist of these, and [thus] is filled with bliss. 11. Tat: By God made steadfast, father, no longer with the sight my eyes afford I look on things, but with the energy the Mind doth give me through the Powers. In Heaven am I, in earth, in water, air; I am in animals, in plants; I'm in the womb, before the womb, after the womb; I'm everywhere! But further tell me this: How are the torments of the Darkness, when they are twelve in number, driven out by the ten Powers? What is the way of it, Thrice-greatest one? 12. Hermes: This dwelling-place through which we have just passed , my son, is constituted from the circle of the twelve types-of-life, this being composed of elements, twelve in number, but of one nature, an omniform idea. For man's delusion there are disunions in them, son, while in their action they are one. Not only can we never part Rashness from Wrath; they cannot even be distinguished. According to right reason (logos), then, they naturally withdraw once and for all, in as much as they are chased out by no less than ten powers, that is, the Ten. For, son, the Ten is that which giveth birth to souls. And Life and Light are unified there, where the One hath being from the Spirit. According then to reason (logos) the One contains the Ten, the Ten the One. 13. Tat: Father, I see the All, I see myself in Mind. Hermes: This is, my son, Rebirth - no more to look on things from body's view-point (a thing three ways in space extended)… , though this Sermon (Logos) on Rebirth, on which I did not comment - in order that we may not be calumniators of the All unto the multitude, to whom indeed God Himself doth will we should not. 14. Tat: Tell me, O father: This Body which is made up of the Powers, is it at any time dissolved? Hermes: Hush, [son]! Speak not of things impossible, else wilt thou sin and thy Mind's eye be quenched. The natural body which our sense perceives is far removed from this essential birth. The first must be dissolved, the last can never be; the first must die, the last death cannot touch. Dost thou not know thou hast been born a God, Son of the One, even as I myself?

She looks well with her leaves fading the Double Kush Cake is still holding up in the latter stage. Her trichrome bracts are swelling up nicely and her stigmas are beginning to dull off. The lady received no nutrients for the last two weeks to prepare for her final flush. She stands at approximately 60cm from the soil!

2024, 2160, Tallest bud LI 1600-1800ppfd. Supplementary side LI 1400ppfd. I've really been having a hard time This describes what Im experiencing without a doubt in my mind, I thought it was a slew of other problems, one by.one they seemed to yield no answer with each remedy. Then after much study, what I was looking for found me. Just thought I would share some of my research in an aim to prevent other growers from having the same problems I've had. What the Cannabis community commonly thinks of as nutrient burn, pH issue, or deficiency is actually the result of Chlorine and Chloramine in Cannabis. Chlorine and Chloramine problems will present themselves in multiple ways. The symptoms are burnt leaf tips (reddish brown tinge about 1-4mm in length that point up), rusted spots, naturally torn leaves that shrivel where broken, and a reddish brown micro spots on your leaves. You may also experience narrower fan leaves. When in flower, buds take 2-3 weeks longer to hit their stride and will never hit their full potential. You wont get massive buds if your plant has been in contact with to much Chlorine and Chloramine. Chlorine, is only a micronutrient and your plant requires it in only very small quantities. If using tap water, you'll hear commonly that you need to bubble off your water for the chlorine to evaporate because it can kill the good bacteria in the water. This problem is only the tip of the iceberg. Chloramine is said to do the same thing but it cannot be bubbled off, and both (especially Chloramine) causes a wide range of other problems. Now the real kicker is what is actually going on inside the plant. Chloramine and Chlorine were studied in an article titled "Redox agents regulate ion channel activity in vacuoles from higher plant cells," the author tells us that Chloramine irreversibly damages flowering plants vacuoles resulting in the inability for the exposed channel to transport ions. A good quote from the articles abstract "The regulation of channel activation by glutathione may correlate ion transport with other crucial mechanisms that in plants control turgor regulation, response to oxidative stresses, detoxification and resistance to heavy metals." Further reading will tell you that Chloramine is directly responsible for a wide range of internal problems. I'm no chemist or horticultural, but this clearly tells me that flowering plants are significantly inhibited from reaching their potential when exposed to Chloramine. Do yourself a favor and use only the best quality of water for your plant by using a filtration device to remove Chlorine and Chloramine. Solutions. Ultraviolet light The use of ultraviolet light for chlorine or chloramine removal is an established technology that has been widely accepted in pharmaceutical, beverage, and dialysis applications.UV is also used for disinfection at aquatic facilities. Ascorbic acid and sodium ascorbate Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and sodium ascorbate completely neutralize both chlorine and chloramine, but degrade in a day or two, which makes them usable only for short-term applications. SFPUC determined that 1000 mg of vitamin C tablets, crushed and mixed in with bath water, completely remove chloramine in a medium-size bathtub without significantly depressing pH. Activated carbon Activated carbon has been used for chloramine removal long before catalytic carbon, a form of activated carbon, became available[citation needed]; standard activated carbon requires a very long contact time, which means a large volume of carbon is needed. For thorough removal, up to four times the contact time of catalytic carbon may be required.[citation needed] Most dialysis units now depend on granular activated carbon (GAC) filters, two of which should be placed in series so that chloramine breakthrough can be detected after the first one, before the second one fails. Additionally, sodium metabisulfite injection may be used in certain circumstances. [full citation needed] Campden tablets Home brewers use reducing agents such as sodium metabisulfite or potassium metabisulfite (both proprietorially sold as Campden tablets) to remove chloramine from brewing fermented beverages. However, residual sulfite can cause off flavors in beer so potassium metabisulfite is preferred. Sodium thiosulfate Sodium thiosulfate is used to dechlorinate tapwater for aquariums or treat effluent from wastewater treatments prior to release into rivers[citation needed]. The reduction reaction is analogous to the iodine reduction reaction. Treatment of tapwater requires between 0.1 and 0.3 grams of pentahydrated (crystalline) sodium thiosulfate per 10 L of water[citation needed]. Many animals are sensitive to chloramine, and it must be removed from water given to many animals in zoos.[citation needed] Other methods Chloramine, like chlorine, can be removed by boiling and aging. However, time required to remove chloramine is much longer than that of chlorine. The time required to remove half of the chloramine (half-life) from 10 US gallons (38 L; 8.3 imp gal) of water by boiling is 26.6 minutes, whereas the half-life of free chlorine in boiling 10 gallons of water is only 1.8 minutes. Aging may take weeks to remove chloramines, whereas chlorine disappears in a few days.

Gibberellin really made her leggy. let's hope it makes her extra flowery too. Tallest bud LI 1600-1800ppfd. Supplementary side LI 1400ppfd. I've really been having a hard time This describes what Im experiencing without a doubt in my mind, I thought it was a slew of other problems, one by.one they seemed to yield no answer with each remedy. Then after much study, what I was looking for found me. Just thought I would share some of my research in an aim to prevent other growers from having the same problems I've had. What the Cannabis community commonly thinks of as nutrient burn, pH issue, or deficiency is actually the result of Chlorine and Chloramine in Cannabis. Chlorine and Chloramine problems will present themselves in multiple ways. The symptoms are burnt leaf tips (reddish brown tinge about 1-4mm in length that point up), rusted spots, naturally torn leaves that shrivel where broken, and a reddish brown micro spots on your leaves. You may also experience narrower fan leaves. When in flower, buds take 2-3 weeks longer to hit their stride and will never hit their full potential. You wont get massive buds if your plant has been in contact with to much Chlorine and Chloramine. Chlorine, is only a micronutrient and your plant requires it in only very small quantities. If using tap water, you'll hear commonly that you need to bubble off your water for the chlorine to evaporate because it can kill the good bacteria in the water. This problem is only the tip of the iceberg. Chloramine is said to do the same thing but it cannot be bubbled off, and both (especially Chloramine) causes a wide range of other problems. Now the real kicker is what is actually going on inside the plant. Chloramine and Chlorine were studied in an article titled "Redox agents regulate ion channel activity in vacuoles from higher plant cells," the author tells us that Chloramine irreversibly damages flowering plants vacuoles resulting in the inability for the exposed channel to transport ions. A good quote from the articles abstract "The regulation of channel activation by glutathione may correlate ion transport with other crucial mechanisms that in plants control turgor regulation, response to oxidative stresses, detoxification and resistance to heavy metals." Further reading will tell you that Chloramine is directly responsible for a wide range of internal problems. I'm no chemist or horticultural, but this clearly tells me that flowering plants are significantly inhibited from reaching their potential when exposed to Chloramine. Do yourself a favor and use only the best quality of water for your plant by using a filtration device to remove Chlorine and Chloramine. Solutions. Ultraviolet light The use of ultraviolet light for chlorine or chloramine removal is an established technology that has been widely accepted in pharmaceutical, beverage, and dialysis applications.UV is also used for disinfection at aquatic facilities. Ascorbic acid and sodium ascorbate Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and sodium ascorbate completely neutralize both chlorine and chloramine, but degrade in a day or two, which makes them usable only for short-term applications. SFPUC determined that 1000 mg of vitamin C tablets, crushed and mixed in with bath water, completely remove chloramine in a medium-size bathtub without significantly depressing pH. Activated carbon Activated carbon has been used for chloramine removal long before catalytic carbon, a form of activated carbon, became available[citation needed]; standard activated carbon requires a very long contact time, which means a large volume of carbon is needed. For thorough removal, up to four times the contact time of catalytic carbon may be required.[citation needed] Most dialysis units now depend on granular activated carbon (GAC) filters, two of which should be placed in series so that chloramine breakthrough can be detected after the first one, before the second one fails. Additionally, sodium metabisulfite injection may be used in certain circumstances. [full citation needed] Campden tablets Home brewers use reducing agents such as sodium metabisulfite or potassium metabisulfite (both proprietorially sold as Campden tablets) to remove chloramine from brewing fermented beverages. However, residual sulfite can cause off flavors in beer so potassium metabisulfite is preferred. Sodium thiosulfate Sodium thiosulfate is used to dechlorinate tapwater for aquariums or treat effluent from wastewater treatments prior to release into rivers[citation needed]. The reduction reaction is analogous to the iodine reduction reaction. Treatment of tapwater requires between 0.1 and 0.3 grams of pentahydrated (crystalline) sodium thiosulfate per 10 L of water[citation needed]. Many animals are sensitive to chloramine, and it must be removed from water given to many animals in zoos.[citation needed] Other methods Chloramine, like chlorine, can be removed by boiling and aging. However, time required to remove chloramine is much longer than that of chlorine. The time required to remove half of the chloramine (half-life) from 10 US gallons (38 L; 8.3 imp gal) of water by boiling is 26.6 minutes, whereas the half-life of free chlorine in boiling 10 gallons of water is only 1.8 minutes. Aging may take weeks to remove chloramines, whereas chlorine disappears in a few days.

Read to the end. Know. The vision of a dipyramidal quartz structure that could cohere thought ...In 1974, he awoke from a dream with a pattern in his mind’s eye: the Tree of Life as shown in the Kabbalistic teachings. This was a teaching and a pattern with which Marcel was unfamiliar. At the time he saw only the pattern of a rectangle with a triangle at each termination. For an entire year he spent most of his lunch hours at the IBM glass shop attempting to facet raw quartz into this configuration. As he found out more about the geometry of the Tree of Life he was able to grind the quartz with greater specificity into the shape suggested by his vision. Various other shapes were also tried: single terminated, double terminated, four-sided, six-sided, six-sided with four-sided terminations, eight-sided with four-sided terminations and so on. From continual experimentation came the first fundamental instrument for storing, amplifying, transferring and cohering the energies of the bodymind of an individual: a four sided quartz crystal with pyramidal terminations. One tip was more acute than the other. The more acute termination is called the “firing tip” as this is the end of the crystal from which the coherent field is emitted. The faceted crystal was a three dimensional representation of the Tree of Life. The Tree of Life of the Kabbala, an ancient symbol of energetic flow from the universal to the personal that came to Marcel in a dream as a form to cut the crystal to transduce energy and focus thought. The upper triangle (female end) represents the Universal, which in the Tree of Life is what all is created from. The lower triangle represents the physical or personal manifestation which is where the focused energies of the individual are cohered and focused. (male end). The crystal is cut along the "C" or growth axis, the Universal or female end he cut to an angle of 52 degrees, the angle in which occurs naturally in quartz and exhibits the mathematical ratio of Phi (1.618) same as the Great Pyramid... The crystal, like the Tree of Life of the Kabala, with the Universal or female at one end (at the top) attuned to the universal matrix we exist in and male or Personal angle shown at the bottom. The crystal is cut to resonate radionically to the rate of water which is 454. "The crystal is a neutral object whose inner structure exhibits a state of perfection and balance. When it is cut to the proper form and when the human mind enters into relationship with its structural perfection, the crystal emits a vibration which extends and amplifies the power of the user's mind. Like a laser, it radiates energy in a coherent, highly concentrated form, and this energy may be transmitted into objects or people at will.” - Marcel The crystal works much the same way that a laser does: It takes scattered rays of energy and makes the energy field so coherent and unidirectional that a tremendous force is generated - one that is much stronger than if the energies were allowed to be emitted without having come into coherence. The energetic healer has to deal with the emanations of his/her hands or bioenergy field, which do not have the same levels of coherence one can obtain by using a crystal as a focusing tool. The crystal, when used with Love, makes the energies of mind coherent. It brings these energies into a pattern exactly fitting the life force energies of the person seeking to be healed, then amplifies them for healing. The structural change in cutting quartz into the proper shape is to tune it to be a coherent information transfer device. The form geometry of such a crystal creates a coherent field of energy that can act as a carrier wave of information, whereas raw quartz does not. Why is this important? According to Marcel: “This ‘carrier wave’ must have a coherency to it so as not to mingle with the radiations emitted from the target material but act now as the differentiating transport vehicle. The quartz crystal cut in the dipyramidal shape provides such an instrument. ” In the case of offering healing service to another individual, radiations emitted from the target material refers to the difficulty or distress experienced by the client. The coherent light emitted from the Vogel tuned crystal is able to penetrate the often disparate radiant fields within and around a distressed individual. An incoherent energy is often dissipated if not completely absorbed by the chaotic field generated by the distress. Beyond this the most profound effect of the faceted crystal has to do with its relationship and resonance to water. Because more than 70% of the physical body is water, the Vogel tuned crystal, with its resonance with water, is the perfect delivery mechanism for the introduction of subtle energies to an individual. Marcel also felt that the various subtle energy bodies described in metaphysical literature are gradations of a field that is anchored to the physical body via the water molecule. During the initial years of his work with crystals, Marcel developed a protocol for removing unwanted vibrations or thought forms from an individual in distress. He found that the crystal could act almost as an energetic scalpel in what amounted to an energetic or etheric surgery. Over the years he developed various methods for proximate, remote, and self healing using the crystals. The crystal is a quantum converter that is able to transmit energy in a form that has discreet biological effects. This is most likely a resonant effect. The human body, on an energetic level, is an array of oscillating points that are layered and have a definite symmetry and structure. This crystallinity is apparent on both a subtle energetic or quantum level as well as the macro level. The bones, tissues, cells, and fluids of the body have a definite crystallinity about them. The structure of the fluids, cells, and tissues of the body tends to become unstructured or incoherent when dis-ease or distress is present. The physical body is comprised of liquid crystal systems in the cell membranes, intercellular fluids, as well as larger structures such as the fatty tissues, muscular and nervous systems, lymph, blood, and so on. Through the use of an appropriately tuned crystal to which these structures are responsive, balance and coherence can be restored by delivering the necessary “information” or energetic nutrients needed... https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bq0vAqAIReI&embeds_referring_euri=https%3A%2F%2Fmarcelvogel.org%2F&feature=emb_imp_woyt ...In the 1970's Marcel did pioneering work in man-plant communication experiments. This led him to the study of quartz crystals and the creation of a faceted crystal. Marcel's research into the therapeutic application of quartz crystals led him to the investigation of the relationship between crystals and water. He discovered that he could structure water by spinning it around a tuned crystal, altering many of the characteristics of the water and converting it into an information storage system. ...Water, as ice, forms a crystal of hexagonal symmetry (meaning the shape is six sided, as witnessed in snow flakes) with tetrahedral coordination (that is, each molecule is associated with its four neighboring molecules). Water’s formula, H2O, is the "inverse" of quartz, SiO2. Like water, silica is also hexagonal with tetrahedral coordination. Being a solid, any information impressed upon it is fixed within its macromolecular structure. We can visualize these structures as a kind of vast three-dimensional harp. Information is stored by causing specific bonds to resonate etherically, similar to a musical chord. Unlike a harp, the "sound" (or vibration) never diminishes. Stored information is permanently fixed until one chooses to erase it and begin anew. The molecular structure of water as ice or in liquid crystalline form is fundamentally the same as that of quartz. The below image illustrates the similarities between the structures of ice and quartz. Marcel found that information mentally impressed into quartz crystals could be transferred to water. The process was called "charging water," and once charged, the result was both permanent and measurable. He found that charged water developed a new absorption band in the ultraviolet. This is like saying it changed color! Since early in this century it has been known that quartz is a resonator and amplifier of energy. It is a vital component in many electronic devices. What was not known is that quartz crystal is also capable of amplifying "subtle forces" including thought energy. The reason this had remained difficult to demonstrate is that, regardless of how fine the quality of the crystal tested, the conditions under which it was formed were highly individualistic. Simply stated, no two crystals are identical, and in science, a theory cannot be based on a single case. The amplification of thought energy includes so much "static" (other vibrations) that it becomes lost in the noise. Marcel discovered the answer to this problem. He found that when quartz is cut along the c-axis (the line of symmetry within the crystal perpendicular to all other axes) in the shape of the Kabalistic Tree of Life, it resonates to ONE frequency. It so happens the frequency (which turned out to be 454) is the same vibratory rate he also measured for water. Therefore, Vogel-cut crystals are powerful instruments capable of taking thought impressions and literally injecting them into the matrix of water. From this work he developed three tools: the double terminated healing crystal, single terminated meditation crystal and the Star of David crystal medallion. This crystal device can be utilized in the directing of healing energy by impressing it with the desire and intention to do so. Although it seems like magic, actually it is more technological. The energy field created by the brain (a bioelectric organ) sets up subtle changes in the energy states within the crystal. This is similar to the "observer effect" recognized by modern physics. As an amplifier, the crystal increases this effect to the point where water can accept the same changes. Marcel demonstrated this in his laboratory. In a repeatedly performed experiment, he impressed the intention "to remain pure" into a healing crystal. Marcel then injected this "information" into fruit juice. He kept two uncovered glasses side-by-side, one treated in this manner and the other as a control. Over a period of months he observed that the treated juice remained clear and fragrant; the control became cloudy, filled with mold and bacterial growth. In a similar manner, the intention to heal can be transferred through a crystal. The body, being mostly water, accepts the charge immediately, often with dramatic results. Structuring of Water H2O and it's relationship to Quartz SiO2 [ PDF ] https://marcelvogel.org/LabNotesMarcelVogel.pdf One of the primary areas of investigations at the Psychic Research laboratory was the relationship between water and quartz crystals. It has been found that by circulating water around a charged tuned quartz crystal many changes occur in the water. These changes are referred to as structuring. The value of 454 represents the radionic signature, or the fundamental numerical identity of the information band of the water itself. It should be noted that the signature radionic measurement of a tuned crystal is also 454, indicating some connection between these crystals and water. This connection or resonance is not found in unfaceted quartz. As we know, water consists of one oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms that are held together in a covalent bond This is an actual physical force, much like gravity, that holds these atoms together. Structured water can be thought of as water that has a greater degree of bonding between adjacent water molecules than does unstructured water. Structured water also forms a crystalline-like structure consisting of elongated chains of molecules that can be differentiated from the surrounding water molecules by qualities that are consistent with qualities found in liquid crystals such as increased birefringence and a lowering of the freezing point. A microstate is the angular, geometrical alignments t hat water molecules have when they are in the structured state. Quartz crystal shows a microstate but not a mesophase, as it is a permanent state solid rather than a transitional state or semi solid. When the various angles of the quartz molecule are investigated, a possible basis for its resonance with the water molecule is found. The fundamental geometrical pattern of quartz and water is the tetrahedron. Water molecules, bound together, form tetrahedrons in tilted or puckered rings. This tilting happens because of the bonding angle that exists between any three water molecules. This angle is 109.5 degrees. The normal flat hexagon has angles of 120 degrees. Water molecules with smaller angles, if they are to be formed into a hexagon, must have an uneven structure that is not in a flat plane but is instead a three dimensional object. This uneven structure is formed by what is called the bending angle or angle of tilt. This angle can be between 20 degrees and 60 degrees, but the most common is 26 degrees. This is where the intermolecular bond is the strongest and it happens to be half of the interlattice angle of quartz. The second most common bending angle for water is 54 degrees which is quite close to the interlattice angle of quartz as well. The interlattice angle of a crystal is related to the basal angle. The basal angle is ½ of the angle of the tip of the crystal. The interlattice angle of quartz is 90 degrees minus the basal angle which is 38 degrees. Therefore the interlattice angle is 52 degrees. This is also the angle of the Cheops pyramid. The intermolecular bonding angle for the water molecule is 104.5 degrees. This is the angle that exists between the hydrogen atoms of each water molecule. It is virtually double that of the interlattice angle for quartz. It is possible that there is a compatible harmonic between water and quartz because of the similarity of these angles. This would allow a resonant transfer of the energies that are imputed to the crystal to a significant group of water molecules in any given sample. The structure of quartz can replicate itself in water because of this resonant transfer based upon structure. The geometric structure produces frequency patterns, harmonics, that can transfer into water. Very small amounts of energy are required for this transfer. The nature of resonant systems is such that a minimal input can achieve a maximal output. Resonance transfer occurs because the energy waveforms coming out of a vibrating substance have nearly identical waveforms. The phase relationships of a resonating system can be defined in terms of the angular separation that exists between adjacent molecules. The six molecules that form one hexagonal ring, when in resonance, will vibrate or broadcast its energy on a wave that has a particular frequency. The first molecule will vibrate influencing the second molecule; the second will affect the third, and so on. The time intervals between successive broadcasts will result in a phase delay which can be converted into a phase angle. Successive waves coming from an oscillating system have successive phase angles that equal the angular separation that exists between members of the system. The phase angle within the vibrating ring of water molecules is 60 degrees (360 divided by 6). If there were 7 molecules in the ring the phase angle would be 360/7 or 51.43 degrees. This is the principle phase angle of quartz. Most of the internal angles of water and quartz are either fractions of this angle or multiples of it. It is the interlattice resonance between the quartz microstate and the lyotropic mesophase that is the determining factor in the formation of the lyotropic mesophase in water. It is the reason that water can be structured by spinning it around a tuned quartz crystal. It does not require large amounts of energy to accomplish this. As an example of resonant transfer, one can imagine a series of dominoes being placed across the United States. from San Francisco to Washington. Each successive domino would be slightly larger and heavier than the previous piece. By the time we reached Washington, the final domino might be as large as the Washington monument. By applying a slight push to the first domino, less than one pennyweight, each domino would be knocked over until the final piece was toppled. Through the introduction of a very small energy to a system the result is the production of enough energy to knock over the final very large and heavy domino. The structuring of water around a tuned quartz crystal is dependent upon the program that is imprinted into the crystal. It is the program that brings about the abrupt change in state. A fundamental program that can bring about dramatic changes in water is that of unconditional love. In the structuring of water and wines the question was whether there was a field created in space when the water was spun around a crystal. The above images are of the crystal water structuring unit at the Dreamhill Research Facility A GE magnetometer was attached to the inside of the structuring chamber and a series of readings were taken when the water was spun around a charged crystal. Within the chamber was housed a stainless steel coil, the tubing being ¾ inch in diameter and with seven right hand turns. The diameter of the coil was approximately six inches. The programmed tuned crystal was placed, with firing tip (the more acute termination) downwards, in a specially designed holder so that it was in place within the coil. The chamber or enclosure for the coil and crystal was made from pine and finished with shellac. The magneto- meter was mounted on the side of the chamber with the probe placed in the space between the crystal and the coil. The temperature was kept at 70 degrees F with the chamber sealed. 1000cc of water was used at all times. For each pass around the crystal, a 50cc sample was taken for an analysis with the Omega 5, a 50cc sample was taken for pH and conductivity measurements, and a cuvette sample was taken for infra-red and ultra-violet spectro-photometry. The results of these experiments showed that: 1) Water spinning in a coil generates a weak, but measurable field 2) Crystals of quartz can be charged with “information” and tuned to the fields generated by spinning water 3) A critical charge is required for “information transfer” to occur (i.e. 1 - 4 passes around the crystal) 4) This number of passes can be modified by the programming of the crystals 5) More than one operator is possible 6) The program transfer is a resonance transfer with no loss in the original program after hundreds of experiments have been done with the system 7) Water is made to be a permanent magnet. This field remains constant after the water stops spinning and can be removed by the application of a bulk demagnetizer. The basic changes noted in water after being spun around an appropriately charged and tuned crystal were as follows: 1) Decreased surface tension 2) The appearance of two new bands of light in the infra- red and ultra-violet spectrum indicating a stretch ing of molecular bonding of the water. This is indicative of more energy and a new information in the water 3) The conductivity of the water increases 4) The pH of the water can be altered up to 3 points, an increase in acidity or alkalinity 5) The freezing point of the water could drop to as low as -30 degrees C 6) A significant number of the molecules would become aligned in micro-clusters or molecular chains; orderly, systematic and repeating patterns. The water has become a liquid crystal system capable of storing information According to Marcel: “This structuring is best assayed with a UV spectro-photometer where one finds an increase in UV absorption due to an increase in the water bonding from the water forming chains on itself. The magnetic moment of this structured water is increased by 0.07 gauss and there is also an increase in the pH and dielectric conductivity. Boiling of the water after structuring shows no change in the UV spectrum, so one can conclude that a permanent chemical change has taken place. When a drop of this structured silica water is dried on a slide and compared with untreated silica water, the photomicrographs show the formation of needle-like silica crystals in the structured water drop while the untreated water dried to an amorphous mass of silica gel. This shows that the process of structuring water produces a structuring or ordering effect on the solutes in solution. ” The crystal, in this case was programmed with the intent of unconditional love. The water could be programmed with specific information depending upon the nature of the information programmed into the crystal. If, for example, the crystal was programmed with a sedative, the water would take on this characteristic or vibration. Drinking the water would induce sleep or deep relaxation. Practical applications of this process include agriculture, the preservation of foods, as well as potential uses for healing. The energetic patterns of a fertilizing agent can be stored in a crystal and then transferred into water. The water is then used to irrigate plants. We have found on a small scale experimentation that plants treated in this way show significant growth increase compared to untreated plants. Although in most cases it was found that water generated a weak magnetic field, on one occasion a different effect was noted. Normally the effects noted above were attained by circulating water through a Pyrex glass tube coiled seven clockwise turns, around a tuned crystal. By reversing the position of the crystal so that the firing tip was pointed upwards, an energy was released that lifted Marcel off the floor and flung him to the wall. He was standing approximately three feet away from the apparatus when this happened. Afterwards his eyes were burned as if from intense radiation. Water is an unknown because of its familiarity. We have yet to discover the power inherent in this plentiful fluid. When water is circulated and spun around a charged crystal, enormous charge can be released from it. Further research is needed to determine the nature of this energy. It is quite likely that although there is a measurable magnetic field present, it is, in reality, only an effect of something more fundamental in nature than EM fields. It should be noted, however, that the fields present in both the crystal and liquid when charged, whatever the nature of that field, can be cleared by a bulk de-magnetizer. Dr. Glen Rein has called these energies a quantum field or non-Hertzian energy. Dr. Rein has stated that quantum fields are independent of time and distance. This correlates with the observations made by Marcel not only in his work with water, but in his early work with plants as well. His observation is that thought seems to overcome the inverse square law. The term “information transfer” is used to refer to an energetic phenomenon that is not in the traditionally accepted electromagnetic spectrum. Although somewhat vague, the term “information” indicates that there is some kind of discreet coding and not just an unqualified energy. When an information transfer takes place from a tuned crystal to water, wine, juice, or even milk, there is an abrupt, immediate change in the physical properties of the fluid. For example, in 1986 I was given two bottles of wine. One was a prize winning 1983 Chardonnay from the Sycamore Creek Vineyards. The second bottle was a 1986 Chardonnay from the same vineyard, newly bottled. There was a remarkable difference between the two in regard to body, bouquet, flavor, and even color. I took a sample of the 1986 wine and obtained measurements from the Omega 5 in all three parameters: signature value, internal field, and external field. I then used the Omega 5 to program a tuned crystal with this information. Having done this I placed the crystal within a coil of Pyrex glass tubing. The coil was housed within a wooden box. I then poured the 1986 wine through the tubing so that it circulated around the crystal. I did t his seven times, so that sample one passed around the crystal once, sample two passed around the crystal twice, sample three, three times, and so on. I also kept a control sample. It was found that sample four perfectly matched the 1983 Chardonnay in body, bouquet, flavor, and color. The remaining six samples did not match the ‘83 wine in any way and, in fact, samples 5 through 7 were bitter and almost undrinkable. The fourth sample was then taken to the Omega and measured. The value obtained was then transferred into a tuned crystal. The crystal was placed back into the apparatus and the remainder of the 1986 Chardonnay was circulated around it. In subjective taste testing by all of us present in the laboratory (including the vintners) the 1986 wine seemed to be a duplicate of the 1983 wine. According to Marcel: 1) A crystal tuned to water (454) is programmed with information so that a wine will be brought to completion with all of the reactions that are potential in the chemistry. 2) The wine is then spun around the crystal 1 - 5 times 3) The wine is then measured with the Omega 5 after each spin. 4) A decision is made as to which wine is best. 5) The information is transferred to a master crystal and the wine is run in production with the master crystal. When the information becomes critical (at 4x), an abrupt change in the state of the wine takes place in much the same manner as we have seen with the liquid crystals. “ I believe we are seeing in the wine a critical transfer of information which can then cause abrupt changes in the chemistry of the system." The most profound effect of the faceted crystal has to do with its relationship and resonance to water. A crystal that is faceted and tuned to the water molecule will hold a charge or information that when transferred to the body of person will link to the H2O molecule. This charge is stored within the interlattice space of the crystal. Because more than 70% of the physical body is water, the Vogel tuned crystal, with its resonance with water, is the perfect delivery mechanism for the introduction of subtle energies to an individual. It was also thought that the various subtle energy bodies described in metaphysical literature are gradations of a field that is anchored to the physical body via the water molecule. The crystal is a quantum converter that is able to store and transmit energy in a form that has discreet biological effects. It is speculated that because of the cohering capability of the tuned crystal it can be used to affect “reality” at the quantum or subatomic level. The imprint of thoughtforms or coding is stored on and within the particles or wave packets at the quantum level. This is most likely a resonant effect. The human body, on an energetic level, is an array of oscillating points that are layered and have a definite symmetry and structure at both the macro and micro dimensions. The bones, tissues, cells, and fluids of the body have a definite crystallinity about them. The structure of the fluids, cells, and tissues of the body tend to become unstructured or incoherent when dis-ease or distress is present. The physical body is comprised of liquid crystal systems in the cell membranes, intercellular fluids as well as the larger structures such as the fatty tissues, muscular and nervous systems, lymph, blood, and so on. Through the use of an appropriately tuned crystal, to which these structures are responsive, balance and coherence can be restored by delivering the necessary “information”. Much of the above material has been taken from a transcript of a paper presented at the 1996 2nd Annual Advanced Water Sciences Symposium and the 1998 United States Psychotronics Association Conference. USPA lecture by Marcel on the structuring of water MP3 AUDIO FILE : https://marcelvogel.org/MarcelVogel-CrystalWaterStructuring.mp3

After my 2 month coma stone we are back at it. New digs too. The ancient tradition of Sacred Geometry is still alive and well in the person of Frank Chester. He has discovered a new geometric form that unites the five Platonic solids and provides some startling indications about the form and function of the human heart. This new form, called the Chestahedron, was discovered in 2000, and is a seven-sided polyhedron with surfaces of equal area. Frank has been exploring the form and its significance for over a decade, His work has potential implications across a number of areas, from physiology to architecture, sculpture, geology, and beyond. Organic cotton stands out with a frequency of 100, mirroring the human body's frequency. *burp* It's all bout the salt https://www.seafriends.org.nz/oceano/seawater.htm Water moves counterclockwise around quartzite oxygenated. Plants need elements for normal growth. Three of them--carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen--are found in air and water. The rest are found in the soil. Six soil elements are called macronutrients because they are used in relatively large amounts by plants. They are nitrogen, potassium, magnesium, calcium, phosphorus, and sulfur. Eight other soil elements are used in much smaller amounts and are called micronutrients or trace elements. They are iron, zinc, molybdenum, manganese, boron, copper, cobalt, and chlorine. They make up less than 1% of the total but are nonetheless vital. Most of the nutrients a plant needs are dissolved in water and then absorbed by its roots. In fact, 98 percent are absorbed from the soil-water solution, and only about 2 percent are actually extracted from soil particles. on that note, some points of interest regarding Boron. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6073895/ Boron (B) is an essential trace element required for the physiological functioning of higher plants. B deficiency is considered as a nutritional disorder that adversely affects the metabolism and growth of plants. B is involved in the structural and functional integrity of the cell wall and membranes, ion fluxes (H+, K+, PO43−, Rb+, Ca2+) across the membranes, cell division and elongation, nitrogen and carbohydrate metabolism, sugar transport, cytoskeletal proteins, and plasmalemma-bound enzymes, nucleic acid, indoleacetic acid, polyamines, ascorbic acid, and phenol metabolism and transport. This review critically examines the functions of B in plants, deficiency symptoms, and the mechanism of B uptake and transport under limited B conditions. B deficiency can be mitigated by inorganic fertilizer supplementation, but the deleterious impact of frequent fertilizer application disrupts soil fertility and creates environmental pollution. Considering this, we have summarized the available information regarding alternative approaches, such as root structural modification, grafting, application of biostimulators (mycorrhizal fungi (MF) and rhizobacteria), and nanotechnology, that can be effectively utilized for B acquisition, leading to resource conservation. Additionally, we have discussed several new aspects, such as the combination of grafting or MF with nanotechnology, combined inoculation of arbuscular MF and rhizobacteria, melatonin application, and the use of natural and synthetic chelators, that possibly play a role in B uptake and translocation under B stress conditions. Apart from the data obtained from agricultural reports that prove the involvement of B in plant growth and development, B often results in deficiency or toxicity because it is a unique micronutrient for which the threshold levels of deficiency and toxicity are very narrow [12]. B deficiency and excess are both widespread agricultural problems for higher plants in arid and semi-arid conditions. B deficiency was primarily observed in apples growing in Australia in the 1930s and subsequently reported in more than 132 field crops grown in sandy soils with low pH and organic matter from 80 different countries [28]. Depending on the age and species, plants manifest a wide range of deficiency symptoms, including stunted root growth, restricted apical meristem growth, brittle leaves, reduced chlorophyll content and photosynthetic activity, disruption in ion transport, increased phenolic and lignin contents, and reduced crop yield [1,8,20]. The prevalence of symptoms depends on the severity of the B-deficiency condition because plants show uniform deficiency symptoms on entire leaves but sometimes in the form of isolated patches. Given the immobile nature of B, it usually accumulates in mature leaves, whereas young leaves do not receive sufficient B for proper growth. Thus, the deficiency symptoms first appear on young leaves, including thick, curled, and brittle leaves with reduced leaf expansion; corky veins; interveinal chlorosis; yellow water-soaked spots on lamina; and a short internodal distance, resulting in a bushy plant appearance [14,29,30]. In severe cases, leaf apex necrosis and leaf dieback occur [12]. The expansion of stems and petioles leads to hollow stem disorder in broccoli and stem crack symptoms in celery [1]. However, in tomato, cauliflower, apple, and citrus, scaly surface development with internal and external corking of fruits is a typical feature associated with B deficiency [13,28]. Amino acids improve plant nutrition by affecting soil microbial activity through the production of a beneficial microbial community and nutrient mineralization in the soil solution, thus enhancing micronutrient mobility [84]. Seaweed extract contains several ions, growth regulators, carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, and polyuronides, including alginates and fucoidans. These polyuronides can form highly cross-linked polymers and condition the soil, thereby improving the water retention and ion uptake capacity within the soil [89]. Kahydrin, a commercial seaweed component, acidifies the rhizosphere by altering the plasma membrane proton pump and secretes H+ ions that change the soil redox condition and make the metal ions available to plants, leading to improved crop production [90]. Turan and Kose [91] applied three seaweed extracts, including Maxicrop, Algipower, and Proton, on grapevine (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Karaerik) to check the ion uptake efficacy under optimal and deficient ion availability. Maximum micronutrient uptake under optimal conditions were observed with no significant difference among the three kinds of extracts. The alteration in uptake of one ion influences the availability of another ion [85], supporting the idea of B uptake through biostimulator application, but this requires further investigation. The application of biofertilizers opens new routes of ion acquisition by increasing nutrient use efficiency in plants. In this regard, mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal fungi, endosymbiotic bacteria, and plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria are important because of their dual function as microbial biostimulants and biocontrol agents. We explain the functions of these biostimulators and their possible relationship with ion acquisition in plants. Indeed, grafting and AMF inoculation improve plant physiological and nutritional aspects and a number of studies have proved their pivotal role in B uptake [74,75,79,105]. Additionally, nanotechnology is an emerging technique to solve plant-nutrition-related problems. The combination of these techniques may improve B uptake. For instance, a combination of grafting and Cu NPs improved growth and development of watermelon by increasing ion uptake [129]. Melatonin application improves plant performance by inducing resistance against stress conditions. According to a report, melatonin application reversed the toxic effect of B by moderating B accumulation in leaf and fruit, increasing photosynthetic activity, and improving dry weight that ultimately enhanced plant growth of Capsicum annuum [138]. Similarly, in watermelon, melatonin application enhanced the N concentration in roots by improving root elongation, root diameter, and root surface area under limited N availability [61]. However, no evidence for B uptake under deficient conditions has been found yet, and that requires further investigation. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8508192/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34988929/