roots develops to search for water and they need oxygen to live.
As you put the soil (so the roots) on a pot without holes or air exchange around the roots are going to get tangled over the soil, exactly like on the first 3 pictures.
Holes over the pot or "breathable" pots is the best way to improve roots development.
Surely perlite helps, but they help as making macro pores to the roots, but even with macro pore you need to improve the oxygenation over the whole soil.