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"Sol" C#12

Ultraviolet

730

4h ago

GrapeSweetsAuto

x4Grand Cru Genetics

NPK Industries

Nutrients

VEG

BP4000 Light Emitting Diodes/400W

Bloom Plus

FLO

BP4000 Light Emitting Diodes/400W

Bloom Plus

Tent

Cloudlab 844 Advance Grow Tent 4x4 (48" x 48" x 80")

Contr

Contr

Contr

Soil

Indoor

Room Type

Topping

weeks 3

LST

weeks 5

Start at 6 Week

1/11

Ultraviolet Hello 👋 and welcome back. I've been really, really stoned for a month or two, I do enjoy a good cleaning. No need to be rushing this one, I've got a lot of stuff to tweak in the grow tent. Give it a good scrub to boot. Added a bunch of organic amendments to the medium and reloaded mineral content. Giving it a few weeks to let everything break down, settle in, and balance out before beginning, I'll be doing a thorough pH and EC prior to placing anything in the final pot and making sure to give it a good till in the top soil once everything is broken down into more palatable size. Adding this grow. 500g Horticultural charcoal. 454g Elite Shungite Coal (Fullerene C60). 1kg Spirulina is approx NPK 10%, 100g/1kg (N), 20% 200g/1kg (P), and 20% 200g/1kg (K). In 1 kg (1000g) of spirulina, you can expect approximately 50 mg to 177 mg of Zeaxanthin. 1 kg of moringa powder, approximate NPK : 4.8% N, 0.5% P, and 1.9% K. 500g Azomite. (Ultimate mineral micro nutrient). 1kg Gaia green 4-4-4., 1kg of 4-4-4 fertilizer contains 4% which is equivalent to 40 grams of each in 1000g. 500g eggshells 20grams calcium per 500g. Generally, the more organic matter a plant breaks down, the higher the soil's electrical conductivity (EC) tends to be. This is because the breakdown of organic matter releases nutrients into the soil solution, which increases the concentration of dissolved ions that conduct electricity. Roots and microorganisms do not directly compete for electrical conductivity itself. However, they do interact in the rhizosphere, a zone around plant roots where microbes and plants compete for resources like nutrients and water, which can indirectly influence electrical conductivity. Plant roots release exudates (carbon) into the soil, providing energy and nutrients for microbes. In return, microbes can help plants access nutrients, particularly in the rhizosphere, where nutrient availability can be high. Both roots and microbes compete for the same resources, such as phosphorus (P) and iron (Fe). Factors like microbial decomposition of plant-derived chelators and the proximity of microbes to the root surface can influence this competition. Carbon 60 (Fullerene) can enhance plant growth by boosting microbial activity in the soil, improving water retention, and even increasing plant biomass and yield. It's not a fertilizer, but rather a soil amendment that acts as an ideal companion product for fertilization programs. Studies have shown that fullerenes can influence soil bacterial communities and potentially activate processes like nitrogen transformation in the soil. Some research suggests that fullerenes can increase the availability of nutrients and enhance plant growth. Buckminsterfullerene is a type of fullerene with the formula C60. It has a cage-like fused-ring structure (truncated icosahedron) made of twenty hexagons and twelve pentagons, and resembles a soccer ball. Each of its 60 carbon atoms is bonded to its three neighbors. Shungite coal, particularly the "precious Shungite" variety, is known to contain fullerenes, with a higher content found in Shungite of category 3. The most common fullerene, C60 (also known as buckminsterfullerene or a buckyball), is a well-studied example. Studies show that plant uptake of C60 is relatively low, with a significant portion of the absorbed C60 remaining in the roots. While the roots are the primary uptake site, C60 is also transported to other parts of the plant, such as the stem, leaves, and tubers. The presence of organic carbon in the soil can influence C60 sorption, affecting how much C60 is available for uptake by plants. The amount of C60 absorbed and its distribution within the plant can differ depending on the plant species and the concentration of C60 in the soil. Research suggests that C60 can influence the uptake and transportation of heavy metal ions in plants, with the impact depending on the type of metal, and the concentration of metal in the soil, and the plant cultivar. Some studies suggest that C60 can positively impact plant growth, development, and productivity, possibly due to increased absorption and assimilation of nutrients, moisture, and other substances by the plants. Bitter melons! But still The treatment of bitter melon seeds with C60(OH)20 solution leads to an increase in plant biomass by 54%, yield by 128%, and nutrient content by 90% [6]. The authors of [9], [11], [12], [13] suggested that the positive effect of water-soluble fullerene derivatives on plants may be due to the inhibition of the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0022286021002945 In a series of vegetation experiments under controlled conditions, the ability of C60-Thr-and C60single bondHyp derivatives to stimulate plant growth of the Leningradsky spring barley variety (Hordeum vulgare L.) due to influence on the synthesis of photosynthetic pigments and function of the photosynthetic apparatus in its leaves, as well as antioxidant properties were determined [16], [17], [18]. Moreover, the authors found that, compared with the individual amino acids (L-threonine and l-hydroxyproline), C60-Thr-and C60single bondHyp derivatives had a more pronounced effect on the physiological state of the barley plants. I love barley. The antioxidant activity of water-soluble fullerene derivatives was also demonstrated in an experiment in which the roots of barley seedlings grown in a nutrient solution with and without a fullerene derivative were irradiated with UV-B radiation. After that, the intensity of ROS generation using dihydrochlorofluorescein diacetate dye, as well as the morphological and physiological changes in roots were evaluated [9], [17]. Authors of [9], [17] showed the ability of polyhydroxylated, amino acid adducts of fullerene C60 with threonine, proline, hydroxyproline, histidine, and their nanocompositions to increase the resistance of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) or wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to oxidative stress caused by high intensive UV-B radiation, excess of salt or of salicylic acid in root inhabited medium, soil moisture deficit, foliar pesticide treatment (imidacloprid, carbendazim, glyphosate) during the vegetation experiment. This positive effect was associated with the activation of antioxidant system response in different plants organs, as well as with the increase of the photosynthetic apparatus efficiency under stress conditions. Influence of water-soluble carboxylated light fullerene derivatives on physiological plant state is not well studied. The addition of Spirulina is primarily for zeaxanthin, as it contains a lot. But on top of that, Hawaiian Spirulina is cultivated in open ponds using a combination of 100% fresh potable water from Hawaiian aquifers and ultra-pure, deep ocean water containing all 94 trace minerals & elements. It is then gently dried using patented Ocean Chill Drying technology and cold-pressed to ensure maximum nutrient levels. Spirulina, a blue-green alga, is rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK), making it an excellent source of nutrients for plant growth. Studies have shown that Spirulina can be used as a biofertilizer, effectively replacing chemical fertilizers, especially for nitrogen with a whopping, NPK of 10% (N), 20% (P), and 20% (K). Azomite needs no introduction; Just incase, Azomite delivers 70+ minerals and trace elements to boost BRIX, root strength, soil vitality, and yields. Micronized. Moringa is a highly nutrient-dense plant, often called the "miracle tree" or "tree of life" due to its impressive nutritional profile and potential health benefits. It's particularly rich in vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, and other bioactive compounds, making it a valuable resource for addressing malnutrition and promoting overall health. Containing over 92 verifiable nutrients, Moringa oleifera is found to be the most nutrient-dense plant on earth. As far as we know this is the only place online where we list all 92 (and more) nutrients of the Moringa tree and we list all 46 antioxidants of the Moringa tree too. Deep in the Himalayas is a tree called Moringa oleifera, also known as the drumstick tree, and throughout the subtropics, this tree is cultivated for its amazing health benefits. This amazing tree has the ability to grow in an array of conditions, and its health benefits are astonishing. The drumstick tree contains a staggering 92 nutrients and 46 natural antioxidants and as it also holds a number of anti-inflammatory compounds. The sheer number of nutrients found in this tree brings it to the top of the superfoods list, and in its native locations, it is said to have the ability to help treat more than 300 diseases and illnesses. To give you an idea, just a single serving of the Moringa tree contains: 4 times the amount of calcium in the same amount of milk. More vitamin C than 7 oranges. Double the protein and 3 times the amount of potassium in a banana. It's high antioxidant levels can help fight free radicals, potentially slowing down the ageing process and promoting longevity. It is thought to be able to help lower cholesterol levels and regulate blood pressure, due to the high levels of niacin and vitamins B3 and B10. A serving of 100g of this tree gives: Over 8g protein Over 400mg potassium Nearly 450mg calcium 164mg vitamin C 738 ¼g of vitamin A. Moringa also contains vitamins B1, B2, B3, B6, B7, A, C, K, E and D. Amino Acids: In addition, it contains various other nutrients, including the following essential amino acids: Threonine – a nutrient that helps metabolism and prevents fatty buildup in the liver. It also aids digestion. Isoleucine – good for a healthy brain and helps to give the body natural energy. Leucine – works hand in hand with isoleucine to increase energy levels. Phenylalanine – aids communication between the brain’s nerve cells and also helps to reduce hunger pangs as well as increasing alertness and improving memory. Tryptophan – supports your immune system, and its mood boosting ability helps to beat depression and anxiety-associated insomnia. It also reduces the risk of heart attack and lowers bad cholesterol levels. Lysine – aids the absorption of calcium into the bones, supports antibodies and regulates various hormones as well as inhibiting the growth of virus cells. Methionine – provides the body with sulphur as well as helping to lower cholesterol. It also supports the liver, kidneys, and helps keep skin, hair and nails healthy. Valine – helps to keep the mind calm. There are other amino acids in Moringa too, which are not essential to the body but are still beneficial in supporting health. These include histidine, alanine, glutamic acid, arginine, cysteine, proline, aspartic acid, glycine, serine, and tyrosine. Moringa seeds contain oils that hold high levels of oleic acid, which may act to reduce inflammation. https://amchara.com/detox-cleanse/92-nutrients-and-46-antioxidants-in-one-tree-maringa-oleifera/ 4.8% N, 0.5% P, and 1.9% K. Moringa can also serve as a natural source of nitrogen, potentially replacing chemical fertilizers. About 95% of the dry eggshell is calcium carbonate weighing 5.5 grams. The average eggshell contains about . 3% phosphorus and . 3% magnesium and traces of sodium, potassium, zinc, manganese, iron and copper. 1 ppm in water (mg/L) = 1 ppm in soil (mg/kg) If you use 10 grams of 10-20-20 fertilizer in 4 liters of water: Nitrogen: (10 grams * 10/100 * 1000000) / 4000 mL = 2500 ppm N Phosphorus: (10 grams * 20/100 * 1000000) / 4000 mL = 5000 ppm P Potassium: (10 grams * 20/100 * 1000000) / 4000 mL = 5000 ppm K In summary, to determine the precise ppm of an NPK fertilizer, you need to know the specific weight of fertilizer used, the volume of water, and the NPK percentages. The general formula and example calculations can help you make these conversions.

9 likes

15 comments

Used method

Directly In Substrate

Germination Method

1/7

Ultraviolet Calcium Carbonate = Finely crushed/powdered egg shells. In normally aerated soil, plants grow “soil roots” to absorb water and oxygen from the soil. When the roots are put in water or waterlogged soil, the soil roots will rot due to a lack of oxygen and will be replaced by “water roots” that have special mechanisms to breathe through the leaves and block oxygen loss. In regular soil, there are air-filled pores in between soil particles. When the soil is waterlogged or saturated with water, the pores are filled with water molecules instead of air, thus creating a low or no-oxygen environment for soil roots. When plant roots are submerged in water or waterlogged soil or even when there is a film of water on roots, “soil roots” will die off and will be replaced by “water roots”. Water roots have two special features that allow them to survive in a low- or no-oxygen environment. Water roots have extensive aerenchyma plant tissues to enable the roots to continue to breathe through the leaves in a low-oxygen or waterlogged environment. The cells in the root area need oxygen to survive. When plant roots are put under water or in waterlogged soil, the soil root cells cannot receive enough oxygen from the surroundings and will rot and die off. The hormone ethylene is then released and triggers the formation of aerenchyma in the new roots (water roots). Aerenchyma is hollow air channels inside a root that connects to the stems and leaves, allowing the root cells to continue getting oxygen from the shoots above water. Water roots have extensive aerenchyma structures. Because of the hollow structure of aerenchyma filled with gas, water roots are thicker with a bigger diameter, more spongy, more brittle, and easier to break than soil roots. Apart from that, water roots also look more white and elongated than soil roots. Depending on the plant species, most soil roots also have aerenchyma but at a much lower density than water roots, and would thus die in a low-oxygen environment because of suffocation. Another special feature water roots have to adapt to a low-oxygen environment is to develop a wax coating on the water roots. This coating is made of a waxy substance called “suberin” which acts as a barrier that prevents the entry and loss of oxygen, water, salts, and toxic compounds into and from the roots. The more difficult the environment (e.g. low oxygen, high salinity, a high number of pathogens), the more this waxy coating covers the whole length of a root, except the root tip. In contrast, soil roots do not have such a waxy barrier to the surrounding environment. With a pore size of 3.5 to 5.2 nm in diameter, water, oxygen, and salts can move in and out freely, causing soil roots to rot and die in a low-oxygen environment. Also, since pathogens can freely enter porous soil roots, that explains why soil roots are more susceptible to pathogen attack and rot in a waterlogged environment. Another reason why soil roots rot in waterlogged soil is that there are more pathogens in soil than in water. Many soil-borne pathogens, including fungi (e.g. Pythium, Phytophthora) and bacteria (e.g. Oomycetes, Rhizoctonia solani) can survive in the soil even after the use of the herbicide. Also, when we grow plants in a water culture, we tend to change the water much more often than we change the soil, and the tap water we use most likely contains chlorine. The concentration of oxygen in water is higher than in soil that is saturated with water. Water culture generally contains more oxygen than waterlogged soil because it is often changed from time to time. Also, oxygen moves about 10,000 times slower in water than it does in the air, but moves much more slowly (320,000 times less than in air) when the soil pores are filled with water (Armstrong & Drew, 2002). Also, there is a high population of microorganisms in the soil that compete for oxygen, quickly turning the wet soil anaerobic, which can easily suffocate soil roots. Cannabis typically develops soil roots, which are also known as taproots and fibrous roots. These roots are primarily designed to anchor the plant in the soil and absorb nutrients and water. While some plants can root in water, cannabis, like most land plants, is adapted to grow with its roots in soil. While cannabis can be grown in hydroponic systems (using water instead of soil), the roots in these systems will be different from soil roots. Water roots are typically thinner and more delicate, with more hairs to absorb oxygen from the water. Also of note, a plant that senses nutrition in the water will attempt to feed and grow. A plant that detects no nutrition will attempt to grow roots to find nutrition further afield. Cannabis plants can develop both soil roots and water roots. Soil roots are typically thicker and more robust, while water roots (also known as aerial roots) are finer and more delicate, with more root hairs. The development of water roots can be observed in plants like orchids, where they help absorb moisture from the air or on the plant's surface. Cannabis water roots can be successfully transitioned to soil roots, but it's a gradual process that requires careful attention. While water roots are designed for absorbing oxygen from water, they can adapt to a soil environment by making sure to provide enough oxygen to ease transition. Oversaturated soil below O2 thresholds will kill water roots in normal "above soil" RH% conditions. GRAND CRU: Let's see what these guys are all about. This was translated from Spanish to English, so expect oddities Grape Sweets Auto is the first generation of the autoflowering version of a Grape Cream Cake crossed several times by the Sweets XL Auto to offer a ruderalis cross capable of offering returns of more than 5% in Fresh Frozen. By the hand of Grand Cru os we bring Grape Sweets Auto, the result of one of the most interesting autoflowering genetics projects in recent years and with enormous potential thanks to its production of resin and smell that is indistinguishable from genetically advanced photojournalal varieties. Your parents come from our selection of Grape Cream Cake from Bloom Seed crossed by the stabilization of the Sweets XL Auto from our catalog resulting in a hybrid of Indica structure and high productivity. Grape Sweet Auto growing features: Grape Sweets Auto develops around a bush structure and has great capacity to develop very compact flowers. In proper farming conditions it is able to easily exceed a metre high and usually needs stunning to offer its full potential. Outside it is recommended to grow at the time of year with longer hours of light in order to have the best result. It works well in soil and pot, although it usually develops better the more land volume it has. As in other varieties Ruderalis, it has a great resistance to fungi so it is ideal for its guerrilla cultivation. Organoly properties of Grape Sweets Auto: If you're a lover of fruity scents with sweet, earthy backgrounds, this genetics will certainly delight your palate. A gentle and persistent aroma that is enhanced in the cured and that, having performed well the process, is easily appreciated in the extractions. Effects of Grape Sweets Auto: Considering the levels of cannabinoids that this genetics develops indoors and the return of resin glands that can be extracted from it, we can say that it is a variety for extractions ideal for users and medicinal industries. Specifications of Grape Sweets Auto: Bank: Grand Cruises Genetics: Grape Cream Cake X Sweets XL Auto (R) Sex: Feminized Harvest: 80 days from germination Production: High % THC: 20 - 25% Aromas: Sweet Classification: Hybrid Stretching: 2X WPFF: 4.4%

8 likes

1 comment

1/16

18 hrs

Light Schedule

34 °C

Day Air Temp

6.7

650 PPM

TDS

30 %

Air Humidity

Ultraviolet Seedling managing 93F 30%RH, around 20 DLI. Vpd is in the 3's. No I don't recommend. Germination date is May 22nd, 80 days auto would be August 10. Signum Magnum. "A great sign appeared in the sky a woman clothed with the sun with the moon under her feet and on her head a crown of twelve stars. Sing ye to the Lord a new canticle: because He has done wonderful things. Glory to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Spirit As it was in the beginning, and now, and ever shall be, world without end." The plant nutrient nitrogen exists in forms with both positive and negative charges. Ammonium (NH4+)(immobile in soil)(Cation) has a positive charge, while nitrate (NO3-) (highly mobile in soil)(Anion)has a negative charge. Nitrogen is unique among plant nutrients in that it can exist in both positively charged (ammonium, NH₄⁺) and negatively charged (nitrate, NO₃⁻) forms in the soil. This makes it a special nutrient. In that it is responsible for providing balance for reactionary trade offs when it comes to ph. Because ph itself in the medium will always slowly drift towards acidicity, such is nature. 80% of nitrogen should be nitrate and no more than 20% ammoniacal nitrogen. Ca, mg, and K are the big 3 cations related to soil composition, pH & base saturation. When nitrogen is in the form of ammonium, it can compete with calcium, magnesium, and potassium for absorption sites in the plant root. This competition can lead to a reduction in the uptake of these other essential nutrients. Nitrogen, particularly in its nitrate form (NO3-), can increase soil acidity, which can also affect the availability of calcium, magnesium, and potassium. The form of nitrogen applied (ammonium vs. nitrate) can influence its interactions with other nutrients. Ammonium nitrogen can have a more pronounced negative effect on the uptake of calcium, magnesium, and potassium compared to nitrate nitrogen. Nitrate (NO3-): This is the form of nitrogen most easily absorbed by plants. It's also the most mobile in the soil, meaning it can be easily leached away by water. Ammonium (NH4+): This form of nitrogen is less mobile and is held more tightly by soil particles. It needs to be converted to nitrate by soil bacteria before plants can readily use it. Factors like soil temperature, moisture, and pH influence the conversion of ammonium to nitrate and the overall availability of nitrogen. The ideal pH for the conversion of ammonium (NH4+) to nitrate (NO3-) through nitrification is typically between 6.5 and 9.0, with the optimal range being above 7.5 and below 8.5. This process is carried out by bacteria and is sensitive to pH levels, with acidic conditions being particularly unfavorable. nitrification, the process of converting ammonium (NH4+) to nitrate (NO3-), typically leads to a decrease in pH. This is because the process releases hydrogen ions (H+), which increase the acidity of the solution and lower the pH. Common forms of ammonium nitrogen include ammonium ion (NH4+), urea, and ammonium compounds like ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, and ammonium phosphate. Common forms of nitrate nitrogen include potassium nitrate (KNO3), sodium nitrate (NaNO3), calcium nitrate (Ca(NO3)2), and ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3). Phosphorus & Oxygen. Phosphorus is an essential plant nutrient, and its availability in the soil is strongly linked to the presence of oxygen. Plants primarily absorb phosphorus as phosphate (PO4), and oxygen is a key component of this molecule. Furthermore, the availability of phosphorus in the soil can be impacted by factors like soil aeration and temperature, which in turn affect the oxygen supply to the roots. Phosphorus uptake in plants is most critical during the early stages of growth, particularly within the first few weeks of plant development. Young plants actively growing tissues have a high demand for phosphorus. They may absorb up to 75% of their total phosphorus requirements within the first few weeks of vegetative growth, with up to 51% of uptake happening overnight, primarily in the first few hours of nightfall. (Controlled comditions) but worth noting. Anaerobic root respiration, or respiration without oxygen, is detrimental to plants because it's less efficient and produces toxic byproducts, leading to reduced energy production, nutrient uptake issues, and ultimately, root damage and plant stress. Anaerobic respiration, unlike aerobic respiration, doesn't utilize oxygen as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain. This results in a significant drop in the amount of energy (ATP) produced, which is necessary for various plant functions, including growth, nutrient uptake, and maintenance of cellular processes. In the absence of oxygen, plants produce byproducts like ethanol and lactic acid during anaerobic fermentation. These byproducts can be toxic to the roots and inhibit their function, When oxygen is depleted in a medium, the pH tends to decrease (become more acidic) due to the production of metabolic byproducts. This is particularly relevant in biological systems where aerobic respiration relies on oxygen as the final electron acceptor. When oxygen is scarce, plants may switch to anaerobic respiration. This process produces carbon dioxide (CO2) as a byproduct.CO2 dissolves in water to form carbonic acid (H2CO3). This acid lowers the pH of the medium, making it more acidic. Anaerobic conditions can impair a plant's ability to regulate its internal pH, leading to a drop in cytoplasmic pH and potentially cellular acidosis. The change in pH can also affect the availability of certain nutrients to the plant, as pH influences the solubility of micronutrients like iron, manganese, zinc, copper, and boron. The lack of oxygen in the plant medium leads to a decrease in pH due to the production of carbon dioxide during anaerobic respiration and impaired pH regulation within the plant. In plant cells, cellular acidosis, a drop in the internal pH of the cytosol, is a significant stress response, particularly during conditions like flooding or hypoxia. This acidification can be triggered by a decrease in oxygen levels, leading to the production of metabolic byproducts like lactic acid and CO2. The plant's ability to tolerate and recover from these conditions depends on its cellular mechanisms to regulate pH and mitigate the effects of acidosis. When plants are subjected to low oxygen environments, such as those experienced during flooding, anaerobic metabolism, which produces lactic acid and ethanol, becomes the primary source of energy. This can lead to a build-up of these acidic metabolites in the cytosol, causing a drop in pH. Critical to understand if you ask me. Oxygen & Ozone, and its relation to Ultraviolet light. Atomic oxygen (single oxygen atom, O) is the lightest form of oxygen, as it has the lowest mass of the oxygen molecules. Oxygen also exists as a diatomic molecule (O2) and an allotrope called ozone (O3), which have higher masses due to the number of oxygen atoms combined. Atomic Oxygen (O): This refers to a single oxygen atom, which is the most fundamental form of oxygen. Molecular Oxygen (O2): This is the common form of oxygen we breathe, consisting of two oxygen atoms bonded together. Ozone (O3): This is an allotrope of oxygen, meaning it's a different form of the same element, consisting of three oxygen atoms bonded together. Since atomic oxygen has the fewest oxygen atoms, it naturally has the lowest mass compared to O2 or O3. Ozone (O3) Lifespan: Ozone has a relatively long lifespan in the stratosphere, particularly at lower altitudes. For example, at 32 km in the middle latitudes during spring, ozone has a lifetime of about 2 months. Oxygen (O) Lifespan: Atomic oxygen, on the other hand, has a much shorter lifespan. At the same altitude, its lifetime is about 4/100ths of a second. Ozone-Oxygen Cycle: The ozone-oxygen cycle involves the rapid exchange between atomic oxygen (O) and ozone (O3). UV radiation can split molecular oxygen (O2) into atomic oxygen (O), which then reacts with O2 to form ozone (O3). Ozone can also be photolyzed by UV radiation, creating atomic oxygen again, which can then react with O3 to reform O2. Dominant Form: The partitioning of odd oxygen (Ox) between ozone and atomic oxygen favors ozone in the lower stratosphere. This means that a much larger proportion of odd oxygen exists as ozone than as atomic oxygen, especially in the lower stratosphere. Recombination: Atomic oxygen has a high energy and reactivity. When it encounters another oxygen atom, they can combine to form O2. This process releases energy, contributing to the heating of the atmosphere. Ozone Formation: Atomic oxygen can also react with molecular oxygen (O2) to form ozone (O3). Ozone plays a significant role in absorbing harmful UV radiation. Other Reactions: Atomic oxygen can react with various other molecules in the atmosphere, like nitrogen (N2), water (H2O), and carbon dioxide (CO2), forming different compounds. UV light below 240nm (peak 185nm) creates ozone (O₃) through a process called photolysis, where UV light breaks down dioxygen molecules (O₂) into single atomic oxygen atoms (O). These single oxygen atoms then react with other oxygen molecules to form ozone (O₃). Specifically, UV-C light with wavelengths shorter than 240 nm can cause this photolysis. UV light with wavelengths between 240-280 nm, (peak 254 nm) breaks down ozone (O₃) into dioxygen molecules (O₂) and atomic oxygen atoms (O). 280nm does not have the energy potential to break apart the stable bond of (O₂) into enough (O) to make (O₃) At ground level, atomic oxygen (single oxygen atoms) has a very short lifespan. This is because it's highly reactive and quickly combines with other molecules to form stable diatomic oxygen (O2) or other compounds. While the exact timeframe varies depending on the specific circumstances, its lifespan is typically measured in nanoseconds or picoseconds.

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comments

1/30

12 hrs

Light Schedule

29 °C

Day Air Temp

6.7

650 PPM

TDS

35 %

Air Humidity

Ultraviolet You can dose a plant 40DLI, and it will grow. DLI is a measure of the energy captured in one cycle. Turgor pressure dictates cell elongation and growth. Turgor is dictated (daytime 90%) by transpiration. During transpiration, the plant pulls water from the roots, which creates osmosis. It is this osmosis that creates the pressure the plant uses to stretch cell membranes and grow rapidly. Turgor pressure is the counter-pressure the roots use to penetrate the soil. Osmosis plays a vital role in plants' nutrient uptake, particularly in the initial stages of absorption from the soil. Water, along with dissolved nutrients, moves into root cells via osmosis due to a concentration gradient. This process is driven by the higher solute concentration inside the root cells compared to the surrounding soil water, causing water to flow in the direction of higher salinity. Increased transpiration generally leads to increased nutrient uptake in plants. Transpiration, the process of water movement through a plant and evaporation from its leaves, creates a pulling force (cohesion-tension) that draws water and dissolved nutrients up from the roots. This "mass flow" of water brings nutrients into the plant. However, if transpiration is too high or too low, it can negatively impact nutrient uptake. While increased transpiration can lead to increased nutrient uptake, there is an optimal range. If transpiration is too low (water stress), nutrient uptake can be limited. If transpiration is too high, plants may close their stomata to reduce water loss, which can also limit nutrient uptake. Some nutrients, like calcium, are passively taken up by the plant, meaning they move along a concentration gradient (from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration). This passive uptake is driven by transpiration. Other nutrients may require active transport, where the plant uses energy to move them across the cell membrane. Normal drinking water generally contains 5-7 mg/L of dissolved oxygen. Fresh fountain water can have slightly higher levels, around 10-12 mg/L. Commercially produced oxygenated waters are designed to have a significantly higher concentration of dissolved oxygen, ranging from 30 to 120 mg/L. Some commercially available hyperoxygenated waters can reach levels of 80 ml O2/L (STPD). Apologies for rambling on, but it's crucial to remember how important oxygen is to everything; if it runs short in supply for a moment, anaerobic respiration takes over, lactic acid, ATP drops, growth hinders, and pH skews. Nutrients are the construction materials. Light is the energy. Water is the solvent used to transport these minerals. Osmosis builds the pressure, and the higher the pressure, the higher the rate of nutrient cycling, given that conditions are optimized. Microorganisms will compete with the plant's root zones for oxygen. Microbial activity in soil can be more pronounced during flowering than during the vegetative stage of a plant's life. This is because flowering involves much increased nutrient demands and changes in plant exudates, which can stimulate microbial activity in the rhizosphere. This is coupled with soil becoming slightly more moisture-retaining as more and more exudates are fed to the micros. Basically they go into overdrive, and that means they scavenge much higher levels of oxygen. less oxygen for the essential plant processes. High light intensities can lead to increased leaf thickness, density, and leaf dry mass, but also more stomata per mm2. Stomata are pores in the leaf that help with gas exchange (CO2 intake for photosynthesis) and water vapor release (transpiration). In essence, a high DLI (40) provides the light energy for photosynthesis, but the lack of water movement will severely hinder the plant's ability to utilize that energy and thrive. The plant will likely experience stress, wilting, and stunted growth. C60, also known as fullerene C60, has been shown to inhibit the production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). This is often attributed to its antioxidant properties and its ability to interact with mitochondria, leading to a mild uncoupling of respiration and phosphorylation, thus decreasing ROS production. This grow, I'll mostly be doing a slew of high-intensity testing, I want to observe for myself, I'm selfish like that. Inhibit by decreasing ROS production, you say. How does that change the mechanics of it? Meaning the soft cap on how much light can be utilized is lifted? I need to observe for myself under extreme duress. Plants, Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) are primarily produced during photosynthesis and respiration. When a plant experiences excess light, it can produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can be harmful to the plant. While cannabis plants have mechanisms to deal with ROS, the increased production under excess light can overwhelm these defenses and cause damage. In these situations, the plant's ability to photosynthesize efficiently may be limited due to the damage caused by excessive ROS. Xanthophyll Cycle, NPQ, ROS & Zeanthaxin are key to better understanding the underlying mechanism and how plants deal with excess light in extreme intensities. Plants utilize non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) as a crucial mechanism to dissipate excess energy and prevent photo-oxidative damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS). The xanthophyll cycle and Non-photochemical Quenching (NPQ) are tightly linked mechanisms that help plants dissipate excess light energy to prevent damage to the photosynthetic apparatus. The xanthophyll cycle, involving the conversion of violaxanthin to zeaxanthin, plays a key role in the induction and regulation of NPQ, a process where plants convert excess energy into heat. The conversion of violaxanthin to zeaxanthin is a crucial part of the xanthophyll cycle, a photoprotective mechanism in plants. This cycle is triggered by light stress, including UV-A radiation. This is why it's important to me in sunset and sunrise, to mimic nature; this helps protect the photosynthetic apparatus from damage. Violaxanthin de-epoxidase (VDE) catalyzes the conversion of violaxanthin to zeaxanthin, with antheraxanthin as an intermediate, under conditions of high light stress. Master Key. UV-B @ solar noon with extra 450nm to 495nm to drive the photolyase DNA repair mechanism, repairing 100% of cellular dmg done from high intensity UV-B, Organisms have enzymatic antioxidant systems like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) that help scavenge ROS and convert them into less harmful molecules. Non-enzymatic antioxidants, such as N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) and ascorbic acid, also play a role in scavenging ROS. I will facilitate. She will grow. Mr Crow told me so. Will the plant just stress into weirdness as its production of ROS is being "inhibited" to help deal with the rigours of excessively high light intensities? Still early days, but I was not expecting a seedling to be able to handle 93°F 30RH%. That puts VPD in the 3s, which is just insane for a seedling. Would have preferred photoperiods for this one, but we will make do with autos, don't like being on a timer from day 1, wanted to take my time and mess around in veg. For now, we can see how it goes, I guess, and if it messes up, I'll just blame bad genetics. If it goes well, then it's all in a day's work! If the rate of nutrient uptake exceeds the plant's ability to utilize them or if the soil nutrient supply is imbalanced, the plant can accumulate toxic levels of certain nutrients within plant tissue. Soooo, in that case, I'll just create a bigger demand, lift the cap to see how hard big and beautiful we can plump her up! You can put all the gasoline in a car you want, but if the mechanism that drives is not in high gear, you cannot travel far in a cycle. You can put all the DLI you want on a plant, if it's not uptaking efficiently with a lot of turgor pressure built up, it will not be able to "stretch" and grow much in a cycle. If you crank the transpiration 2x its regular speed, there will be a need for 2x the water, for double the growth, you will need double the mineral salt electrolytes in order to facilitate that growth. Salt left to evaporate in "water" will crystallize. When water evaporates, the dissolved salt molecules become more concentrated and, as the water continues to evaporate, they can no longer remain dissolved. This causes them to come out of the solution and form solid crystals. Think "water in medium" Interestingly with everything I've been reading on base saturation and how important Ca, Mg, and K are to soil composition, gets my mind noticing, because ive added so much cations, I observed how much more structured the soil becomes after a heavy top watering, as the top soil evaporates, the soil almost looks as if it forms a structure due to high level of salts in the medium susceptible to the effect of rapid evaporation daily, obviously I'm not talking about perfect structure, its soil, dirt, but its just so airy, you can just see how much oxygen could easily penetrate, sorta adds a little internal salt-like crystal skeleton to the soil to help give it structure, crumbles under any pressure, this cycle of evaporation creates porous pockets of air rather than a flat dense muck. Just something I noticed, really nice soil for growth. Topped all 4 plants on day 10. She will need to grow into the high intesities. At current height can't get it a ove 500 ppfd.

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Used techniques

Topping

Technique

1/19

12 hrs

Light Schedule

25 °C

Day Air Temp

45 %

Air Humidity

Nutrients 2

RAW Enzymes

0.33 mll

RAW Amino Acids

0.33 mll

Ultraviolet High temperatures, high transpiration, high turgor pressure, and lots of cell elongation. Cannabis plants can sense and respond to their surroundings. They don't have brains like humans, but they have evolved sophisticated ways to perceive and react to various environmental cues, including light, gravity, touch, water, sound, and even the presence of other plants. This ability, known as plant perception, allows them to adjust their growth, defend themselves, and even communicate with each other. Infrared light, particularly near-infrared (NIR), can influence plant growth and development by impacting various processes including initiation and elongation. UVB radiation inhibits stem and hypocotyl elongation in plants. Moderate UV-B exposure can cause a decrease in stem and leaf elongation, leading to a more compact plant architecture. Higher UV-B intensities, like 7.5 kJ·m−2, can lead to reduced elongation. So it becomes a dance of initiating a stretch to seek to higher ppfd, then whenever you want the stretching to slow down,UVB inhibits the stretch by altering hormone balance,, coupled with the high-intensity dli once you get her to a height where you want. Being autos I don't have much time to play around. So we are playing fast and loose, get stretched, and then spread her open. You get the idea. 86F 30% RH with the lower side of optimal on ppfd, with a smudgering of infra-red to initiate response of making her stretch more so than normal. Once she sprouts up in height, I drop metrics to 77F 55%RH% while upping the ppfd, giving her a dash of extra 430nm, giving the grow more of a 6000K. This encourages denser growth with less elongation. Higher side of optimal PPFD, with the auxin hormone balance changed, the side stems are starting to shoot up to the same canopy level as the apex (almost). Normally takes me 2 untrained toppings before a plant will flatten its canopy. I didn't take enough off the apex to do it in one chop, it was only day 10, so there really wasn't much to top from without creating unpredictable results using fim, opted just to keep it to a clean topping. Even predictability over the Chaos of the"Fim". Brainfart: Remember, the veg stage creates the skeleton that will stretch out into flowers. How dense you create the skeleton through light intensity will determine the density of your clusters as they form cola, as long as you can keep up with the demands. Increasing light intensity generally leads to plants having shorter internodal spacing, meaning the distance between nodes (where leaves grow) on a stem is reduced. This effect is particularly noticeable under LED grow lights, with great stress comes great dense clusters. Hello, temperature, my old friend! Goodbye, money on AC. What did the flower decide to study in college? STEM.

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2 comments

1/23

12 hrs

Light Schedule

25 °C

Day Air Temp

50 %

Air Humidity

24 °C

Night Air Temp

Nutrients 4

RAW Grow

0.65 mll

RAW B-vitamin

0.33 mll

RAW Bloom

0.65 mll

Ultraviolet Managed to break a main stem, tried my best to get her back on in rapid fashion, but it was a 95% clean break, so I can't expect 🙃 much. Oh well, that's what I get for cracking bad jokes.. Genetics is the study of heredity, the passing of traits from parents to offspring, while photomorphogenesis is the developmental process in plants where light influences growth and development. Genetics focuses on the fundamental principles of heredity and gene expression, while photomorphogenesis specifically investigates how light signals affect plant morphology, including growth, elongation, and overall development. Photomorphogenesis, the light-mediated developmental process in plants, involves complex gene expression regulation. This regulation occurs at multiple levels, from the initial perception of light signals by photoreceptors to the activation of specific gene networks and post-transcriptional modifications. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/pce.12934 Photomorphogenic responses to ultraviolet-B light Gareth I. Jenkins First published: 09 February 2017 https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.12934 Citations: 173

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Used techniques

LST

Technique

1/34

12 hrs

Light Schedule

29 °C

Day Air Temp

50 %

Air Humidity

24 °C

Night Air Temp

Ultraviolet Some nice little bud formations are creeping up already. Nice little foliar spray of some aminos to the underside of the leaf. An EC (Electrical Conductivity) meter, one that's made for the soil, it's so useful, as it indirectly indicates soil moisture as well as salt mineral nutrient levels. Just pop your metre stick in the soil and if ec is low, then it's time to water. Once there is water to assist in the conduction of electricity, the EC" will kick back up. 0.3-1.8, if it stays low, then you know it's time to add more mineral salt ferts! While Electrical Conductivity primarily indicates the overall salt content in soil, pH provides information about the relative proportion of cations (positively charged ions) in the soil's salt capacity. High EC signifies a higher salt concentration, while pH reflects the balance of cations like calcium, magnesium, potassium, ammoniacal nitrogen, sodium, and hydrogen. Smaller leaves have less surface area for stomata to occupy, so the stomata are packed more densely to maintain adequate gas exchange. Smaller leaves might have higher stomatal density to compensate for their smaller size, potentially maximizing carbon uptake and minimizing water loss. Environmental conditions like light intensity and water availability can influence stomatal density, and these factors can affect leaf size as well. Leaf development involves cell division and expansion, and stomatal differentiation is sensitive to these processes. In essence, the smaller leaf size can lead to a higher stomatal density due to the constraints of available space and the need to optimize gas exchange for photosynthesis and transpiration. In the long term, UV-B radiation can lead to more complex changes in stomatal morphology, including effects on both stomatal density and size, potentially impacting carbon sequestration and water use. In essence, UV-B can be a double-edged sword for stomata: It can induce stomatal closure and potentially reduce stomatal size, but it may also trigger an increase in stomatal density as a compensatory mechanism. Sugars, classified as carbohydrates, are composed of the elements carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O). They are characterized by the general formula (CH2O)n, where 'n' represents the number of carbon atoms. The most basic units of sugars, called monosaccharides, have this ratio of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. For example, glucose and fructose, both monosaccharides, have the formula C6H12O6. The reality of your typical plant. After harvest, with all water remove,d you are left with. (Ballpark) Mother-nutrients: Carbon 47%, Oxygen 43%, Hydrogen 4%. Macro-nutrients: Nitrogen 3%, Phosphorus1%, Potassium1%, Calcium1%, Magnesium0.5%, Sulfur0.5%. Micro-nutrients: All the rest combined 1% Nothing good can happen in a soil that can't breathe. Aerobic zone in soil is crucial. Microorganisms can break down sugars into their constituent atoms, though they don't typically do so completely to the individual elemental level (carbon, hydrogen, oxygen) in one step. Microorganisms utilize sugars through metabolic pathways like glycolysis and fermentation, converting them into simpler molecules like pyruvate and then potentially to other compounds like lactic acid, ethanol, or carbon dioxide, releasing energy in the process. Glycolysis: This is a central pathway where a glucose molecule (a common sugar) is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate. This process generates some ATP (energy) for the cell. Fermentation: If oxygen is limited, some microorganisms can ferment pyruvate, producing various end products like lactic acid (in lactic acid fermentation), ethanol and carbon dioxide (in alcoholic fermentation), or other organic acids. Further Breakdown: The products of glycolysis and fermentation can be further broken down through other metabolic pathways, potentially leading to the release of carbon dioxide and water, and the extraction of more energy. Not Always to Atoms: While some microorganisms can completely oxidize sugars to carbon dioxide and water, releasing all their energy, others may stop at intermediate stages, producing various organic compounds. Role of Enzymes: Microorganisms use specific enzymes to catalyze each step in these breakdown pathways. In summary, while microorganisms don't typically reduce sugars to individual atoms in one go, they break them down into simpler molecules, releasing energy and potentially forming new compounds as part of their metabolism.

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Kirstencommentedweek 021d ago

Nice choice on the charcoal friend! 😉 absolutely love the detail you put in, thank you for the information 😃💚✌️🍃

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Ultravioletcommented21d ago

@Kirsten, Thank you for the kind words, but don't thank me yet I could end up killing all the plants! Early days! Send a little prayer for the girls, tough life ahead 😉.

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Natronacommentedweek 01mo ago

Have fun.

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Ultravioletcommented21d ago

@Natrona, Thank you Natty, not much fun doing autos, the countdown from day 1, adds unnecessary pressure I feel, I do enjoy puttering around veg period with photoperiods at my own leisure. Next grow for sure!

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Natronacommentedweek 01mo ago

I've grown bitter melon.

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Ultravioletcommented21d ago

@Natrona, are they bitter? That is the question?

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