My homework. Rubisco regeneration is intrinsically linked to nitrogen supply because Rubisco is a major sink for nitrogen in plants, typically accounting for 15% to over 25% of total leaf nitrogen. The regeneration phase itself consumes nitrogen through the synthesis of the Rubisco enzyme and associated proteins (like Rubisco activase), and overall nitrogen status heavily influences the efficiency of RuBP regeneration.Structural Component: Nitrogen is an essential building block for all proteins, and the sheer abundance of the Rubisco protein makes it the single largest storage of nitrogen in the leaf. Synthesis and Activity: Adequate nitrogen supply is crucial for the synthesis and maintenance of sufficient Rubisco enzyme and Rubisco activase (Rca), the regulatory protein responsible for maintaining Rubisco's active state. Nitrogen deficiency leads to a decrease in the content and activity of both Rubisco and Rca, which in turn limits the maximum carboxylation rate, Vmax, and the rate of RuBP regeneration Jmax, thus reducing overall photosynthetic capacity. Nitrogen Storage and Remobilization: Rubisco can act as a temporary nitrogen storage protein, which is degraded to remobilize nitrogen to other growing parts of the plant, especially under conditions of nitrogen deficiency or senescence. Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE): The allocation of nitrogen to Rubisco is a key determinant of a plant's photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency (PNUE). In high-nitrogen conditions, plants may accumulate a surplus of Rubisco, which may not be fully activated, leading to a lower PNUE. Optimizing the amount and activity of Rubisco relative to nitrogen availability is a target for improving crop NUE. Photorespiration and Nitrogen Metabolism: Nitrogen metabolism is also linked to the photorespiration pathway (which competes with carboxylation at the Rubisco active site), particularly in the reassimilation of ammonia released during the process. To increase RuBisCO regeneration, which refers to the process of forming the CO2 acceptor molecule Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) during photosynthesis, the primary methods involve optimizing the levels and activity of Rubisco activase (Rca) and enhancing the performance of other Calvin-Benson-Bassham (CBB) cycle enzymes. Biochemical and Environmental Approaches: Optimize Rubisco Activase (Rca) activity: Rca is a crucial chaperone protein that removes inhibitory sugar phosphates, such as CA1P (2-carboxy-D-arabinitol 1-phosphate), from the Rubisco active site, thus maintaining its catalytic competence. •Ensure optimal light conditions: Rca is light-activated via the chloroplast's redox status. Adequate light intensity ensures Rca can effectively maintain Rubisco in its active, carbamylated state. •Maintain optimal temperature: Rca is highly temperature-sensitive and can become unstable at moderately high temperatures (e.g., above 35°C/95F° in many C3 plants), which decreases its ability to activate Rubisco. Maintaining temperatures within the optimal range for a specific plant species is important. •Optimize Mg2+ concentration: Mg2+ is a key cofactor for both Rubisco carbamylation and Rca activity. In the light, Mg2+ concentration in the chloroplast stroma increases, promoting activation. •Manage ATP/ADP ratio: Rca activity depends on ATP hydrolysis and is inhibited by ADP. Conditions that maintain a high ATP/ADP ratio in the chloroplast stroma favor Rca activity. Enhance Calvin-Benson-Bassham (CBB) cycle enzyme activity: The overall rate of RuBP regeneration can be limited by other enzymes in the cycle. •Increase SBPase activity: Sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase (SBPase) is a key regulatory enzyme in the regeneration pathway, and increasing its activity can enhance RuBP regeneration and overall photosynthesis. •Optimize other enzymes: Overexpression of other CBB cycle enzymes such as fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (FBA) and triose phosphate isomerase (TPI) can also help to balance the metabolic flux and improve RuBP regeneration capacity. Magnesium ions, Mg2+, are specifically required for Rubisco activation because the cation plays a critical structural and chemical role in forming the active site: A specific lysine residue in the active site must be carbamylated by a CO2 molecule to activate the enzyme. The resulting negatively charged carbamyl group then facilitates the binding of the positively charged Mg2+ion. While other divalent metal ions like Mn2+ can bind to Rubisco, they alter the enzyme's substrate specificity and lead to dramatically lower activity or a higher rate of the non-productive oxygenation reaction compared to Mg2+, making them biologically unfavorable in the context of efficient carbon fixation. The concentration of Mg2+ in the chloroplast stroma naturally increases in the light due to ion potential balancing during ATP synthesis, providing a physiological mechanism to ensure the enzyme is activated when photosynthesis is possible. At the center of the porphyrin ring, nestled within its nitrogen atoms, is a Magnesium ion (Mg2+). This magnesium ion is crucial for the function of chlorophyll, and without it, the pigment cannot effectively capture and transfer light energy. Mg acts as a cofactor: Mg2+ binds to Rubisco after an activator CO2 molecule, forming a catalytically competent complex (Enzyme-CO2-Mg2+). High light + CO2) increases demand: Under high light (60 DLI is a very high intensity, potentially saturating) and high CO2, the plant's capacity for photosynthesis is high, and thus the demand for activated Rubisco and the necessary Mg2+ cofactor increases. Mg deficiency becomes limiting: If Mg2+ is deficient under these conditions, the higher levels of Rubisco and Rubisco activase produced cannot be fully activated, leading to lower photosynthetic rates and potential photo-oxidative damage. Optimal range: Studies show that adequate Mg2+ application can enhance Rubisco activation and stabilize net photosynthetic rates under stress conditions, but the required concentration is specific to the experimental setup. Monitoring is key: The most effective approach in a controlled environment is to monitor the plant's physiological responses e.g., leaf Mg2+ concentration, photosynthetic rate, Rubisco activation state, and adjust the nutrient solution/fertilizer to maintain adequate levels, rather than supplementing a fixed "extra" amount. In practice, this means ensuring that Mg2+ is not a limiting factor in the plant's standard nutrient solution when pushing the limits with high light and CO2. Applying Mg2+ through foliar spray is beneficial to Rubisco regeneration, particularly in alleviating the negative effects of magnesium (Mg) deficiency and high-temperature stress (HTS). While Mg can be leached from soil, within the plant it is considered a mobile nutrient, particularly in the phloem. Foliar-applied Mg is quickly absorbed by the leaves and can be translocate to other plant parts, including new growth and sink organs. Foliar application of: NATURES VERY OWN MgSO4 @ 15.0g L-1 in a spray bottle. Foliar sprays are often recommended as a rapid rescue measure for existing deficiencies or as a supplement during critical growth stages, when demand for Mg is high. Application in the early morning or late evening can improve absorption and prevent leaf burn. The starting point [of creativity] is curiosity: pondering why the default exists in the first place. We’re driven to question defaults when we experience vuja de, the opposite of déjà vu. Déjà vu occurs when we encounter something new, but it feels as if we’ve seen it before. Vuja de is the reverse—we face something familiar, but we see it with a fresh perspective that enables us to gain new insights into old problems.

5/5/24

Ok

Week 8 Nana Boo boo we lost one of 3 & the other is recovering from epic

Welcome to week 12 of my Watermelon candy by Zamnesia seeds. Zamnesia seeds 10% discount with code GROWITGD Beautifull colours, beautifull buds, Almost finished, cutting at 70% Brown pistils / milky trichs Zamnesia seeds 10% discount with code GROWITGD Viparspectra discount: Amazon: http://url-9.cn/0y9i Amazon US: https://amzn.to/3e0P2bk Amazon CA: https://amzn.to/3bTnEJC Amazon discount Code: it10smokwiri XS1000 10% XSsmokwiri XS1500 8% it20smokwiri XS2000 5% it40smokwiri XS4000 5%

Another awesome week as these buds are getting dense and Frosty

The seeds germinated after 1-3 days, 1x runtz unfortunately did not germinate. 3 Days after the germination the plants were growing too quickly so I repot them them in deeper and increased the light intensity to 50% = 100 watts. When repotting in biobizz light mix, the plants were also given a load of Mykorrizah from Great white premium.

It's harvest time for Pineapple too. This little one has grown very quickly since the beginning, living up to her name and surpassing all the others born with her in height. She caused no problems, completely indifferent to everything going on around her. Beautiful to look at and wonderful to smell, completely covered in trichomes. It's like smelling a pineapple! So fresh, so tropical!

Day who knows at this point.

Chopped down and trimmed 2 of my plants today at the end of their 2 week flush, will cut down the last plant next week and put my harvest weight up for the 2 plants worth of dried bud. Took about 4 hours to trim the 2 and I'm happy with the results, not sure how much is there but I'd rather weight til it's dry before I weigh it. There was also some strange looking new growth at the base of one of the plants, quite a few shoots with flowers so went through it and got about 30 good looking seeds out of it bit weird in my opinion but fair enough.. gonna carry these with me in a tin and plant them wherever I see a good spot outdoors and see what happens 😋 Hung them up today to dry as I didn't realize they would eventually go flat and take ages to dry if left in the trays 🙄🙄 should be alright now hopefully 🤞 The bud are nice and dry now after 5 days hung up, gonna leave them up another day as I've got some bovida 62 packs coming tomorrow that I'm gonna put in the jars 😊 gonna chop down the rest of the last plant tomorrow as well then hang that up to dry.

Bastante bien

First grow. Ph 6.3 /temp 23 /RH%60 /water ppm 210 /Co2 500 ppm/18-6 light/ par value 600/ techna flora recipe for success nutrient cycle. Kryptonite organic worm casting soil. No training yet. 3.5 litres of water every 3 days . First mistake and note to growers and self when using spray bottle to wet surface make sure not rip off any leaves as your pulling the trigger... on the do Sweet dos plant. oh well she will live.

23.08.24: I've done considerable defoliation. Also, FBP1 and FBP3 have grown all over the place. The stems are also relatively weaker as they've grown so much. (Photos above). Being as the plants were looking a bit delicate, I added some string and tied the side branches lightly to keep them a bit more compact. Additionally, FBP2 has a considerable amount of buds on the main cola. So I've added a plant stake, and I just tied string around the stake and the main stalk. The humidity has been able to stay under 53%. That's with 3 dehumidifiers. So I'm pretty sure that's about as good as it will probably be. I've had to lower the watering frequency on FBP3, as I overwatered only this plant. and also added too much Nitrogen in. As a result all the leaves are looking droopy. I'm really not sure how this will pan out, as they all still look like they're weeks away from harvest. Anyway, I'll update throughout the week. 25.8.24: I was tending to the garden a majority of the day, and realised that a branch had broken on FBP2. I acted quickly to insert plant stakes, to provide the heavily laden branches additional support. See photos above. The branch was bent or snapped, but still in one piece. I used duct tape to carefully put it back together. Before making a stake for it. Silica, apparently wasn't quite enough to get the FBP2 through the whole way. The flowers are very heavy and dense. I have also given the plants water yesterday with concentrations of the following nutrients, per plant. ● 9ltr of dechlorinated tap water with 6ml of cal-mag, 3ml of Ecothrive Flourish, 6ml of Xpert Nutrients Bloom Booster. I have also added cinnamon top dress after watering, as I have noticed some fungus gnats. I checked the trichomes through one of my loupes yesterday too, and nearly all are still glass like in appearance, with some cloudy here and there. I'm definitely going to have some time left on these girls. I did check the PH if my soil on all plants as I was concerned about nutrient lock out on FBP3. All pots tested out at 7.0 Ph exactly, before and after watering. Thanks for reading my diary 😊

Day 29, giving structure to ghe little baby, trying to multiply branches and giving some attention to the topped one. Day 30 fertisilisation today. Next time just water. LST is still in the middle Day 32 31/10 dinner at 100% now and pushing hard with grow, just watering without fertilisation this time and lamp higher for 2 cm. Stretching a little bit before passi into flow, next 7/8 days of veg Let’s see what’s happen

7semanas desde la apertura de cotiledones, vamos super. El spectrumboard de heavengrowligths y abono orgánico de wonderlandAgronutrients. Que mejor combinación 🔥