Drawing nutes form the leaves just means the light was a tad too strong for what the roots (or lack of roots) could provide. As long as it isn't too much, it is fine. Paline will reverse, but the next progression of damage will not be reversible
scratching should be extremely superficial. if you cut in too deep, it does the opposite of help, fyi. So, it is a hit or miss technique no matter how many youtube videos show you 1 data point that is different. They don't show you the failure, kinda like how a gambler never tells you about their losses. I do it. I barely hold the sharp pruners against it and scrape off a very thin layer in a few spots.. if it doesn't scrape the "skin" oh well - that's the side i want to error on with this technique.
The other thing that helps a lot is colder temps above substrate and warmer temps in the substrate. this reduced vege growth up top and any growth that occurs should be mostly focusing on the roots. Nurderies employ this strategy.. it is no bro science. Chat with some professionals at your local nursery to verify.
Limiting transpiration is the other helpful thing you can do. In drier climates, a humidity dome can significantly increase rooting success-rate. In the winter i used to see a drop in success rate. It was a combination of too dry and a bit too cold substrate. when i started using a dome and heatmat, it went back to ~99%. Last year i took 15-16 cuttings and all had at least some form of roots by day 9. One only had some very delicate strings and the nubs, so 1 was a bit behind the others, but was still rooting. The others all were screaming for a transplant at fd8-9.
It's impossible to be certain unless significant vege growth is occuring or you can see a root at a drainage hole in pot. Some people use a clear cup nested in an opaque cup. I use a tiny 2.5" wide seedling pot. Once those roots are more than white nubs along stem, it only takes a day or two to reach the bottom. I can see roots pooping out at day 8-9 and i don't use any hormone or additional gimmicks.
Rooting hormone may take a day or two off a schedule. Don't buy a name brand for this. Like Rx drugs, the generic is the same thing. indole-3-butyric acid is a common ingredient and there are other options as far as active ingredient too. If it is the same active ingredient, it's the same thing.
The rest of what you read out there is a bunch of unverified beliefs. Like icing roots before harvest.. there's simply a lot of stupid shit out there that is more about someone being self-absorbed than caring about facts... care more about their feeling while doing it than ever reflecting or testing the hypothesis against a control group.
It can take longer with some strains. I'm not sure how much consistency the heat mat brings with that, but i just took another set of 15 cuttings, and at day 9 they look damn perky, again. Might take 1-2 days longer this time, but i'm not in a race, either. I do care about consistency. I can plan around consistency with confidence. FWIW, the right side of my tray had a lot more light hitting it off the wall of tent with mothers. The 5 cuttings on that side are showing more paling than the rest. No biggie. I'd rather err slightly on too much photosynthesis taking place than too little.
i've read one source say you should take lower growth and other sources say upper growth. I don't see much of a difference, lol, but i also recognize my sample sizes are not large enough to paint a proper picture for comparison.
Anyway, that's what i've learned over 4-5 years. Strip away the gimmicks. Try any one you want 1 at a time, but only after you have a good understanding of what "normal" is with a simple process. That way when you try allow or scoring the stem, you can compare it to something instead of a strong motivation for confirmation bias that is in all of us.
Plop a cutting in water, and it'll root. the plant wants to root as long as you provide an environment that promotes it. Not saying to form a baseline this way, but to show it's not about what we do... its about not getting in the plant's way. The plant at all times does all of the work. We either fuck it up or don't fuck it up. It's a safer way to frame/perceive things to recognize what we did to cause those mistakes and reduce that occurence in future.