ANTHOCYANIN production is primarily controlled by the Cryptochrome (CR1) Photoreceptor ( !! UV and Blue Spectrums are primary drivers in the production of the pigment that replaces chlorophyll, isn't that awesome! 1. Diverse photoreceptors in plants Many civilizations, including the sun god of ancient Egypt, thought that the blessings of sunlight were the source of life. In fact, the survival of all life, including humans, is supported by the photosynthesis of plants that capture solar energy. Plants that perform photosynthesis have no means of transportation except for some algae. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor various changes in the external environment and respond appropriately to the place to survive. Among various environmental information, light is especially important information for plants that perform photosynthesis. In the process of evolution, plants acquired phytochrome, which mainly receives light in the red light region, and multiple blue light receptors, including his hytropin and phototropin, in order to sense the light environment. .. In addition to these, an ultraviolet light receptor named UVR8 was recently discovered. The latest image of the molecular structure and function of these various plant photoreceptors (Fig. 1), focusing on phytochrome and phototropin. Figure 1 Ultraviolet-visible absorption spectra of phytochrome, cryptochrome, phototropin, and UVR8. The dashed line represents each bioactive absorption spectrum. 2. Phytochrome; red-far red photoreversible molecular switch What is phytochrome? Phytochrome is a photochromic photoreceptor, and has two absorption types, a red light absorption type Pr (absorption maximum wavelength of about 665 nm) and a far-red light absorption type Pfr (730 nm). Reversible light conversion between the two by red light and far-red light, respectively(Fig. 1A, solid line and broken line). In general, Pfr is the active form that causes a physiological response. With some exceptions, phytochrome can be said to function as a photoreversible molecular switch. The background of the discovery is as follows. There are some types of plants that require light for germination (light seed germination). From that study, it was found that germination was induced by red light, the effect was inhibited by subsequent far-red light irradiation, and this could be repeated, and the existence of photoreceptors that reversibly photoconvert was predicted. In 1959, its existence was confirmed by the absorption spectrum measurement of the yellow sprout tissue, and it was named phytochrome. Why does the plant have a sensor to distinguish between such red light and far-red light? There is no big difference between the red and far-red light regions in the open-field spectrum of sunlight, but the proportion of red light is greatly reduced due to the absorption of chloroplasts in the shade of plants. Similar changes in light quality occur in the evening sunlight. Plants perceive this difference in light quality as the ratio of Pr and Pfr, recognize the light environment, and respond to it. Subsequent studies have revealed that it is responsible for various photomorphogenic reactions such as photoperiodic flowering induction, shade repellent, and deyellowing (greening). Furthermore, with the introduction of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana (At) and the development of molecular biological analysis methods, research has progressed dramatically, and his five types of phytochromes (phyA-E) are present in Arabidopsis thaliana. all right. With the progress of the genome project, Fi’s tochrome-like photoreceptors were found in cyanobacteria, a photosynthetic prokaryotes other than plants. Furthermore, in non-photosynthetic bacteria, a homologue molecule called bacteriophytochrome photoreceptor (BphP) was found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa) and radiation-resistant bacteria (Deinococcus radiodurans, Dr). Domain structure of phytochrome molecule Phytochrome molecule can be roughly divided into N-terminal side and C-terminal side region. PAS (Per / Arndt / Sim: blue), GAF (cGMP phosphodiesterase / adenylyl cyclase / FhlA: green), PHY (phyto-chrome: purple) 3 in the N-terminal region of plant phytochrome (Fig. 2A) There are two domains and an N-terminal extension region (NTE: dark blue), and phytochromobilin (PΦB), which is one of the ring-opening tetrapyrroles, is thioether-bonded to the system stored in GAF as a chromophore. ing. PAS is a domain involved in the interaction between signal transduction-related proteins, and PHY is a phytochrome-specific domain. There are two PASs and her histidine kinase-related (HKR) domain (red) in the C-terminal region, but the histidine essential for kinase activity is not conserved. 3. Phototropin; photosynthetic efficiency optimized blue light receptor What is phototropin? Charles Darwin, who is famous for his theory of evolution, wrote in his book “The power of move-ment in plants” published in 1882 that plants bend toward blue light. Approximately 100 years later, the protein nph1 (nonphoto-tropic hypocotyl 1) encoded by one of the causative genes of Arabidopsis mutants causing phototropic abnormalities was identified as a blue photoreceptor. Later, another isotype npl1 was found and renamed phototropin 1 (phot1) and 2 (phot2), respectively. In addition to phototropism, phototropin is damaged by chloroplast photolocalization (chloroplasts move through the epidermal cells of the leaves and gather on the cell surface under appropriate light intensity for photosynthesis. As a photoreceptor for reactions such as escaping to the side of cells under dangerous strong light) and stomata (reactions that open stomata to optimize the uptake of carbon dioxide, which is the rate-determining process of photosynthetic reactions). It became clear that it worked. In this way, phototropin can be said to be a blue light receptor responsible for optimizing photosynthetic efficiency. Domain structure and LOV photoreaction of phototropin molecule Phototropin molecule has two photoreceptive domains (LOV1 and LOV2) called LOV (Light-Oxygen-Voltage sensing) on the N-terminal side, and serine / on the C-terminal side. It is a protein kinase that forms threonine kinase (STK) (Fig. 4Aa) and whose activity is regulated by light. LOV is one molecule as a chromophore, he binds FMN (flavin mononucleotide) non-covalently. The LOV forms an α/βfold, and the FMN is located on a β-sheet consisting of five antiparallel β-strands (Fig. 4B). The FMN in the ground state LOV shows the absorption spectrum of a typical oxidized flavin protein with a triplet oscillation structure and an absorption maximum wavelength of 450 nm, and is called D450 (Fig. 1C and Fig. 4E). After being excited to the singlet excited state by blue light, the FMN shifts to the triplet excited state (L660t *) due to intersystem crossing, and then the C4 (Fig. 4C) of the isoaroxazine ring of the FMN is conserved in the vicinity. It forms a transient accretionary prism with the tain (red part in Fig. 4B Eα) (S390I). When this cysteine is replaced with alanine (C / A substitution), the addition reaction does not occur. The effect of adduct formation propagates to the protein moiety, causing kinase activation (S390II). After that, the formed cysteine-flavin adduct spontaneously dissociates and returns to the original D450 (Fig. 4E, dark regression reaction). Phototropin kinase activity control mechanism by LOV2 Why does phototropin have two LOVs? Atphot1 was found as a protein that is rapidly autophosphorylated when irradiated with blue light. The effect of the above C / A substitution on this self-phosphorylation reaction and phototropism was investigated, and LOV2 is the main photomolecular switch in both self-phosphorylation and phototropism. It turns out that it functions as. After that, from experiments using artificial substrates, STK has a constitutive activity, LOV2 functions as an inhibitory domain of this activity, and the inhibition is eliminated by photoreaction, while LOV1 is kinase light. It was shown to modify the photosensitivity of the activation reaction. In addition to this, LOV1 was found to act as a dimerization site from the crystal structure and his SAXS. What kind of molecular mechanism does LOV2 use to photoregulate kinase activity? The following two modules play important roles in this intramolecular signal transduction. Figure 4 (A) Domain structure of LOV photoreceptors. a: Phototropin b: Neochrome c: FKF1 family protein d: Aureochrome (B) Crystal structure of auto barley phot1 LOV2. (C) Structure of FMN isoaroxazine ring. (D) Schematic diagram of the functional domain and module of Arabidopsis thaliana phot1. L, A’α, and Jα represent linker, A’α helix, and Jα helix, respectively. (E) LOV photoreaction. (F) Molecular structure model (mesh) of the LOV2-STK sample (black line) containing A’α of phot2 obtained based on SAXS under dark (top) and under bright (bottom). The yellow, red, and green space-filled models represent the crystal structures of LOV2-Jα, protein kinase A N-lobe, and C-robe, respectively, and black represents FMN. See the text for details. 1) Jα. LOV2 C of oat phot1-to α immediately after the terminus Rix (Jα) is present (Fig. 4D), which interacts with the β-sheet (Fig. 4B) that forms the FMN-bound scaffold of LOV2 in the dark, but unfolds and dissociates from the β-sheet with photoreaction. It was shown by NMR that it does. According to the crystal structure of LOV2-Jα, this Jα is located on the back surface of the β sheet and mainly has a hydrophobic interaction. The formation of S390II causes twisting of the isoaroxazine ring and protonation of N5 (Fig. 4C). As a result, the glutamine side chain present on his Iβ strand (Fig. 4B) in the β-sheet rotates to form a hydrogen bond with this protonated N5. Jα interacts with this his Iβ strand, and these changes are thought to cause the unfold-ing of Jα and dissociation from the β-sheet described above. Experiments such as amino acid substitution of Iβ strands revealed that kinases exhibit constitutive activity when this interaction is eliminated, and that Jα plays an important role in photoactivation of kinases. 2) A’α / Aβ gap. Recently, several results have been reported showing the involvement of amino acids near the A’α helix (Fig. 4D) located upstream of the N-terminal of LOV2 in kinase photoactivation. Therefore, he investigated the role of this A’α and its neighboring amino acids in kinase photoactivation, photoreaction, and Jα structural change for Atphot1. The LOV2-STK polypeptide (Fig. 4D, underlined in black) was used as a photocontrollable kinase for kinase activity analysis. As a result, it was found that the photoactivation of the kinase was abolished when amino acid substitution was introduced into the A’α / Aβ gap between A’α and Aβ of the LOV2 core. Interestingly, he had no effect on the structural changes in Jα examined on the peptide map due to the photoreaction of LOV2 or trypsin degradation. Therefore, the A’α / Aβ gap is considered to play an important role in intramolecular signal transduction after Jα. Structural changes detected by SAXS Structural changes of Jα have been detected by various biophysical methods other than NMR, but structural information on samples including up to STK is reported only by his results to his SAXS. Not. The SAXS measurement of the Atphot2 LOV2-STK polypeptide showed that the radius of inertia increased from 32.4 Å to 34.8 Å, and the molecular model (Fig. 4F) obtained by the ab initio modeling software GASBOR is that of LOV2 and STK. It was shown that the N lobes and C lobes lined up in tandem, and the relative position of LOV2 with respect to STK shifted by about 13 Å under light irradiation. The difference in the molecular model between the two is considered to reflect the structural changes that occur in the Jα and A’α / Aβ gaps mentioned above. Two phototropins with different photosensitivity In the phototropic reaction of Arabidopsis Arabidopsis, Arabidopsis responds to a very wide range of light intensities from 10–4 to 102 μmol photon / sec / m2. At that time, phot1 functions as an optical sensor in a wide range from low light to strong light, while phot2 reacts with light stronger than 1 μmol photon / sec / m2. What is the origin of these differences? As is well known, animal photoreceptors have a high photosensitivity due to the abundance of rhodopsin and the presence of biochemical amplification mechanisms. The exact abundance of phot1 and phot2 in vivo is unknown, but interesting results have been obtained in terms of amplification. The light intensity dependence of the photoactivation of the LOV2-STK polypeptide used in the above kinase analysis was investigated. It was found that phot1 was about 10 times more photosensitive than phot2. On the other hand, when the photochemical reactions of both were examined, it was found that the rate of the dark return reaction of phot1 was about 10 times slower than that of phot2. This result indicates that the longer the lifetime of S390II, which is in the kinase-activated state, the higher the photosensitivity of kinase activation. This correlation was further confirmed by extending the lifespan of her S390II with amino acid substitutions. This alone cannot explain the widespread differences in photosensitivity between phot1 and phot2, but it may explain some of them. Furthermore, it is necessary to investigate in detail protein modifications such as phosphorylation and the effects of phot interacting factors on photosensitivity. Other LOV photoreceptors Among fern plants and green algae, phytochrome ɾphotosensory module (PSM) on the N-terminal side and chimera photoreceptor with full-length phototropin on the C-terminal side, neochrome (Fig. There are types with 4Ab). It has been reported that some neochromes play a role in chloroplast photolocalization as a red light receiver. It is considered that fern plants have such a chimera photoreceptor in order to survive in a habitat such as undergrowth in a jungle where only red light reaches. In addition to this, plants have only one LOV domain, and three proteins involved in the degradation of photomorphogenesis-related proteins, FKF1 (Flavin-binding, Kelch repeat, F-box 1, ZTL (ZEITLUPE)), LKP2 ( There are LOV Kelch Protein2) (Fig. 4Ac) and aureochrome (Fig. 4Ad), which has a bZip domain on the N-terminal side of LOV and functions as a gene transcription factor. 4. Cryptochrome and UVR8 Cryptochrome is one of the blue photoreceptors and forms a superfamily with the DNA photoreceptor photolyase. It has FAD (flavin adenine dinucle-otide) as a chromophore and tetrahydrofolic acid, which is a condensing pigment. The ground state of FAD is considered to be the oxidized type, and the radical type (broken line in Fig. 1B) generated by blue light irradiation is considered to be the signaling state. The radical type also absorbs in the green to orange light region, and may widen the wavelength region of the plant morphogenesis reaction spectrum. Cryptochrome uses blue light to control physiological functions similar to phytochrome. It was identified as a photoreceptor from one of the causative genes of UVR8 Arabidopsis thaliana, and the chromophore is absorbed in the UVB region by a Trp triad consisting of three tryptophans (Fig. 1D). It is involved in the biosynthesis of flavonoids and anthocyanins that function as UV scavengers in plants. Conclusion It is thought that plants have acquired various photoreceptors necessary for their survival during a long evolutionary process. The photoreceptors that cover the existing far-red light to UVB mentioned here are considered to be some of them. More and more diverse photoreceptor genes are conserved in cyanobacteria and marine plankton. By examining these, it is thought that the understanding of plant photoreceptors will be further deepened.

Plants keep growing very well, stopped to stretch and already start showing pistils. This in only 14 days of flowering. That shows how fast you can grow using clones instead of starting from seeds, infact clones have same age of mother plants from wich are taken, that have already reached sexual maturity by far and so they are much more ready to flower unlike plants bornt from seed.

9/28 Week 11 and Beginning Flush No nuets Look for 7-10 days till harvest 9/29 All good just a pic of the clones 9/30 Pics She is slowly ripening, good trics, be ready in a few

Daily reports: Day 1. Watering - Night: 6.0 pH 636 ppm 3.0 l => 5.95 pH 1120 ppm 0.6 l Day 2. Watering - Night: 6.0 pH 596 ppm 3.0 l => 5.6 pH 2250 ppm 0.4 l Day 3. Watering - Day: 6.0 pH 596 ppm 3.0 l => 5.95 pH 2110 ppm 0.75 l Flushing - Night: 5.75 pH 8.0 l => 750 ppm Day 4. Watering - Day: 6.0 pH 636 ppm 3.0 l => 6.45 pH 703 ppm 2.3 l Watering - Night: 6.0 pH 619 ppm 2.0 l => 6.4 pH 833 ppm 0.3 l Notes: This week goal is to fix my mistakes and return Heracles in the normal state. Day 5. Watering - Day: 6.0 pH 636 ppm 2.0 l => 6.1 pH 954 ppm 0.65 l Watering - Night: 5.9 pH 600 ppm 1.5 l => 6.1 pH 935 ppm 0.25 l Day 6. Watering - Day: 5.85 pH 552 ppm 1.5 l => 6.1 pH 950 ppm 0.4 l Watering - Night: 6.0 pH 416 ppm 2.0 l => 6.0 pH 916 ppm 0.5 l Day 7. Watering - Day: 6.0 pH 512 ppm 2.0 l => 5.95 pH 1040 ppm 0.4 l Watering - Night: 5.9 pH 616 ppm 2.0 l => 5.8 pH 1060 ppm 0.8 l

Still stretching. Second scrog level shortly.

buds are starting to get heavy I had to put a few on steaks

Week 9 of Flower - Beautiful colours and a crazy smell

This week you could see the bud sites starting to really show :) Did some heavy defoliation but again you can't tell by the pictures Pheno #1 and #2 were growing so tall and were stretching every day it was hard to get the lights any higher. Soon they won't be able to go any higher. Feeding schedule stayed constant for most of the grow. See previous weeks

Pianta very good... complimenti a fast buds.come sempre si più dire che sono tra i migliori creatori di auto...grandi fast buds.continuate così arriverete AD essere lì migliori in assoluto,🤞👍💪💪💪💪

******** Week 7 - January 20 to 26, 2020 (Days 43 to 49 from germination) She continuers to impress with her resilience as I have thrown a couple of curves at her.......but she continues to fatten and grow her buds😎 It was also not without learning though and thats what is so cool about growing this plant.......you always seem to leave a grow feeling like you could do even better next time and therefore challenging yourself to do better......and have dab while doing it😂 Not sure if I have a little different pheno but if I ran her again I would find a way to train her out wider. 5 gal pot diameter idea........maybe don’t fill with as much medium? Again, simply to keep light hitting all the lower sites. Where does the “XL” come into play as well I guess. Removed branches early on that were low. This grow, her narrow leaves have allowed a lot of light down below but it will be felt in a little less yield.....think the pH got a little high....or potassium excess......Terpinator too early? If left to a single cola she would be tall and have a huge cola I suspect......Gorilla Grow with the extension type of potential! She has loved the water feeds. Missed out bit by backing off of the CalMag a bit too much.....stems say deficiency that but leaves show toxicity? (Back to that you always feel you can do better thing😬) Got a little crazy with the PPM and saw tip burn in week 7. Gave a quick little flush with RO water and Sensyzime to clean up the roots of the salts. Didn’t get crazy though because it was just the top leaves burnt. Been building the medium up to this point so don’t want to wash it all away just yet. She didn’t claw down and over night appeared to still keep moving forward with bud growth. I did notice a small amount of hairs starting to turn red by weeks end......likely won’t be long before more are red and we go to flush👍 (Make it to end of week 8??) No rush though.......still lots of room to fatten up yet. In the week a head there will be the last push to get her medium in as good a shape as my skills will warrant. I want to get a good 10 + days of flush but her leaves are going to finish dark from what I can see. Run-off has been reasonable though so will keep fingers crossed 😄🤞 Little more detail.... Jan 20/20 - Day 43 - Drinking lots right now, close to 4L per day, so 2L plain water only in AM. 6.2pH,. - Feed in PM was light as well. Sensyzime @ 2ml and LW8 & Rezin @ 1.5ml only. 2L given with 75ppm. 5.9pH - She was given a good feeding yesterday. - Buds sites are stacking.......she is making me 😃 Jan 21/20 - Day 44 - AM - 3L with Dual Fual A&B @ 1.5ml/L. 725ppm and 5.9pH. - PM hit her again - full feeding minus Rhino Skin, Sensyzime and Vitrathrive and VeloKelp. 2.5L 1000ppm and 5.9pH. - Runoff - 1100ppm and 5.9pH. - top leaves were droopy so the extra feeding in the evening. Jan 22/20 - Day 45 - Backing off quantity a bit and down to 2L feed in PM. Her pot was still fairly heavy. - Mass & Terp @ 3ml, Rezin & LW8 & DF @ 1.5ml, CalMag @ 0.5ml = 1300ppm - Very perky today....standing up all the way down the plant. Liked the feed yesterday. *******should have reduced this PPM feed......you want to push when you see potential😕 Jan 23/20 - Day 46 - Supplemental feeding only today. Happy so don't rock the boat :) - Sensyzime @ 2ml, LW8 & Rezin @ 1.5ml = 80ppm 6.1pH - 2L only today.....still some weight to the pot Jan 24/20 - Day 47 - Nute burn on Green Poison’s tips seen today. - Flushed through 7L of plain RO water pH to 5.95. - Runoff: 325ppm and 5.9pH. - Followed right away with 2L more water with Sensyzime @ 3ml/L - happy and praying in the evening......little surprising actually👊👌 Jan 25/20 - Day 48 - 2.5L of full strength feeding for this week. - ppm for that was 1275 so watered down to 1100ppm.....only need 1ml of base nutes at full strength to hit roughly 1,000ppm. - Runoff: 600ppm & 5.95pH - Swear her leaves are bigger, more mass today!! Still narrow and dark though. - she is 30” x 30” now Jan 26/20 - Day 49 - Feed was full strength one for the week, 1150ppm 6.1pH. - Removed some more leaves today. - guessing only another 1.5 weeks of feeding. Happy growing fellow enthusiasts and thanks for the time to read🙏🙏

Here is the update for actual week. The summer hits very hard - since almost 10 days in a row, we have 30°C outside and it was the right decision to set the day phase from 6pm to 6am. cutted down most of the fanleafes today. all trichomes turned opaque so i will start with the first "clear-water-flush" in 2 days and will flush them 4 times on any 3rd day!

Hello. This is the last week for these plants. I don't know if I'll start harvest in the first 2 tents or in here first. Flip a coin I guess.... Turned down the lights to 60% yesterday. Getting ready for harvest the plants are getting a break from the intense lights. The plants are looking a bit more yellow as they pull what they need from the fanleaves as they mature before harvest. I'll show pre harvest pics next week. OK. Be Great... Chuck.

Week 3(Bloom): She has packed on a lot of pistils this week. Overall she’s looking really good. I think I’m under watering her. Last night and tonight when the light came on she looked pretty droopy. I’ve given her some more water today. Tomorrow when the light comes on I’ll give her a look and see. I did lift the plant to see if it was heavy or light, she was very light. Hopefully she snaps out of it. I’m very happy with this girl. This week the growth wasn’t as rapid, this could be because of not enough water, not sure though. Starting to see a bit more vertical growth Thanks for checking out the diary! 👊

12/30 - Transplant will be completed by the end of the day - still running high humidity and high temps - Increased Myco/Silica/Nitro feeds - Heavy LST coming week . 😎😎😎😎😎😎😎😎 01/01 - First update of the year - if you are reading this, peace and prosperity to you and yours - Did not get a chance to transplant just yet, looking to transplant by the end of the week - So far this mother has been rocking out just fine - looking to pluck clones by mid Jan - Had a little PH burn on the tips - flushed for PH balance correction.

Thank you growdiaries for all the support

Plantadas en macetas de 11L sustrato grotek ligthmix.. luego de 15 horas de plantadas abrieron sus cotiledones, una de las 4 viene un poco atrasada.. Usamos al cumplir una semana micro dosis de bases advanced (grow-micro-bloom) y enrraizante voodoo juice para empezar la actividad en el suelo 👨‍🌾🏾

So please don"t trip out on this. I know my conditions are not accurate or my nutrient amounts. Lost my notebook with all my notes on this grow. All I have are the pics which I'll post. The dates of the pics may not correspond with the weeks in the diary. Kids, make sure you keep up to date if you are going to keep a diary online and keep a written one. I definitely learned my lesson. Several weeks of notes on 5 different strains lost. Well enjoy the pics at least.