In my opinion no, you want at least 21 litres/5 gallon pots for healthy root development in soil, preferably more.
As AsNoriu said; - bigger pots = bigger roots = bigger plants.
After 5-6 weeks of veg in a 3 gallon pot, your plant would be absolutely root bound, leaving very little opportunity for growth during flowering.
Also, with little pots and the high risk of stunting, the small amount of soil dries out very quickly and also has an increased risk of nutrient salts building up to toxic levels and harming your plant beyond repair. I started with 11 litre/nearly 3 gallon air pruning pots/rocket pots for autos and soon discovered their total unsuitability for this task due to very small plants and moved to 21 litre air pruning pots quite smartly, with MUCH better results. If I were to ever grow autos again, 21 litre/5 gallon would be my minimum size and I would probably prefer even larger ones.
21 litre/5 gallon pots would be the absolute minimum for photoperiod plants if you want a decent harvest, but again, bigger would be better, unless you want to grow "sea of green" style and only have a 4 week veg time, then 21 litres/5 gallons would be adequate.
As they say in the automobile world "there ain't no substitute for cubes!"
Hope this helps,...........
Organoman.