1. Should I use fresh water for my drip system and use basin for runoff?
Yes, don't re-use that runoff... toss it out or toss it outside... into groundis fine with plants, but not for potted plants.
2. How long should my drip run?
Depends on method of grow... i see you are runing aeroponics. So, often enough your roots don't dry out. i've seen ppl run a recirculating system nonstop...
1m on, 4m off? is pretty standard in store-bought kits.
3. Starter nutes with distilled water suggestions?
Don't be afraid of tap unless it is very hard.. mine is quite hard at ~300ppm and still do okay.
1.5EC is generally a great point to start (750ppm). if you haven't calculate ppm of your macro and micro nutes from guaranteed analysis labels.
Any hydro nutrient brand tht provides all the stuff a plant needs is fine. Jack's Nutrients by JR Peters is a high quality, 100% readily available chelated nutirents for hydro. There are others. This is probably the best value if available nearby. Pair Part A with any ~15-0-0 cal nitrate and maybe some epsom salt (food grade magnesium sulfate). 3.6g/2.4g/1g per gallon of each, respectively, is instructed dose. Get stuff and sale and pay 3pennies per gallon of fertilized water... not on say still great at 4pennies per gallon, lol.
GHE is similar to the number below, i bet... this is what jacks amounts to at a ~650ppm dose. They both give a >1.5ec instructed dose, i bet... but you really are better around 1.5ec based on research and not anecdotal evidence. always respond to plants of course.. they have the only real say in the matter.
Ballpark at 6pH (different pH will need slightly different ratios)
N 120ish -- this iis a good "third rail" to guide... 120-130ppm N is gonna make most plants very happy. rest can follow in proportion.
P 50 ish
K 200ish
These will depend on ur water. Tap typicalyl has some of this in it already. May need more for distilled or RO
Ca 100ish
Mg 80ish
S 110ish
then the other stuff are fractions of a ppm except for iron ~2.5-3 prolly?... point is those should be included, make sure they are on label.
if a brand makes you buy a bunch of supplemental nutes to subsidize their base, that's a bad brand maximizing profit. A 2 or 3 part system is good for its malleability... you can play mad scientist a bit with NPK ratios to some extent.
I'd use full strength ~1.5ec from the get-go. Seedlings will not be burned by this concentration whatsoever. Clones are better off with ~0.3ec. at least intiially until they have roots.
I don't change my nutes for vege vs bloom, but if you add that wrinkle, just tay in that 1.5ec ballpark and you'll be fine. can likely push to >2.0EC and still be relatively safe with most plants. while some i am sure do it well, i mostly see burnt plants when ppl try this. Reducing photosynthesis in leaves is never a good thing. ATP powers cellular growth... no development with no ATP... less development with less ATP. brain fart... krebb's cycle? https://i1.wp.com/ramneetkaur.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/image216.jpg?fit=1444%2C1483&ssl=1